The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

THE xxiiird SESSION. 337
High Mass was celebrated by the Bishop of Paris, Eustache
du Bellay, and the sermon was preached by the Spaniard,
Giacomo Giberto di Noguera, Bishop of Ahfe. Then the
decree on Holy Orders, in four chapters and eight canons,
was read aloud. Of the bishops it was stated in the fourth
chapter : "In addition to the other grades, there belong
in a special way to this hierarchical order the bishops, who
have succeeded to the place of the Apostles, and, as the
Apostle says, have been set by the Holy Ghost to rule the
Church of God." Although this formula did not directly
define divine right, the Spanish bishops had at last declared
it to be satisfactory, because it could be interpreted in their
sense. 1
The last three canons, so long disputed, were as follows :
" Anathema is pronounced against anyone who maintains
that in the Catholic Church there is no hierarchy, appointed
by divine ordinance, and consisting of bishops, priests and
ministers ; that bishops are no more than priests, and have
not the power to confirm and ordain, or that they have their
power in common with priests, or that the ordination con-
ferred by them without the consent of, or without the call
of the people or the civil authorities, is invalid, or that those
who are not properly ordained and appointed by ecclesiastical
and canonical authoiity, but come from elsewhere, are
legitimate ministers of the divine word and of the sacraments ;
that the bishops who are chosen by the Roman Pope are not
true and lawful bishops, but a human institution."
The first president, Morone, was able to announce, as the
result of the voting, that all the fathers approved the decrees,
that six wished for a better and clearer declaration in the
sixth and eighth canons, and one in the fourth. Then the
reform decree, which included eighteen chapters, the first
of which was concerned with the duty of residence, was
publicly read. The second chapter laid it down that all
prelates without exception, even the Cardinals, must receive
Holy Orders within three months. The next fourteen
^ See Knopfler in the Freiburger Kirchenlcx., XI ^., 2105.
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