The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

CARDINAL GUISE AND THE EMPEROR. 309
removed his court to Innsbruck in January, 1563, and, for
the purpose of discussing the questions then pending, he
summoned thither a meeting of distinguished theologians,^
which might be looked upon as a kind of Imperial bye-
council.
On February 12th, the ambitious Cardinal Guise betook
himself from Trent to Innsbruck, where Cardinal Madruzzo
and the Count of Luna, the envoy of PhiHp II., were also
expected. Guise, who arrived at Innsbruck on February i6th,
immediately expressed himself in the strongest terms against
the advisers of the Pope, and declared that a reform by means
of the Council was indispensable. In a memorial which he
handed to the Emperor, he set forth all the many abuses
which he said encroached upon the freedom of the Council,
namely, the preponderant influence of the Pope, the domination
of the Council by the Italian bishops, who formed a majority,
the exclusive right of making proposals by the legates, and the
appointment of only one secretary of the Council, whose
truthfulness, he averred, was open to grave suspicion. It was
therefore desirable that as many bishops as possible should
come from Spain, France and Germany, and also that the
Emperor should himself go to Trent and be present at the
next Session. 2 To the Spanish and French opposition,
which had made itself felt at the Council in the discussion
of questions of dogma, the time had come to add a coalition
of the great Cathohc powers, the Emperor, France and Spain,
aiming at domination of the Council, and the enforcement
of a drastic reform both of head and members. The situation
had, without doubt, become extremely critical.
The legates had sent Commendone to Innsbruck to pacify
^Cf. SiCKEi., Konzil, 419 seq., 431 seq. ; Steinherz, III.,
171 seq. ; Kassowitz, 158 seq. ; Ritter, I., 168 seq.
2 See SiCKEL, Konzil, 433 seq.; Steinherz, III., 195 seq.,
212 seq. For the motives which determined Guise to make his
journey to Innsbruck, and his negotiations there, c/.alsoVenezian.
Depeschen, III., 220 seqq. ; Zeitschr. fiir Kirchengeschicte,I.,
323 ; Docum, ined., XCVIII., 403, 407 ; Holtzmann, Maximilian
II., 441 seq. ; Susta, III., 252.