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230 HISTORY OF THE POPES. with great frankness^ of the sad experiences he had so far had during his journey through north Germany. " Rehgious conditions in Germany," he explained, " are in such a state that the apphcation of the remedy must not long be delayed ; the longer we hesitate the more difficult and dangerous it will become. The number of the heretics increases from day to day ; they have not only won over the greater number of the secular princes, but the territories of the Catholic princes, both ecclesiastical and seculai, are so polluted and infected that they can hardly exact service from theii subjects, nor the customary taxes and obedience. Still, there is no doubt that the power of the Catholic states of the Empire is greater than that of the Protestants, and nothing causes these last to be so respected and feared as their external unity, though at heart they are much divided, and only united by their common hatred of the Catholic religion, and their greed for the ecclesiastical property that still remains. It is therefore most necessary that the Catholic princes should at once be truly united and on good terms with each other, from which it would become possible to hope for every good, and a happy outcome to the Diet, and even without this the way would be opened to the Council." Johann von der Leyen informed Commendone in confidence of the obstacles which had hitherto frustrated the formation of a Catholic confederation. Commendone, however, adhered firmly to his opinion that, if they did not make up their minds to unite the Catholics, and set them free from their state of fear and subjection, religious affairs would become almost desperate. The Archbishop of Treves himself does not seem to have been free from this state of fear, as was shown by his pronouncements with regard to the Diet of the Prince Electors and his answer in the matter of the Council, that he could not appear in person at Trent, on account of the certain dangers to which he would expose his territory by his absence. 1 *In questo state sono manco heretici che negl' altri degl' elettori di Colonia et Moguntia et per tutto si viva catolicamente, writes Ruggieri, loc. cit. 2 See the letters of Commendone of April 14 and 21, 1561, in Ehses, VIII., 191 and 194. C/. Reimann, Commendone, 261 seq. ^
COMMENDONE AT COLOGNE. 23I On April 19th Commendone was once more in Cologne, where he received the visit of the Bishop of Osnabriick, Johann von Hoya. This prelate, whom in other respects Commendone highly praises, also dwelt upon the disturbed state of the country, and the dangers which thieatened the bishops who should travel to the Council. He proposed that the archbishops should be commissioned by the Pope to hold provincial synods, and these should appoint several bishops to go to the Council, the other bishops remaining behind for the protection of their own and the other dioceses. Commendone, however, protested against the dangerous and tedious plan of holding provincial synods. The answer of the municipal council of Cologne, and of the university of that city to the invitation to the Council was satisfactory. Commendone, however, did not conceal from himself the fact that even in Cologne grave dangers threatened the Church. He set great hopes on the Jesuits for averting these dangers, but the latter had to contend with great diffi- culties in the Rhenish capital, owing to the jealousy of the clergy, and especially of the mendicant orders. The nuncio was much grieved by the incredible apathy of so many Catholics. " It looks," he wrote, " as if our people were those who believe in faith alone without works, so little do they appear to trouble aboat the redress of the present evil conditions. On the other hand, those who stand outside the truth and can therefore find no real unity, do endeavoui to support cne another and to give an appearance of being united."^ Commendone found conditions much worse than in the archdiocese of Cologne, when he entered the Duchy of Cleves, the capital of which he reached on April 26th. The apostasy from Rome had there made great progress, and there were many heretics in Cleves. The city of Wesel was almost entirely Protestant, at Diisseldorf a declared Protestant was teaching five hundred pupils, and the court preacher gave the people communion under both kinds. Commendone lost ^Letters to Borromeo of April 21 and 25, 1561, in Ehses, VIII., 194 seqq.
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LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
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HISTORY OF THE POPES VOL. XV
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o^^^ T H e \%^ HISTORY OF THE POP F
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CONTENTS OF VOLUME XV. Collections
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viii ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS IN VO
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X COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Aumale,
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XU COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Carcere
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xiv COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Episto
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xvi COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS HUgers
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xviii COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Lowe
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XX COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Pieylin
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Xxii COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Sdgmi
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XXIV COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Verga
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XXVI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Non-observa
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XXVlll TABLE OF CONTENTS. A.D. ....
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XXX TABLE OF CONTENTS Complete conv
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XXxii TABLE OF CONTENTS. A.D. Offic
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XXXIV TABLE OF CONTENTS. :Morone ar
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LIST OF UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS IN AP
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XXXVlll AUTHOR S PREFACE. for the f
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Xl INTRODUCTION. diplomatic relatio
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Xlii INTRODUCTION. the more necessa
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Xliv INTRODUCTION. having been made
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xlvi INTRODUCTION. original documen
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XiVlll INTRODUCTION. led the Cathol
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2 HISTORY OF THE POPES. seemed to b
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4 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had given h
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6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. be followed
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8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In his decr
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. 10 HISTORY OF THE POPES. France c
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12 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Duke Cosim
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^ 14 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Lenoncou
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l6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. once on th
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l8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. uncle, Pis
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20 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The Spania
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22 HISTORY OF THE POPES. du Bellay
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24 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Carafa, ho
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26 HISTORY OF THE POPES. made up hi
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28 lilSTORV OF THE POPES. Carpi and
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30 HISTORY OF THE POPES. von Thurm,
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32 HISTORY OF THE POPES. influence
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34 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Madruzzo,
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36 HISTORY OF THE POPES. to keep on
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.38 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on his be
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40 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Spanish pa
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42 HISTORY OF THE POPES. if they fl
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44 HISTORY OF THE POPES. city again
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46 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Farnese, o
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48 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The old op
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50 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Philip ; t
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52 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In the aft
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54 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ^ We posse
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56 HISTORY OF THE POPES. dition to
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58 HISTORY OF THE POPES. It was mor
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60 HISTORY OF THE POPES. concerning
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62 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and declar
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64 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of his sov
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CHAPTER II. Previous Life and Chara
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68 HISTORY OF THE POPES. family, Mo
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70 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Marquis of
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72 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Angelo, as
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74 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On his ret
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76 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had to pas
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78 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Emperor di
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80 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of his sho
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82 HISTORY OF THE POPES. for the at
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84 HISTORY OF THE POPES. for.i He w
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86 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Venetian a
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88 HISTORY OF THE POPES. were in no
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go HISTORY OF THE POPES. preferred
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92 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Pius IV. v
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CHAPTER III The Pope's Relatives. C
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96 HISTORY OF THE POPES. already me
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98 HISTORY OF THE POPES. very soon.
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100 HISTORY OF THE POPES. affection
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102 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Gabrio Se
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. 104 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Cardina
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I06 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had the e
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I08 HISTORY OF THE POPES. religious
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no HISTORY OF THE POPES. wrote on J
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112 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Cardinal
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114 HISTORY OF THE POPES. head fort
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Il6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. He bore i
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Il8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. his court
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120 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and in sp
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122 HISTORY OF THE POPES. little of
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124 HISTORY OF THE POPES. defection
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126 HISTORY OF THE POPES. from when
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128 HISTORY OF THE POPES. extraordi
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130 HISTORY OF THE POPES. city of t
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132 HISTORY OF THE POPES. capitulat
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134 HISTORY OF THE POPES. interests
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136 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Paul IV.,
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138 HISTORY OF THE POPES. although
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140 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In this s
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142 HISTORY OF THE POPES. with the
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144 HISTORY OF THE POPES. announced
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146 HISTORY OF THE POPES. their dis
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— 148 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of th
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150 HISTORY OF THE POPES, his disfa
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152 HISTORY OF THE POPES. which he
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154 HISTORY OF THE POPES, avail ; a
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156 HISTORY OF THE POPES. been gran
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158 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Tonina wa
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l60 HISTORY OF THE POPES. father, F
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l62 HISTORY OF THE POPES. justice w
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. 164 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ness an
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l66 HISTORY OF THE POPES. protectin
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l68 HISTORY OF THE POPES. salvation
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170 HISTORY OF THE POPES. he appear
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172 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on a litt
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174 HISTORY OF THE POPES. grief, on
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176 HISTORY OF THE POPES. as an onl
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178 HISTORY OF THE POPES. From this
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Page 248 and 249: 196 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and would
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Page 254 and 255: 202 HISTORY OF THE POPES. received
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Page 260 and 261: 208 HISTORY OF THE POPES. it was of
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Page 264 and 265: 212 HISTORY OF THE POPES. This jubi
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Page 268 and 269: CHAPTER VI. The Mission of Commendo
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Page 272 and 273: 220 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On Januar
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Page 278 and 279: 226 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Commendon
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Page 286 and 287: 234 HISTORY OF THE POPES. his stay
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Page 290 and 291: 238 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Munich Co
Page 292 and 293: 240 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on June 4
Page 294 and 295: 242 HISTORY OF THE POPES. therefore
Page 296 and 297: 244 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on March
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Page 300 and 301: 248 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On March
Page 302 and 303: 250 HISTORY OF THE POPES. tions.^ H
Page 304 and 305: 252 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On April
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Page 308 and 309: 256 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had decid
Page 310 and 311: 258 HISTORY OF THE POPES. announced
Page 312 and 313: 26o HISTORY OF THE POPES. of contin
Page 314 and 315: 262 HISTORY OF THE POPES. busily em
Page 316 and 317: CHAPTER VIII. Reopening of the Coun
Page 318 and 319: 2 66 HISTORY OF THE POPES. debated
Page 320 and 321: 268 HISTORY OF THE POPES. bishop of
Page 322 and 323: 270 HISTORY OF THE POPES. be given
Page 324 and 325: 272 HISTORY OF THE POPES. It then h
Page 326 and 327: 274 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The Bened
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28o HISTORY OF THE POPES. which cam
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282 HISTORY OF THE POPES. belong, h
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284 HISTORY OF THE POPES. After the
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286 HISTORY OF THE POPES. During th
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288 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ^ aims of
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290 HISTORY OF THE POPES. legates,
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292 HISTORY OF THE POPES. to obtain
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294 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Visconti
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296 HISTORY OF THE POPES. It was re
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298 HISTORY OF THE POPES. sacrifice
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300 HISTORY OF THE POPES. same time
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302 HISTORY OF THE POPES. others al
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304 HISTORY OF THE POPES. the legat
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306 HISTORY OF THE POPES. commissio
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308 HISTORY OF THE POPES. against t
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310 HISTORY OF THE POPES. the Emper
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312 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In the me
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314 HISTORY OF THE POPES. peror ; o
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3l6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. which was
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3l8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. pension,
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320 HISTORY OF THE POPES. sentiment
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322 HISTORY OF THE POPES. him, and
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324 HISTORY OF THE POPES. demand fo
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326 HISTORY OF THE POPES. should re
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2 ^ CHAPTER X. The Concluding Sessi
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330 HISTORY OF THE POPES. in German
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332 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on June 8
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334 HISTORY OF THE POPES. mine the
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336 HISTORY OF THE POPES. extreme t
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338 HISTORY OF THE POPES. chapters
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340 HISTORY OF THE POPES. general r
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' dom 342 HISTORY OF THE POPES. por
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344 HISTORY OF THE POPES. legates w
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346 HISTORY OF THE POPES. but that
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34^ HISTORY OF THE POPES. desired b
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350 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Morone, w
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352 HISTORY OF THE POPES. why Pius
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354 HISTORY OF THE POPES. when pass
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356 HISTORY OF THE POPES. violently
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358 HISTORY OF THE POPES. bestowal
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360 HISTORY OF THE POPES. were subm
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362 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of the gr
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364 HISTORY OF THE POPES. in peace
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CHAPTER XI Significance of the Coun
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368 HISTORY OF THE POPES. that the
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370 HISTORY OF THE POPES. that the
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372 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The abuse
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^ 374 HISTORY OF THE POPES. his pow
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376 HISTORY OF THE POPES. as possib
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37^ HISTORY OF THE POPES. however,
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APPENDIX, PRELIMINARY NOTICE. The f
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APPENDIX. 383 Monte, Madruzzo, Savc
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APPENDIX. 385 Crispi 13 ; Cr. del M
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APPENDIX. 387 57. (Tuesday, 28 Nov.
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APPENDIX. 389
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APPENDIX. 391 report, and penetrate
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APPENDIX. 393 per haver qualche chi
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APPENDIX. 395 molt' allegramentc ;
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APPENDIX. 397 militie S*^' Michaeli
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APPENDIX. 399 orbis et Ecclesie sca
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APPENDIX. 401 Presentetur. B. Ameri
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APPENDIX. 403 13. Consistory of 3 M
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APPENDIX. 405 tutti e tre fuori di
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APPENDIX. 407 vedera con qiiesta al
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APPENDIX. 409 egli facesse il quart
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APPENDIX. 411 mente ; et Sua S^^ 1'
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APPENDIX. 413 di Penitentiaria et d
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APPENDIX. 415 ponti che non sono an
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APPENDIX. 417 by word of mouth, a j
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APPENDIX. 419 considerat, liberalit
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APPENDIX. 421 indictio of the Counc
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APP'ENDIX. 423 Mo substantial chang
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attonito et quorsum isthaec tendere
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APPENDIX. 427 Inter multas praecipa
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APPENDIX. 429 lum praebere : et ant
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432 INDEX OF NAMES. Boncompagni, Ug
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434 Corgna, Ascanio della (nephew o
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436 INDEX OF NAMES. Grimani, Giovan
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438 Medici, Chiara de' (sister of P
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440 Ricci, Cardinal, 6 n. 5, 14, 24
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44^ Violante d'Alife, see Alife. Vi
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