The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

THE EPISCOPAL OFFICE. 305
The distinction between the power of " order " (consecration)
and of jurisdiction, is here clearly pointed out. Bishops have
the former in virtue of their consecration, directly from God,
and the visible minister of the consecration, be he Pope or
bishop, when he confers it, is only acting as an instrument,
so that the invisible and immediate giver of the consecration
may fulfil His supernatural work. On the other hand, the
jurisdiction of the bishops, that is to say their position with
regard to their flock, and their authority to rule over them
in matters concerning their eternal salvation, although it
too is derived from God, is directly communicated to the
bishops, according to the teaching of the scholastics, by the
Pope alone.'
James Lainez, who had maintained this opinion in his first
speech on October 20th, in his second address on December
9th, made a proposal that was as practical as it was moderate ;
this was that the " order " of the bishops should be defined
as being of divine right, and that no mention should be made
of jurisdiction, since both opinions had many supporters.^
Attention was diverted from this proposal by two further
formulas, which Cardinal Guise, who was working unweariedly
for an agreement, pat forward, amplifying the seventh canon
by an eighth one, concerning the primacy. On the suggestion
of Cardinal Simonetta, who was always solicitous for the
lights of the Holy See, a commission was appointed to deliberate
on this, consisting of four theologians (one of whom was
Lainez) and five canonists. Three of the theologians spoke
in favour of the proposal, but not so the General of the Jesuits,
who remarked that he saw in it a future schism. The five
canonists, among whom were two future Popes, Ugo Boncom-
pagni and Giovanni Antonio Fachinetti, agreed with Lainez.^
The legates, whose position was daily becoming more difficult,
sent the proposal of Guise, together with the report of the
^See Grisar, Primat, 457
given in full in Susta, III., 50 seq.
seq. The letter of Borromeo is now
2 See Theiner, II., 197 seq. ; Pallavicini, 19, 6, 5; Grisar,
Primat, 491, 759 seq. ; oj. Disput., I., i seq.
2 C/. Pallavicini, 19, 6, ; 5 Grisar, Primat, 760 seq.
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