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The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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CHAPTER I.<br />

<strong>The</strong> Conclave <strong>of</strong> 1559.<br />

<strong>The</strong> wild outburst <strong>of</strong> hatred indulged in by <strong>the</strong> populace,<br />

during <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> which Paul IV. <strong>close</strong>d his eyes in death<br />

on August i8th, 1559, reached its climax and its conclusion<br />

in <strong>the</strong> exciting scenes which took place two days later. <strong>The</strong><br />

statue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hated reformer <strong>of</strong> morals lay in pieces, <strong>the</strong><br />

coat-<strong>of</strong>-arms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Carafa was everywhere torn down, and <strong>the</strong><br />

prisons <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> demolished buildings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Inquisition lay<br />

empty. ^ On <strong>the</strong> morning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 21st <strong>the</strong> fury <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> people<br />

^ See Vol. XIV. <strong>of</strong> this work, pp. 414 seqq. <strong>The</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong><br />

original matter concerning <strong>the</strong> vacancy in <strong>the</strong> Papal throne and<br />

<strong>the</strong> conclave <strong>of</strong> Pius IV. is very great. <strong>The</strong> most important<br />

sources are : (i) <strong>The</strong> Diary <strong>of</strong> Ludovicus Bondonus de Branchis<br />

Firmanus (in Merkle, II., 518-31), who was present in <strong>the</strong><br />

conclave as Master <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ceremonies (Merkle, cx). (2) Antonius<br />

Guidus, De obitu Pauli IV., et conclavi cum electione Pii IV.<br />

(Merkle, II., 605-32) ; Guido was in <strong>the</strong> conclave, probably as<br />

conclavist <strong>of</strong> Cardinal Gonzaga {ibid., cxxxv). Cf. also Susta,<br />

Pius IV., 165-6. (3) Onuphrius Panvinius, De creatione Pii IV.<br />

Papae (Merkle, II., 575-601). Panvinio first entered <strong>the</strong> conclave<br />

December 24, 1559 {ibid., cxxvi., 577), and was <strong>the</strong>refore an<br />

eye-witness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> closing scenes. Merkle gives extracts <strong>from</strong><br />

a second edition <strong>of</strong> Panvinio in <strong>the</strong> annotations, p. 332 seqq.<br />

(4) <strong>The</strong> *Lists <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> scrutinies collected by Panvinio in <strong>the</strong><br />

Court Library, Munich (see Appendix, No. i).<br />

Besides <strong>the</strong>se we have <strong>the</strong> exceedingly copious diplomatic<br />

reports and correspondence, (i) <strong>the</strong> reports <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spanish<br />

ambassador, Francisco de Vargas to Philip II. <strong>from</strong> September 27<br />

to December 29, 1559, in Dollinger, Beitrage, I., 265-328.<br />

O<strong>the</strong>r sources <strong>from</strong> Simancas in Muller, Konklave Pius IV., and<br />

HiNOjosA, Felipe II. y el conclave de 1559, Madrid, 1889. (2)<br />

Reports <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> French side in Ribier, II., 824-42. Cf. <strong>the</strong><br />

account <strong>of</strong> a French Cardinal made use <strong>of</strong> by Ruble (Le traite de<br />

VOL. XV. I

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