5.2 Perennials

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
Honey: light in colour; tastes slightly of lemon 17 .
Notes: traditionally used in Europe for rubbing inside
swarms 35 ; some shade, moist soil; waste or cultivated gro
Wisc. and beyond Can. limits 23 .
Echium vulgare L.
viper's bugloss, blue-weed, blue thistle, blue devil, viperine,
bienn. -37 ° to -28 ° C Jun-Sep 20-80 cm
Value for honey: HP6 16 ; N sugar concentration 17-43%,
important source where it is common 78 (e.g. common in s
plantagineum (called salvation Jane by beekeepers in Au
source in Australia as well as an invasive weed in pastures.
Honey: white to light amber in colour 16 ; dull in appearan
fine grain 91 ; delicate but flat flavour.
Notes: considered an invasive weed in some areas 3 ; seeds ea
is sown on railway embankments and road verges to in
Germany) 35 ; roadsides, dry fields and waste land, often an o
Ont., S. to beyond Can. limits 23 ; introduced; see Table 18.
Eschscholzia californica Cham.
California poppy, poppy, eschscholtzie de Californie, pavot d
ann. Jul-frost 60 cm (N)P 36
Value for honey: probably only yields N erratically or in sm
Value for pollen: abundant P, relished by bees 35 ; valuable f
Notes: these do well along coast as they tolerate salt spray; w
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench 51
(syn. Fagopyrum vulgare Hill; Polygonum fagopyrum L
saggittatum Gilib.) 51
buckwheat, notch seeded buckwheat, sarrasin, ble noir
ann. Jul-Aug 1 m N(P)
Value for honey: HP3/5 16 ; H yield is variable, but if co
strong colony will store 3-4 kg/ha/day and 25 kg/ha may be s
in an exceptional season 35 ; some beekeepers claim that 30
flow is copious for 2-3 weeks, but 70% of the sugar is s
flowering 1 '; N flow is usually between 0900-1400h 72 ; N
from 7-48% 17 ; bees may become "angry" in the afternoon w
flow and quality are strongly affected by environmental con
phosphorus in the soil improves sugar concentration by 20-50
Cool moist conditions at flowering are best, and