The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

COMMUNION UNDER BOTH KINDS. 285
The five articles were minutely examined and discussed from
every point of view by sixty-three theologians, in twenty-one
meetings, from June loth to the 23rd. ^ In spite of differences
of opinion as to several points, an unanimous agreement was
that Com-
arrived at with regard to the principal question ;
munion under both kinds was not of divine precept, except
for the celebrating priest ; the Church had the power, for
sufficient reasons, to prescribe Communion under the form of
bread alone, for the laity and for the clergy when not cele-
brating ; Christ was entirely present under the one kind ;
Communion was not necessary for very small children. Very
different opinions were elicited with regard to the third of the
five articles, which dealt with the granting of the chalice to the
laity. It was therefore postponed for the time being, and
upon the remaining points four canons were formulated and
submitted to the fathers of the Council on July 23rd. They
discussed- these in six General Congregations from June 30th
to July 3rd. Cardinal Simonetta, together with three bishops
and the General of the Dominicans, drew up a new statement
of the four canons, based on these discussions, with a view
to further elucidation and argument. Hosius and Seripando,
with three bishops and the General of the Augustinians, drew
up a detailed statement of doctrine. ^ All this was laid before
the fathers of the Council in General Congregation on July
4th ; these deliberated upon it on July 8th and 9th, so that
on July 14th the final version could be drawn up.
1 For the discussions up to the formulation of the dogmatic
decree of the XXIst Session, see Theiner, II., 7-51 ; Le Plat, V.,
272-328. Ehses (VIII., 537-617, 633-50, 691) gives all the Acta
from June 10 to July 14, 1562. 6/. Pallavicini, 17, 6-7 and 11 ;
Knopfler in the Freiburger Kirchenlexikon, XL, 2094, and
Grisar, Lainez, 684. Cf. also Cavallera, L'interpretation du
chap. VI de St. Jean. Une controverse exeget. au Concile de
Trente, in the Revue d' hist, eccles., X. (1909), 687-709. Con-
cerning the vote of P. Canisius with regard to the chalice for the
laity (June 15, 1562) see Ehses, in the Hist. Jahrbuch, XXXVl.,
105 seq.
* Cf. Cavallera, loc. cit., 699.