The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

REFORM OF THE PRINCES. 34I
To a still greater degree was this the case in France and
in the widespread dominions of the Spanish crown, in Naples,
Sicily and Spain itself.^ Pius IV. was therefore perfectly
justified when, in April, 1563, he made complaints to the
ambassador of Philip II. about the usurpation of ecclesiastical
rights by the Spanish government, and threatened to lay
the matter before the Council at Trent to be dealt with there.
In saying this he referred especially to church patronage,
the office of grand master, the Inquisition, etc. All clear-
sighted people, and especially Cardinal Morone, were of
opinion that when they were dealing with general reform
in the Council, the princes must not be excepted.^ In Apiil
the Bishop of Orvieto drew up a memorial on the encroach-
ments of the secular princes in spiritual matters, and sent it
to Rome.^ On the strength of this Borromeo gave the
legates strict injunctions on June 26th to place this subject
on the agenda for the Council,'* which was accordingly done.
At the end of July a detailed draft of reform in forty-two
chapters was drawn up,^ which was handed to the envoys
of the princes, so that they might make their observations
upon it. This draft was so comprehensive, that the idea,
so firmly rooted in the minds of many of the envoys, that the
Council would only occupy itself with the redress of unim-
509-
' Fuller details in Vol. XVI. of this work
- Letter of Vargas of April 6, 1563, in Dollinger, Beitrage, I.,
3 See RiTTEK, I., 171.
• Poiche ogn' uno ci da adosso con questa benedetta riforma
et par quasi che non s' indrizzino i colpi ad altro che a ferir 1'
autorita di questa santa sede et noi altri cardinali che siamo
membri di quella, N.S^*' dice che per 1' amor di Dio lascino o
faccino cantare ancora sopra il hbro de li principi secolari et che
in ci6 non habbino rispetto alcuno, in le cose pero che sono giuste
et honeste, et anche in questo haveranno a procurare che non
paia che la cosa venga da noi. Susta, IV., loo-i. Cf. Palla-
viciNi, 22, 9, I.
'^
Cf. Pallavicini, 22, I, 12 ; Baguenault de Puchesse,
363 seq. ; Sickel, Konzil, 573 scq. ; Kassowitz, 234 seq. ; Constant,
Rapport, 333 ; Susta, IV., 140 seq.