The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

PIUS IV. AND CARLO CARAFA. I33
sador, Vargas, thereby breaking his word to the French
without scruple, and frustrating the already far advanced
candidature of Gonzaga.
It was a severe blow to him when his attempt on behalf
of Carpi, made at the same time, was a failure, for, as
Bernardino Pia informs us, Carafa knew well that his cause
was lost if this candidature, for the sake of which he had
made so many enemies, did not succeed.^ There remained,
indeed, no other course for him but to declare himself for
Medici, whose election he had hitherto opposed. This
change, which was by no means voluntary on his part,
had been effected by means of promises which gave
Carafa reason to hope that the new Pope would support
his interests in the matter of Paliano, and induce Philip II.,
at any rate, to keep the fortress in a state of seques-
tration until such time as a suitable indemnity could be
arranged.
2
Although Pius IV. clearly understood that the participa-
tion of Carafa in his election had been neither voluntary nor
disinterested, he nevertheless gave him credit for the great
services he had rendered him, and showed his gratitude in
various ways. At the end of December, 1559, the envoy
sent to Spain was a declared adherent of the Carafa, and had
instructions to work diligently to obtain compensation for
Paliano.^' Cardinal Carafa had all the more reason to look
for a happy issue to this affair, as Vargas, the representative
of Philip II. in Rome, was altogether on his side, and urgently
represented to his master how greatly it was to his own
^ See Pia's letter of December 15, 1550, in Ancel, Disgrace,
70, n. 2.
^ See MuLLER, 223 seq. Cf. supra p. 57.
' See the report of Vargas of December 29, 1559, in Dollinger,
Beitrage, I., 326 seq. Cf. the *brief to F. a Sanguine, dated Rome,
January 5, 1560, in which Pius IV. emphasizes how much he has
the commission of Sanguine at heart (magnae merito nobis curae
sunt) and that the King should grant his first request (Arm.
44, t. 19, n. 17 n., Papal Secret Archives). Cf. Hinijosa,
120.