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The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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THE ITALIAN BISHOPS. 255<br />

arrived <strong>from</strong> France, Pius IV. declared to <strong>the</strong> Imperial<br />

ambassador on August 23rd, that he would irrevocably open<br />

<strong>the</strong> Council, even should Ferdinand I. be unable to take<br />

part in it. On <strong>the</strong> following day <strong>the</strong> Pope decided in con-<br />

sistory that all <strong>the</strong> Italian bishops were to repair to Trent<br />

within eight days. Many <strong>of</strong> those who were resident in<br />

Rome resisted even now, so that <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> prelates at<br />

<strong>the</strong> seat <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Council increased but slowly. ^<br />

Never<strong>the</strong>less, at first it was only Italians who were present<br />

at Trent ; <strong>the</strong> arrival <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bishops <strong>from</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r countries,<br />

with <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Portuguese who were already <strong>the</strong>re,<br />

was stiU delayed. On September 26th <strong>the</strong> Bishop <strong>of</strong> Vich<br />

arrived, as <strong>the</strong> first <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spaniards,^ but for <strong>the</strong> most part,<br />

it was November before <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs one by one reached Trent.<br />

Philip II., after repeated exhortations <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> nuncio,<br />

and <strong>the</strong> Portuguese reports in <strong>the</strong> Corpo dipl. Portug., IX., 287,<br />

318. <strong>The</strong> Portuguese ambassador undertoolc to see that <strong>the</strong><br />

letter <strong>of</strong> Pius IV. <strong>of</strong> August 20, 1561, to <strong>the</strong> Negus Minas <strong>of</strong><br />

Abyssinia, in which he was invited to send envoys to Trent,<br />

reached him (printed in Beccari, Rerum Aethiop. Script,<br />

occid., X., 125) ; <strong>the</strong> letter never reached <strong>the</strong> Negus (see ibid.,<br />

125 n.).<br />

1 See Massarelli, 356 seq. ; <strong>The</strong>iner, I., 670 seq. ; Susta, I.,<br />

75 seq., 77 seq., 90. An *Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong> September 6, 1561,<br />

states that <strong>the</strong> Pope had ordered 25 bishops to go to <strong>the</strong> Council,<br />

and that <strong>the</strong>y were starting (Urb. 1039, p. 298, Vatican Library).<br />

Cf. also <strong>the</strong> *letter <strong>of</strong> G. A. Caligari to Commendone, dated Rome,<br />

September 13, 1561 (Lett, di princ, XXIII., 34, Papal Secret<br />

Archives). On October 13, 1561, Serristori *writes that <strong>the</strong> Pope<br />

insisted that all <strong>the</strong> bishops should go to <strong>the</strong> Council (State<br />

Archives, Florence). But again on November 8, it is reported<br />

that <strong>the</strong> Pope had urged <strong>the</strong> bishops to go <strong>the</strong>re, that 7 had<br />

started yesterday, but that many refused (*Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong><br />

November 8, 1561, Urb. 1039, p. 308, Vatican Library) ; <strong>the</strong><br />

Pope, never<strong>the</strong>less, remained firm on <strong>the</strong> point that with a few<br />

exceptions all must start out on <strong>the</strong>ir journey (*Avvisi <strong>of</strong> December<br />

20, 1561, and January 3, 1562, loc. cit., pp. 3T9b, 329).<br />

' Cf. Massarelli, 358; <strong>The</strong>iner, I., 670; Susta, I., 78, 80.<br />

? Massarelli, 258 seqq. Cf. Susta, L, go.<br />

^

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