The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

THE SENTENCE ON THE CARAFA. 167
the sentence of death on Cardinal Carlo Carafa, the Duke of
Paliano, the Count d'Alife and Lionardo di Cardine.^ In any
case all four had deserved death on account of the murder of
the Duchess, but the justice of the other accusations, especially
that of high treason against Giovanni and Car.o Carafa, is
open to doubt.- The estates of the condemned were to be
confiscated.^
When the sentence of death was communicated to Cardinal
Carafa, he did not say a word ;
his companions in misfortune
were taken from the Castle of St. Angelo back to the Tor di
Nona. The Count d'Alife and Lionardo di Cardine were
overcome by despair, and the Capuchins who were sent to
them had a hard task."^ On the other hand, Giovanni Carafa
was quite composed ; he had long given up all hope, and had
prepared himself for death by retreats with the Jesuit, Per-
uschi.^ These spiritual exercises had completely changed the
unhappy man ; religion gave him such power that he went
joyfully to his death, because it was for him the way of his
i*Report of Mula of March 6, 1561 (State Archives, Venice).
See Angel, Disgrace, 153. Cf. also the report of Tiepolo, loc. cit.
- Upon the question of guilt cf. Gnoli in the N. Antologia, XIX.
(1872), 813 seq. Benrath maintains with justice that, even after
the doubtful accusations had been withdrawn, there remained
sufficient proof; see Herzog, Realenzyklopadie, XV^, 437 seq.
*The sentence on Cardinal Carafa has not been found up to
the present ; in all probability it was destroyed when the case
was revised. The sentence of death on the Duke of Paliano and
his two companions, dated March 4, 1561, in GoRi, Archivio, II.,
260 seq.
^ Cf. the *report of Fr. Tonina of ]\Iarch 5, 1561 (Gonzaga
Archives, Mantua). In the book of the *Giustiziati, Vol. 3, in
the archives of S. Giovanni Decollato (State Archives, Rome),
there is a note on pp. i67b-9 that members of the Misericordia
were called on March 5 " a un hora mezzo di notte " to " Conte
d' Aliffe, ducca di Paliano and L. de Cardine." The Duke be-
queathed to the Confraternity " venti scudi alia capella S. Giovanni
decollato per mia devotione et elemosina."
5 See Manareus, De rebus Soc. lesu, 126, Florence, 1886.
Cf. Gnoli, loc. cit., 817.