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The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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TRIAL OF THE CARAFA. I49<br />

Cardinal Alfonso was collected and calm <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> first,' Carlo<br />

Carafa displayed all his old arrogance. He was still hoping<br />

for help <strong>from</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spanish king, whose ambassador, Francisco<br />

Vargas, came forward as his staunch friend.^ This, however,<br />

could avail him very little, since Vargas, by his importunate<br />

and provocative manner, had made himself very unpopular<br />

with <strong>the</strong> Pope.^ <strong>The</strong> French ambassador interested himself<br />

on behalf <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Duke <strong>of</strong> Paliano, whom Vargas had<br />

deserted.<br />

<strong>The</strong> confidence <strong>of</strong> Carlo Carafa in <strong>the</strong> Spanish king was by<br />

no means justified, but all <strong>the</strong> more zealous were <strong>the</strong> efforts<br />

<strong>of</strong> Vargas on his behalf.* This diplomatist, to whom Pius IV.<br />

had, just at that time, on a certain occasion, markedly shown<br />

documents in <strong>the</strong> Papal Secret Archives mentioned above is also<br />

due to Ancel ; it has, however, escaped him that <strong>the</strong> Articoii XIV.<br />

pro fisco contra card. Carafam, which <strong>of</strong>ten appear in manuscript<br />

(e.g. Inf. polit., II., 465 seq. Library, Berlin ;<br />

Urb. 853, p. 410 seq.,<br />

Vatican Library ; Cod. 44—B— 13 p. 276 seq., Corsini Library,<br />

Rome, and in an unsigned Codex <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bibl. d. Soc. stor. patria<br />

at Naples) had already been printed in 1731 by H<strong>of</strong>fmann,<br />

Nova script. coUectio I., 599 seq., a fact which Ranke (Papste, I.,<br />

209) has also overlooked. <strong>The</strong> Instrumentum transportationis,<br />

assignationis et quietantiae scripturarum Causae contra Carafen.<br />

ex <strong>of</strong>ficio criminali rev. d. Urbis gubernat. ad arcem S. Angeli<br />

de mandate SS°^ Patris, dated January 7, 1562, in <strong>the</strong> Bolett.<br />

stor. d. Svizz. Ital., XXXV. (191 5), i-<br />

1 *Napoli si governa con molta prudentia et religione. Avviso<br />

di Roma <strong>of</strong> July 20, 1560, Urb. 1039, p. 175b (Vatican Library).<br />

2 C/. Mula's *reports, especially that <strong>of</strong> June 29, 1560 (Papal<br />

Secret Archives).<br />

3 See <strong>the</strong> *Avvisi di Roma <strong>of</strong> May 17 and 24, 1560 (Urb. 1039,<br />

pp. 274, 276b, Vatican Library).<br />

* Cf. Ancel, Disgrace, 140 seqq. Concerning <strong>the</strong> intercession<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> French ambassador, see also <strong>the</strong> *Avviso di Roma <strong>of</strong><br />

August 17, 1560 (Urb. 1039, p. 191b). An *Avviso <strong>of</strong> November<br />

23, 1560, tells <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intercession <strong>of</strong> Cosimo (Urb. 1039, p. 219).<br />

Among <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r princes who interceded (see *Awiso <strong>of</strong> September<br />

28, 1560, Urb. 1039, p. 204b, Vatican Library) was <strong>the</strong> Duke <strong>of</strong><br />

Bavaria ; see Steinheuz, II., 397.

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