5.2 Perennials

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
Helianthus annuus L.
common sunflower, grand soleil, fleure de soleil, tournesol
ann. Jul-Aug 1-3 m N(D)
Value for honey: HP2 16 ; H yield usually 30 kg/colony/seas
50%, up to 60% (in hot areas) 17 ; N sugar concentration
together 52; N secretion highest during first 10 days of bloo
daily exposure to light 17 ; one of the few plants said to
production 90 ; extra-floral nectaries are also visited.
Honey: yellow or golden in colour; classed as amber; „gran
grain; flavour is mild, characteristic; aroma fairly strong" an
Notes: gummy secretion from flower heads may be collect
deep moisture-retentive and nitrogen-rich soil preferred 1
bronze flowers, each having 100-2000 florets; found throug
bottomlands and other rich soil in Man. and beyond Can. li
to waste land etc. E. to Que., N.B., N.S. 23 .
Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.
Prairie sunflower
ann. late Jul-early Sep 180 cm
Value for honey: N sugar concentration 49%; in certain a
this in preference to Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clove
sites were neglected by bees, while those in moist soil in the
to bees 9° .
Honey: probably similar to H. annuus (common sunflower).
Notes: sometimes grown as an ornamental; naturalized from
roadsides, along railroads and in waste land, Man. 23 and dou
Heliotropium curassavicum L.
seaside heliotrope, heliotrope, heliotrope de Curcao
ann. Jul-Sep 15 cm creeping
Value for honey: very attractive to bees 35 ; this is an impor
common 72 .
Notes: creeping and forms a mat; small white or blue fl
withstands seaside conditions; useful ground cover, especially
Iberis umbellata L.
globe candy-tuft, thlapsi des jardiniers, teraspic d'etd
ann. Jul-Sep 40 cm NP 36
Notes: sow at intervals and remove pods for continuous a
appear in compact clusters in several colours; not fragrant.