The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

THE XXIIird SESSION. 335
drafted by Cardinal Gonzaga ; no mention was made in
this of divine right. On July gth a General Congregation
was held, in which they were successful in obtaining 227
votes for the decrees thus formulated. Only slight altera-
tions were asked for, with the insertion of which Archbishop
Marini, of Lanciano, and Foscarari, Bishop of Modena, as
theobgians, and Archbishop Castagna, of Rossano, and
Gabriele Paleotto, Auditor of the Rota, as canonists, were
entrusted.^ This happy result, in consequence of which
the XXIIird Session, which had been repeatedly postponed,
first from April 22nd to May 20th, then to June 15th, and
finally to July 15th, ^ could at last be held, was above all
to be attributed to the complete change of front on the part
of Cardinal Guise, the leader of the French bishops.
As early as June 29th, while the scandalous dispute about
precedence between the French and Spanish envoys was
taking place in the Cathedral of Trent, the passionate Frenchman,
deeply offended at the preference shown to Spain,
had permitted himself to the use of the most violent expressions
concerning Pius IV., the lawfulness of whose
election he declared to be doubtful, on account of alleged
simony, and he had threatened to make an appeal to the
Council.^ A few days later he offered the Pope his services,
through his secretary, Musotti. Sudden changes from one
^ See Pallavicini, 21, 11, 4; Susta, IV., iii, 121 seq. For
G. Paleotto see Merkle in the Rom. Quartalschr., XL, 336 seq.,
and on G. B. Castagna, Studi stor., IX., 229 seq.
^ See Theiner, II., 263 seq., 279, 298 seq.
' For this question, and the proceedings connected with it,
see BoNDONUs, 568 ; Psalmaeus, 861 ; MEND09A, 684 ; *report
of Fr. Porticelli to Madruzzo, dated Trent, July i, 1563 (Vice-
regal Archives Innsbruck) ; Paleotto in Theiner, II., 650. Cf.
Merkle loc. cit., 387; Baluze-Mansi, III., 477; IV., 319;
Le Plat, VI., 116 seq. ; Pallavicini, 21, 8 seq ; Sickel, Konzil,
556 seqq., Beitrage, II., 63, 135 seq. ; Susta, IV., 99, 517 seq.
On May 22, 1563, Fr. Tonina had already reported from Rome :
*Qui si' ragiona assai del strepito che fa il card, di Lorena al
concilio (Gonzaga Archives, Mantua).