The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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224 HISTORY OF THE POPES. amplified and spread more widely the true divine doctrine. On the other hand the Roman Church was inundated with errors and abominable abuses, and the Gospel teaching there was so violently distorted, that it resembled heathen idolatry rather than a Christian community. The Ehctors and princes had been driven by the stern command of God to avoid idolatry, and to separate themselves from the Roman Church, and they were by no means willing to allow the Pope to make laws for them ; it was Ferdinand, the Roman Emperor, who alone was their master, and had the right to summon a Council. Commendone answered this insulting declaration calmly and with dignity : The Pope had summoned the Council in the manner which had always been observed in the Church ; the Emperor, to whom the princes ascribed the right to summon a Council had too much discernment not to see the difference between spiritual and temporal authority. The Pope had had his attention fixed upon reform ever since he ascended the throne, and he had summoned the Council all the more gladly as it was precisely in that way that a general reformation could best be undertaken. That divisions and uncertainty of opinion existed among the followers of the new religion was no unjust reproach, but a fact patent to the eyes of the whole world ; it was perfectly evident from the writings of their theologians, which had been cited by the princes, and which were full of many new opinions, all contradictory of each other. If the princes maintained that they had certainty in their faith, then the novelty, the deviation from the rest of the Church, the separation from the ordained power, must at anyrate affect this certainty and make them doubtful, especially in a matter where it was a question of eternal salvation or eternal damnation. St. Paul, the vessel of election, who, according to his own testimony, had received his gospel, not from men, but by revelation, yet received by revelation the command to go to Jerusalem and compare his gospel with that of the Apostles, so that he might not run or have already run in vain. Commendone further enjoined the princes to reflect that from the days of the Apostles aU the
THE NUNCIOS AT NAUMBURG. 225 ancient fathers had always turned to the Church of Rome as their teacher and rule of truth ; the Germans themselves, as they must acknowledge, had received Christianity from her. They should remember the words of the Gospel : " How often would I have gathered together thy children, as the hen doth gather "^ her chickens under her wings, and thou wouldest not ! Although the answer of the princes contained no reply to the invitation of the nuncios, there could yet be no doubt that they rejected the Council. Even Delfino, who com- forted himself in his sanguine way, recognized how hostile those assembled at Naumburg were to the Pope, and feared that the other Protestant princes and states would follow their example. ^ On February nth he and Commendone visited Bishop Julius Pflug, who lived at Zeitz, and who promised to come to Trent. The nuncios separated on February 13th ; in spite of their different characters they had got on well together as Venetians. Delfino, in accord- ance with his instructions, went to south Germany, while Commendone commenced his journey to the north. ^ See Reimann, Commendone, 247 seq., 273 seq. ^ Cf. Delfino's letter to Ferdinand I. of February 10, 1561, in BucHOLTz, IX., 673 seq. ; Reimann, loc. cit., 248. 3 The principal sources for Commendone's mission are his letters, which are now to be found in a good edition, thanks to the care of Ehses (c/. supra p. 219 n. 4). There is also a detailed description of his whole journey from Venice until his return there. This *Viaggio d' Alemagna fatto dal cardinale [sic] Commendone 1' anno 1560 [until 1561] scritto da S^ Fulgenzio Ruggieri Bolognese et copiato da Giov. Franc. Scardova Bolognese r anno, 1596, is preserved in Cod. M— I— 2, p.p 1-68 in the Chigi Library, Rome. Heidenheimer has published some notes from this in the Korrespondenzblatt der Westdeutschen Zeitschrift fiir Geschichte und Kunst, XXL, 117 seq. Treves, 1902, under the title of " Ein Italiener des 16. Jahrhunderts iiber Rheinlandisches und Wcstphalisches," but they do not by any means exhaust this source, which is so full of interest for the history of the Church and of civilization {cf. Pastor, Eine ungedruckte Beschreibung der Reichsstadt Aachen aus dem Jahre 1561, VOL. XV. 15 ^
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LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
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HISTORY OF THE POPES VOL. XV
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o^^^ T H e \%^ HISTORY OF THE POP F
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CONTENTS OF VOLUME XV. Collections
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viii ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS IN VO
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X COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Aumale,
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XU COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Carcere
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xiv COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Episto
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xvi COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS HUgers
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xviii COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Lowe
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XX COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Pieylin
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Xxii COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Sdgmi
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XXIV COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Verga
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XXVI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Non-observa
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XXVlll TABLE OF CONTENTS. A.D. ....
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XXX TABLE OF CONTENTS Complete conv
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XXxii TABLE OF CONTENTS. A.D. Offic
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XXXIV TABLE OF CONTENTS. :Morone ar
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LIST OF UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS IN AP
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XXXVlll AUTHOR S PREFACE. for the f
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Xl INTRODUCTION. diplomatic relatio
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Xlii INTRODUCTION. the more necessa
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Xliv INTRODUCTION. having been made
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xlvi INTRODUCTION. original documen
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XiVlll INTRODUCTION. led the Cathol
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2 HISTORY OF THE POPES. seemed to b
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4 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had given h
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6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. be followed
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8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In his decr
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. 10 HISTORY OF THE POPES. France c
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12 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Duke Cosim
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^ 14 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Lenoncou
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l6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. once on th
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l8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. uncle, Pis
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20 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The Spania
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22 HISTORY OF THE POPES. du Bellay
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24 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Carafa, ho
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26 HISTORY OF THE POPES. made up hi
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28 lilSTORV OF THE POPES. Carpi and
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30 HISTORY OF THE POPES. von Thurm,
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32 HISTORY OF THE POPES. influence
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34 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Madruzzo,
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36 HISTORY OF THE POPES. to keep on
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.38 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on his be
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40 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Spanish pa
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42 HISTORY OF THE POPES. if they fl
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44 HISTORY OF THE POPES. city again
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46 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Farnese, o
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48 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The old op
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50 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Philip ; t
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52 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In the aft
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54 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ^ We posse
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56 HISTORY OF THE POPES. dition to
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58 HISTORY OF THE POPES. It was mor
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60 HISTORY OF THE POPES. concerning
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62 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and declar
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64 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of his sov
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CHAPTER II. Previous Life and Chara
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68 HISTORY OF THE POPES. family, Mo
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70 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Marquis of
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72 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Angelo, as
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74 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On his ret
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76 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had to pas
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78 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Emperor di
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80 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of his sho
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82 HISTORY OF THE POPES. for the at
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84 HISTORY OF THE POPES. for.i He w
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86 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Venetian a
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88 HISTORY OF THE POPES. were in no
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go HISTORY OF THE POPES. preferred
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92 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Pius IV. v
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CHAPTER III The Pope's Relatives. C
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96 HISTORY OF THE POPES. already me
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98 HISTORY OF THE POPES. very soon.
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100 HISTORY OF THE POPES. affection
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102 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Gabrio Se
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. 104 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Cardina
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I06 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had the e
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I08 HISTORY OF THE POPES. religious
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no HISTORY OF THE POPES. wrote on J
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112 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Cardinal
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114 HISTORY OF THE POPES. head fort
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Il6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. He bore i
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Il8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. his court
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120 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and in sp
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122 HISTORY OF THE POPES. little of
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124 HISTORY OF THE POPES. defection
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126 HISTORY OF THE POPES. from when
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128 HISTORY OF THE POPES. extraordi
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130 HISTORY OF THE POPES. city of t
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132 HISTORY OF THE POPES. capitulat
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134 HISTORY OF THE POPES. interests
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136 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Paul IV.,
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138 HISTORY OF THE POPES. although
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140 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In this s
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142 HISTORY OF THE POPES. with the
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144 HISTORY OF THE POPES. announced
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146 HISTORY OF THE POPES. their dis
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— 148 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of th
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150 HISTORY OF THE POPES, his disfa
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152 HISTORY OF THE POPES. which he
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154 HISTORY OF THE POPES, avail ; a
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156 HISTORY OF THE POPES. been gran
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158 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Tonina wa
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l60 HISTORY OF THE POPES. father, F
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l62 HISTORY OF THE POPES. justice w
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. 164 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ness an
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l66 HISTORY OF THE POPES. protectin
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l68 HISTORY OF THE POPES. salvation
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170 HISTORY OF THE POPES. he appear
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172 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on a litt
Page 226 and 227: 174 HISTORY OF THE POPES. grief, on
Page 228 and 229: 176 HISTORY OF THE POPES. as an onl
Page 230 and 231: 178 HISTORY OF THE POPES. From this
Page 232 and 233: l80 HISTORY OF THE POPES. IV. had,
Page 234 and 235: l82 HISTORY OF THE POPES. first, by
Page 236 and 237: 184 HISTORY OF THE POPES. in the di
Page 238 and 239: l86 HISTORY OF THE POPES. but never
Page 240 and 241: l88 HISTORY OF THE POPES. all in co
Page 242 and 243: IQO HISTORY OF THE POPES. quite imp
Page 244 and 245: 192 HISTORY OF THE POPES. several o
Page 246 and 247: 194 HISTORY OF THE POPES. reported
Page 248 and 249: 196 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and would
Page 250 and 251: igS HISTORY OF THE POPES. it in han
Page 252 and 253: 200 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ambassado
Page 254 and 255: 202 HISTORY OF THE POPES. received
Page 256 and 257: 204 HISTORY OF THE POPES. othei cit
Page 258 and 259: 206 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and himse
Page 260 and 261: 208 HISTORY OF THE POPES. it was of
Page 262 and 263: 210 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of the Co
Page 264 and 265: 212 HISTORY OF THE POPES. This jubi
Page 266 and 267: 214 HISTORY OF THE POPES. cal and g
Page 268 and 269: CHAPTER VI. The Mission of Commendo
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Page 272 and 273: 220 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On Januar
Page 274 and 275: 222 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Ferdinand
Page 278 and 279: 226 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Commendon
Page 280 and 281: 228 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had still
Page 282 and 283: 230 HISTORY OF THE POPES. with grea
Page 284 and 285: 232 HISTORY OF THE POPES. no time i
Page 286 and 287: 234 HISTORY OF THE POPES. his stay
Page 288 and 289: 236 HISTORY OF THE POPES. • Verde
Page 290 and 291: 238 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Munich Co
Page 292 and 293: 240 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on June 4
Page 294 and 295: 242 HISTORY OF THE POPES. therefore
Page 296 and 297: 244 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on March
Page 298 and 299: 246 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ^ the ref
Page 300 and 301: 248 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On March
Page 302 and 303: 250 HISTORY OF THE POPES. tions.^ H
Page 304 and 305: 252 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On April
Page 306 and 307: ^ 254 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Pope co
Page 308 and 309: 256 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had decid
Page 310 and 311: 258 HISTORY OF THE POPES. announced
Page 312 and 313: 26o HISTORY OF THE POPES. of contin
Page 314 and 315: 262 HISTORY OF THE POPES. busily em
Page 316 and 317: CHAPTER VIII. Reopening of the Coun
Page 318 and 319: 2 66 HISTORY OF THE POPES. debated
Page 320 and 321: 268 HISTORY OF THE POPES. bishop of
Page 322 and 323: 270 HISTORY OF THE POPES. be given
Page 324 and 325: 272 HISTORY OF THE POPES. It then h
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274 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The Bened
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276 HISTORY OF THE POPES. the legat
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278 HISTORY OF THE POPES. current o
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28o HISTORY OF THE POPES. which cam
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282 HISTORY OF THE POPES. belong, h
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284 HISTORY OF THE POPES. After the
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286 HISTORY OF THE POPES. During th
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288 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ^ aims of
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290 HISTORY OF THE POPES. legates,
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292 HISTORY OF THE POPES. to obtain
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294 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Visconti
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296 HISTORY OF THE POPES. It was re
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298 HISTORY OF THE POPES. sacrifice
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300 HISTORY OF THE POPES. same time
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302 HISTORY OF THE POPES. others al
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304 HISTORY OF THE POPES. the legat
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306 HISTORY OF THE POPES. commissio
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308 HISTORY OF THE POPES. against t
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310 HISTORY OF THE POPES. the Emper
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312 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In the me
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314 HISTORY OF THE POPES. peror ; o
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3l6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. which was
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3l8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. pension,
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320 HISTORY OF THE POPES. sentiment
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322 HISTORY OF THE POPES. him, and
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324 HISTORY OF THE POPES. demand fo
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326 HISTORY OF THE POPES. should re
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2 ^ CHAPTER X. The Concluding Sessi
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330 HISTORY OF THE POPES. in German
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332 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on June 8
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334 HISTORY OF THE POPES. mine the
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336 HISTORY OF THE POPES. extreme t
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338 HISTORY OF THE POPES. chapters
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340 HISTORY OF THE POPES. general r
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' dom 342 HISTORY OF THE POPES. por
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344 HISTORY OF THE POPES. legates w
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346 HISTORY OF THE POPES. but that
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34^ HISTORY OF THE POPES. desired b
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350 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Morone, w
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352 HISTORY OF THE POPES. why Pius
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354 HISTORY OF THE POPES. when pass
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356 HISTORY OF THE POPES. violently
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358 HISTORY OF THE POPES. bestowal
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360 HISTORY OF THE POPES. were subm
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362 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of the gr
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364 HISTORY OF THE POPES. in peace
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CHAPTER XI Significance of the Coun
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368 HISTORY OF THE POPES. that the
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370 HISTORY OF THE POPES. that the
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372 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The abuse
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^ 374 HISTORY OF THE POPES. his pow
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376 HISTORY OF THE POPES. as possib
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37^ HISTORY OF THE POPES. however,
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APPENDIX, PRELIMINARY NOTICE. The f
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APPENDIX. 383 Monte, Madruzzo, Savc
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APPENDIX. 385 Crispi 13 ; Cr. del M
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APPENDIX. 387 57. (Tuesday, 28 Nov.
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APPENDIX. 389
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APPENDIX. 391 report, and penetrate
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APPENDIX. 393 per haver qualche chi
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APPENDIX. 395 molt' allegramentc ;
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APPENDIX. 397 militie S*^' Michaeli
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APPENDIX. 399 orbis et Ecclesie sca
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APPENDIX. 401 Presentetur. B. Ameri
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APPENDIX. 403 13. Consistory of 3 M
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APPENDIX. 405 tutti e tre fuori di
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APPENDIX. 407 vedera con qiiesta al
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APPENDIX. 409 egli facesse il quart
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APPENDIX. 411 mente ; et Sua S^^ 1'
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APPENDIX. 413 di Penitentiaria et d
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APPENDIX. 415 ponti che non sono an
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APPENDIX. 417 by word of mouth, a j
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APPENDIX. 419 considerat, liberalit
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APPENDIX. 421 indictio of the Counc
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APP'ENDIX. 423 Mo substantial chang
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attonito et quorsum isthaec tendere
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APPENDIX. 427 Inter multas praecipa
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APPENDIX. 429 lum praebere : et ant
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432 INDEX OF NAMES. Boncompagni, Ug
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434 Corgna, Ascanio della (nephew o
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436 INDEX OF NAMES. Grimani, Giovan
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438 Medici, Chiara de' (sister of P
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440 Ricci, Cardinal, 6 n. 5, 14, 24
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44^ Violante d'Alife, see Alife. Vi
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