The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

344 HISTORY OF THE POPES.
legates were still further increased by the fact that the great
differences of opinion on the sacrament of Matrimony,
especially the prohibition of clandestine marriages, tended
to become greater rather than less. This subject was dis-
cussed from July 24th to the 31st, again, upon a new formula
from August nth to the 23rd, and lastly, upon yet a third
formula, from September 7th to the loth.^
Notwithstanding the great difficuhies which stood in the
way of the settlement of the decree on Matrimony, as well
as those on reform, Pius IV., convinced of the necessity of
bringing the Council to an end without taking into considera-
tion the opposition of Spain, urged the hurrying on of the
proceedings with ever increasing vehemence. 2 In this
respect the legates had already done all that they possibly
could, 3 but the difficulties increased from day to day. They
had at last, after repeated conferences, succeeded in finding
a new formula for the articles on reform, which now consisted
of thirty-six chapters. This was sent to the Emperor
on August 20th. The last chapter treated of the reform
of the princes in twelve articles.'* Its form was so moderate
that the legates entertained the hope that it would meet
with universal approval. Great, therefore, was their aston-
ishment and dismay when the Archbishop of Prague appeared
on August 27th, and demanded in the name of the Emperor
that they should abandon the reform of the princes.^ They
1 See Theiner, II., 314-34, 338-69, 391-7 ; Pallavicini, 22, 4.
2 See the instructions of Borromeo to the legates of August 4,
1563, inSusTA, IV., 169 seqq. ; the important letter from Borromeo
and Pius IV. to the legates of August 7, in Sickel, Beitrage, II.,
149 seqq. ; Borromeo's letter of August 14, in Susta, IV., 186,
and the autograph letter from the Pope to the legates on the same
day in Sickel, loc. cit., 152.
3 See their report of August 19, 1563, in Susta, IV., 189 seqq.
* See Theiner, II., 371-86 ; Sickel, Konzil, 582 seq. ; Kasso-
wiTZ, 256 seq.
* The instruction from the Emperor, of August 23, 1563 (in
Sickel, Konzil, 585 ; cf. Kassowitz 245) was brought by a
courier from Vienna to Trent in three davs.