The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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68 HISTORY OF THE POPES. family, Morone, to accept a free place in the college founded by Cardinal Branda. He continued his juridical studies in the hope of succeeding in his efforts to obtain a position as notary in Milan. ^ His manner of life, however, was com- pletely altered by the turn of political affairs in the north of Italy. In consequence of the capture of Milan by the Papal- Imperial army on November 19th, 1521, and the return of Francesco Sforza to his capital, everything was changed. Better days had now come for the Medici family, while, more important still, Gian Giacomo had won the implicit confidence of the all-powerful chancellor, Morone. The reckless soldier became a tool in the hands of Morone, and as a reward for a political murder he received the fortress of Musso in feudal tenure from the Duke .^ In this eyrie, on the steep western bank of ihe Lake of Como, between Dongo and Rezzonico, of which only picturesque ruins now remain, he made the whole neighbourhood unsafe, under the pretence of fighting the French. In the confusion which prevailed in the whole district round Milan, and protected by Morone, the Castellan of Musso, generally spoken of as II Musso, was able to allow himself many liberties and became the terror of the neighbourhood. His aspirations were plainly directed to the foundation of an independent sovereignty. This soldier, now twenty-eight years old, thus stands out as a type of those daring, ruthless and powerful condottieri, of whom the days of the Renaissance offer so many examples.^ The prosperity of Gian Giacomo was naturally of the greatest 1 Cf. Lettere di G. Morone, loc. cit., 690 ; Girol. Soranzo, 70 ; SusTA, Pius IV., II. 2 See MissAGLiA, 1 5 seq. The romantic episode included in Ranke (Papste, I«., 206) and Brosch (I., 225) in their account as to the way in which Gian Giacomo became master of Musso, has been shown by Susta (Pius IV., 12) to be a fable, though of very ancient date, since it appears in Mocenigo, 50. ^ Cf. BuRCKHARDT, Kultur der Renaissance, I^"., 29 and 181, Leipsic, 1908, the latter dealing with Gian Giacomo's relations with Aretino.
GIAN GIACOMO DE' MEDICI. 69 advantage to his whole family. Gian Angelo was now in a position to complete his legal studies at the University of Bologna, where he enjoyed the tuition of the famous Carlo Ruini, and in 1525 won his doctor's degree in both branches of the law. On his return to Milan he was immediately received as a member of the Collegio del nohili giuresconsuUi.^ He owed this honour to the influence of Morone, who intended to make use of the young man for his secret political plans. Gian Angelo, as well as his brother, Gian Giacomo, was involved in the plot which Morone had set on foot for the liberation of Italy from the Spanish yoke, but the dis- covery of the conspiracy, which led to the imprisonment of Morone, ruined all their hopes. The two Medici, who were deeply compromised, fled to Musso, which was strongly fortified, and the Spaniards were not powerful enough to take energetic measures against them. When the Holy League was formed against the Emperor after the Peace of Madrid, Gian Giacomo, the skilled soldier, took part in the campaign against the Spaniards." A quarrel in which he was involved with the commander- in-chief of the Venetians, the Duke of Urbino, was the occasion of sending his brother, Gian Angelo, to Rome at the end of 1526. ^ While Gian Angelo was diplomatically active against the Spaniards, the Castellan of Musso was waging a guerilla war against them. This daring soldier gave so much trouble to the Imperial leader, de Leva, that the latter resolved to make peace with him. Gian Giacomo, who always had an eye to his own interests, agreed all the more willingly to de Leva's offer as the League was falling to pieces. He entered, without scruple, into the service of the Emperor, who recognised him by patent, on October 31st, 1528, as ^ The Pope in returning thanks for the congratulations of the College, referred to this ; see the *brief of March 26, 1560, to the Collegium iuriscons. Mediol. (Arm. 43, t. 10, n. 136, Papal Secret Archives). Concerning C. Ruini cf. Fantuzzi, VII., 230 seq. ; Savigny, Gesch. des rom. Rechts, VI., 426. 2 C/. SusTA, Pius IV., 12 seq. ^ See ihid., 13-14. Cj. Mijller, 231.
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LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
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HISTORY OF THE POPES VOL. XV
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o^^^ T H e \%^ HISTORY OF THE POP F
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CONTENTS OF VOLUME XV. Collections
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viii ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS IN VO
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X COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Aumale,
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XU COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Carcere
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xiv COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Episto
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xvi COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS HUgers
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xviii COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Lowe
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XX COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Pieylin
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Xxii COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Sdgmi
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XXIV COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS Verga
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XXVI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Non-observa
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XXVlll TABLE OF CONTENTS. A.D. ....
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XXX TABLE OF CONTENTS Complete conv
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XXxii TABLE OF CONTENTS. A.D. Offic
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XXXIV TABLE OF CONTENTS. :Morone ar
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LIST OF UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS IN AP
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XXXVlll AUTHOR S PREFACE. for the f
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Xl INTRODUCTION. diplomatic relatio
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Xlii INTRODUCTION. the more necessa
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Xliv INTRODUCTION. having been made
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xlvi INTRODUCTION. original documen
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XiVlll INTRODUCTION. led the Cathol
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2 HISTORY OF THE POPES. seemed to b
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4 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had given h
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6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. be followed
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8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In his decr
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. 10 HISTORY OF THE POPES. France c
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12 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Duke Cosim
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^ 14 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Lenoncou
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l6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. once on th
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Page 72 and 73: 20 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The Spania
Page 74 and 75: 22 HISTORY OF THE POPES. du Bellay
Page 76 and 77: 24 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Carafa, ho
Page 78 and 79: 26 HISTORY OF THE POPES. made up hi
Page 80 and 81: 28 lilSTORV OF THE POPES. Carpi and
Page 82 and 83: 30 HISTORY OF THE POPES. von Thurm,
Page 84 and 85: 32 HISTORY OF THE POPES. influence
Page 86 and 87: 34 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Madruzzo,
Page 88 and 89: 36 HISTORY OF THE POPES. to keep on
Page 90 and 91: .38 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on his be
Page 92 and 93: 40 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Spanish pa
Page 94 and 95: 42 HISTORY OF THE POPES. if they fl
Page 96 and 97: 44 HISTORY OF THE POPES. city again
Page 98 and 99: 46 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Farnese, o
Page 100 and 101: 48 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The old op
Page 102 and 103: 50 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Philip ; t
Page 104 and 105: 52 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In the aft
Page 106 and 107: 54 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ^ We posse
Page 108 and 109: 56 HISTORY OF THE POPES. dition to
Page 110 and 111: 58 HISTORY OF THE POPES. It was mor
Page 112 and 113: 60 HISTORY OF THE POPES. concerning
Page 114 and 115: 62 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and declar
Page 116 and 117: 64 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of his sov
Page 118 and 119: CHAPTER II. Previous Life and Chara
Page 122 and 123: 70 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Marquis of
Page 124 and 125: 72 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Angelo, as
Page 126 and 127: 74 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On his ret
Page 128 and 129: 76 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had to pas
Page 130 and 131: 78 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Emperor di
Page 132 and 133: 80 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of his sho
Page 134 and 135: 82 HISTORY OF THE POPES. for the at
Page 136 and 137: 84 HISTORY OF THE POPES. for.i He w
Page 138 and 139: 86 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Venetian a
Page 140 and 141: 88 HISTORY OF THE POPES. were in no
Page 142 and 143: go HISTORY OF THE POPES. preferred
Page 144 and 145: 92 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Pius IV. v
Page 146 and 147: CHAPTER III The Pope's Relatives. C
Page 148 and 149: 96 HISTORY OF THE POPES. already me
Page 150 and 151: 98 HISTORY OF THE POPES. very soon.
Page 152 and 153: 100 HISTORY OF THE POPES. affection
Page 154 and 155: 102 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Gabrio Se
Page 156 and 157: . 104 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Cardina
Page 158 and 159: I06 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had the e
Page 160 and 161: I08 HISTORY OF THE POPES. religious
Page 162 and 163: no HISTORY OF THE POPES. wrote on J
Page 164 and 165: 112 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Cardinal
Page 166 and 167: 114 HISTORY OF THE POPES. head fort
Page 168 and 169: Il6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. He bore i
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Il8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. his court
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120 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and in sp
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122 HISTORY OF THE POPES. little of
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124 HISTORY OF THE POPES. defection
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126 HISTORY OF THE POPES. from when
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128 HISTORY OF THE POPES. extraordi
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130 HISTORY OF THE POPES. city of t
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132 HISTORY OF THE POPES. capitulat
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134 HISTORY OF THE POPES. interests
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136 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Paul IV.,
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138 HISTORY OF THE POPES. although
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140 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In this s
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142 HISTORY OF THE POPES. with the
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144 HISTORY OF THE POPES. announced
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146 HISTORY OF THE POPES. their dis
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— 148 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of th
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150 HISTORY OF THE POPES, his disfa
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152 HISTORY OF THE POPES. which he
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154 HISTORY OF THE POPES, avail ; a
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156 HISTORY OF THE POPES. been gran
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158 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Tonina wa
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l60 HISTORY OF THE POPES. father, F
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l62 HISTORY OF THE POPES. justice w
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. 164 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ness an
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l66 HISTORY OF THE POPES. protectin
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l68 HISTORY OF THE POPES. salvation
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170 HISTORY OF THE POPES. he appear
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172 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on a litt
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174 HISTORY OF THE POPES. grief, on
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176 HISTORY OF THE POPES. as an onl
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178 HISTORY OF THE POPES. From this
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l80 HISTORY OF THE POPES. IV. had,
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l82 HISTORY OF THE POPES. first, by
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184 HISTORY OF THE POPES. in the di
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l86 HISTORY OF THE POPES. but never
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l88 HISTORY OF THE POPES. all in co
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IQO HISTORY OF THE POPES. quite imp
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192 HISTORY OF THE POPES. several o
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194 HISTORY OF THE POPES. reported
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196 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and would
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igS HISTORY OF THE POPES. it in han
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200 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ambassado
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202 HISTORY OF THE POPES. received
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204 HISTORY OF THE POPES. othei cit
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206 HISTORY OF THE POPES. and himse
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208 HISTORY OF THE POPES. it was of
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210 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of the Co
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212 HISTORY OF THE POPES. This jubi
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214 HISTORY OF THE POPES. cal and g
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CHAPTER VI. The Mission of Commendo
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2l8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. the bull
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220 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On Januar
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222 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Ferdinand
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224 HISTORY OF THE POPES. amplified
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226 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Commendon
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228 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had still
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230 HISTORY OF THE POPES. with grea
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232 HISTORY OF THE POPES. no time i
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234 HISTORY OF THE POPES. his stay
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236 HISTORY OF THE POPES. • Verde
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238 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Munich Co
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240 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on June 4
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242 HISTORY OF THE POPES. therefore
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244 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on March
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246 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ^ the ref
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248 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On March
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250 HISTORY OF THE POPES. tions.^ H
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252 HISTORY OF THE POPES. On April
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^ 254 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Pope co
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256 HISTORY OF THE POPES. had decid
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258 HISTORY OF THE POPES. announced
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26o HISTORY OF THE POPES. of contin
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262 HISTORY OF THE POPES. busily em
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CHAPTER VIII. Reopening of the Coun
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2 66 HISTORY OF THE POPES. debated
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268 HISTORY OF THE POPES. bishop of
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270 HISTORY OF THE POPES. be given
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272 HISTORY OF THE POPES. It then h
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274 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The Bened
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276 HISTORY OF THE POPES. the legat
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278 HISTORY OF THE POPES. current o
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28o HISTORY OF THE POPES. which cam
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282 HISTORY OF THE POPES. belong, h
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284 HISTORY OF THE POPES. After the
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286 HISTORY OF THE POPES. During th
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288 HISTORY OF THE POPES. ^ aims of
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290 HISTORY OF THE POPES. legates,
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292 HISTORY OF THE POPES. to obtain
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294 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Visconti
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296 HISTORY OF THE POPES. It was re
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298 HISTORY OF THE POPES. sacrifice
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300 HISTORY OF THE POPES. same time
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302 HISTORY OF THE POPES. others al
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304 HISTORY OF THE POPES. the legat
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306 HISTORY OF THE POPES. commissio
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308 HISTORY OF THE POPES. against t
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310 HISTORY OF THE POPES. the Emper
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312 HISTORY OF THE POPES. In the me
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314 HISTORY OF THE POPES. peror ; o
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3l6 HISTORY OF THE POPES. which was
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3l8 HISTORY OF THE POPES. pension,
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320 HISTORY OF THE POPES. sentiment
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322 HISTORY OF THE POPES. him, and
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324 HISTORY OF THE POPES. demand fo
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326 HISTORY OF THE POPES. should re
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2 ^ CHAPTER X. The Concluding Sessi
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330 HISTORY OF THE POPES. in German
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332 HISTORY OF THE POPES. on June 8
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334 HISTORY OF THE POPES. mine the
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336 HISTORY OF THE POPES. extreme t
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338 HISTORY OF THE POPES. chapters
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340 HISTORY OF THE POPES. general r
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' dom 342 HISTORY OF THE POPES. por
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344 HISTORY OF THE POPES. legates w
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346 HISTORY OF THE POPES. but that
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34^ HISTORY OF THE POPES. desired b
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350 HISTORY OF THE POPES. Morone, w
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352 HISTORY OF THE POPES. why Pius
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354 HISTORY OF THE POPES. when pass
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356 HISTORY OF THE POPES. violently
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358 HISTORY OF THE POPES. bestowal
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360 HISTORY OF THE POPES. were subm
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362 HISTORY OF THE POPES. of the gr
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364 HISTORY OF THE POPES. in peace
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CHAPTER XI Significance of the Coun
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368 HISTORY OF THE POPES. that the
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370 HISTORY OF THE POPES. that the
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372 HISTORY OF THE POPES. The abuse
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^ 374 HISTORY OF THE POPES. his pow
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376 HISTORY OF THE POPES. as possib
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37^ HISTORY OF THE POPES. however,
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APPENDIX, PRELIMINARY NOTICE. The f
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APPENDIX. 383 Monte, Madruzzo, Savc
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APPENDIX. 385 Crispi 13 ; Cr. del M
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APPENDIX. 387 57. (Tuesday, 28 Nov.
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APPENDIX. 389
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APPENDIX. 391 report, and penetrate
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APPENDIX. 393 per haver qualche chi
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APPENDIX. 395 molt' allegramentc ;
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APPENDIX. 397 militie S*^' Michaeli
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APPENDIX. 399 orbis et Ecclesie sca
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APPENDIX. 401 Presentetur. B. Ameri
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APPENDIX. 403 13. Consistory of 3 M
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APPENDIX. 405 tutti e tre fuori di
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APPENDIX. 407 vedera con qiiesta al
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APPENDIX. 409 egli facesse il quart
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APPENDIX. 411 mente ; et Sua S^^ 1'
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APPENDIX. 413 di Penitentiaria et d
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APPENDIX. 415 ponti che non sono an
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APPENDIX. 417 by word of mouth, a j
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APPENDIX. 419 considerat, liberalit
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APPENDIX. 421 indictio of the Counc
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APP'ENDIX. 423 Mo substantial chang
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attonito et quorsum isthaec tendere
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APPENDIX. 427 Inter multas praecipa
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APPENDIX. 429 lum praebere : et ant
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432 INDEX OF NAMES. Boncompagni, Ug
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434 Corgna, Ascanio della (nephew o
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436 INDEX OF NAMES. Grimani, Giovan
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438 Medici, Chiara de' (sister of P
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440 Ricci, Cardinal, 6 n. 5, 14, 24
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44^ Violante d'Alife, see Alife. Vi
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