The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

312 HISTORY OF THE POPES.
In the meantime the Emperor, whose theological com-
mission at Innsbruck was engaged upon the drafting of a new,
the second, reform libellum,^ addressed two letters to the
Pope on March 3rd, which caused great anxiety in the Curia.
One of these letters,^ which was also communicated to the
Imperial envoys at Trent, to the legates, to Cardinal Guise,
and to others, demanded reform in general terms. It ex-
pressed the regret of the Emperor at the unsatisfactory course
of events at the Council, and at the reports which were current
that the Pope intended either to suspend or dissolve it, which
would cause great harm to the Church. He hoped that the
Council might soon be brought to a successful close, and the
longed-for reform carried into effect. For this, however,
fuU liberty was necessary, and therefore the right of proposition
must not be reserved to the legates alone, but must
also be granted to the envoys of the princes. Finally, the
Emperor announced his inclination to appear at the Council
himself, and addressed an urgent request to the Pope to do
likewise. The second, confidential, letter,'* contained the
same exhortations and demands, but was expressed in a less
sevei^e form. In this the Emperor especially demanded that
for the future simony, and all other unworthy influence should
be excluded from the Papal election, that no Cardinal should
be appointed who, on account of his youth or want of learning,
was unfit to hold the position,^ and finally that the existing
^ C/. Steinherz, III., 209 seqq. ; Kross, 621 seq. ; Kassowitz,
180 seq.
^
Cf. SicKEL, Konzil, 455 ; ibid., 452 seq. Arco's report of the de-
claration made by Pius IV. alter the receipt of the Imperial letter.
' See Raynaldus, 1563, n. 34 Le Plat, V., 690. Cf. Kross,
625 seq. ; Steinherz, III., 234 seq.
* Complete in Steinherz, III., 223 seq.
* This claim was founded on the creation of Cardinals of January
6, 1563, so widely and justly found fault with, in which Federigo
Borromeo and Ferdinando de' Medici received the purple, the
one being eighteen years of age, and the other hardly fourteen.
The nomination of Federigo was a compliment to the first president
of the Council, and that of Ferdinand to Cosimo I. Pius IV., who
^