5.2 Perennials

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
Planting fields of early maturing B. rapa L. ssp. oleif
of later flowering B. napus ssp. napus cvs. will prolong the
certain fields will also lengthen bloom and increase H yields.
Canola plants selected for high seed yield will also hav
P sources since the average number of flowers per pl
concentration and production also increase 86 . Most varieties
Canada have low erucic and eicosenioic acid (canola). C
popular var. and is grown extensively in the Peace River re
now becoming an important crop in Ont. See Table 18.
Campanula medium L.
Canterbury bells, violette de Marie, campanule, carillon
ann. bienn. May-Jul 0.6-1.2 m NP
Value for honey: beekeeper in Victoria, B.C. claimed this w
than catmint (Nepeta cataria ) 72 ; most Campanula seem to
pyramidalis L. (chimney bellflower), C. carpatica Jacq. (Ca
persicifolia L. (peach-leaved bellflower) 35 .
Notes: culture may be difficult in some areas of Canada; lo
flowers, usually blue or white.
Carthamnus tinctorius L.
safflower, false saffron, bastard saffron, carthame des teinturic
ann. 1 m NP
Value for honey: H yield of 12 kg/colony/season re
bees/yd 2 reported on field of safflower 72 ; N sugar concentr
higher than neighbouring alfalfa fide; yields N very freely
remained above 23% from 0800-1600h, and honeybees for
peak activity between 0900-1100h 4 .
Honey: rather dark with a good to unpleasant flavour; strong
Notes: cultivated crop, grown for oil; needs summer heat t
heads yield an important yellow dye.
Centaurea L. (see individual spp. for more detail)
cornflower, bluet, knapweed, thistle, star-thistle, centaur&
ann. (sometimes per.) May-Sep N(P)
Value for honey: HP3 16 ; all are generally considered to be re
(knapweed, Spanish buttons, centaur& noire) and C. repen
both considered valuable to the beekeeper but are serious pest
Value for pollen: minor value for P.
Honey: light amber in colour; granulation soft; thin, som