5.2 Perennials

Recommendations

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PERENNIALS Honey: see Salvia. Notes: spikes of deep purple flowers with reddish bracts; known only in cultivation. Satureja montana L. winter savory, sarriette vivace, savour& per. -23° to -21° C Jul-Oct Value for honey: HP3 (for Satureja) 16 ; very attractive to honeybees for N; may be more attractive than S. hortensis L. (summer savory, sarriette annuelle) 72 . Honey: similar to thyme (Thymus) H 16; and is said to be greenish in colour 17 . Notes: flowers are pinkish white to purple; a shrubby culinary herb; Clinopodium vulgare L. (wild basil savory) is also attractive, but is less commonly cultivatee. Scabiosa caucasica Bieb. Caucasian scabious per. -50° to -29° C Jul-Sep 45-75 cm Value for honey: yields well only in moist conditions; good N plant 35 . Notes: light blue flowers. Scilla siberica Andr. Siberian squill, seine de Sibdrie per. (bulb) -50° to -29° C Apr-May 15 cm NP 36 Notes: an excellent choice for naturalizing; will self-seed and eventually produce a carpet of deep blue blooms. Scrophularia marilandica L. Maryland figwort, Simpson honey plant, carpenter's square per. -29° to -23° C Aug-Oct 0.9-3 m N(P) Value for honey: HP6 (for Scrophularia L.) 16; excellent reputation as a N source that goes back at least a century (i.e. in the 1880's beekeepers planted figwort on a field scale) 72 ; said to bloom for about 9 weeks when little else is blooming ?`. Honey: is light and of excellent quality; little aroma 16 Notes: not usually grown as an ornamental; rich woods and thickets in sw. Me., sw. Que. 23 and beyond Can. limits. Sedum spectabile Boreau showy stonecrop, showy sedum, orpine per. -37° to -29° C Sep-Oct 30-45 cm Value for honey: attracts bees to some extent 35 . Notes: showiest of all the sedums; flat flower clusters, composed of many rosy pink flowers; sun or light shade; rocky or dryish soils. Sidalcea candida A. Gray white checker mallow, prairies mallow per. -23° to -15° C Jul-Aug 90-120 cm Value for honey: very attractive to bees. Notes: miniature hollyhock-like, white to pinkish flowers. 61
62 PERENNIALS Solidago L. goldenrod, verge d'or, verge d'orde per. -37° to -23° C 15-180 cm N(P) Value for honey: HP4/5 16; different spp. and var. vary widely in their value to the beekeeper, and there is little reliable information on the subject 72 . The good reputation of goldenrods among beekeepers may be largely due to plant abundance rather than high N secretion of individual plants . Species suited to moist conditions do not appear to be attractive to bees when grown on dry sites"; later flowering spp. are said to be more attractive 50 and this is supported by several P.E.I. beekeepers a ; S. canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) and S. occidentalis (western goldenrod) are two of the most important spp. to beekeepers in Canada 72 . Honey: is deep golden in colour, thick, and granulates very quickly; aroma is strong and usually very pleasant 72 . Notes: about 125 spp. belong to this genus and most are native to N. America and many are common in every province of Canada"; much more ornamental use could be made of this group in N. American gardens since the flowers are very attractive and late flowering 5 ; plants may become weedy if the soil is too rich; more susceptible to frosts than Aster (aster) 7'; undoubtedly most goldenrods are significant N and P sources, but recorded information is scarce; goldenrod is often mistakenly considered a major cause of hayfever 95 ; see Table 18. Solidago canadensis L. (syn. Aster canadensis Kuntze; Doria canadensis Lunen; Solidago altissima L.; S. lepida DC.; Aster lepidus Kuntze)b Canadian goldenrod, Canada goldenrod, verge d'or du Canada per. -37° to -29° C Jul-Aug 30-120 cm NP Value for honey: HP4/5 (for Solidago L.) 16; N sugar concentration 31% 94; honey sacs of collecting bees were noted to be large (Colo.) 4 ; bees appear to work mainly on plants growing on moist soil and plants in dry sites were largely ignored"; see Solidago. Honey: see Solidago. Notes: extremely showy plants; deep yellow flower-heads compactly arranged on a branching one-sided terminal panicle; stems clustered or solitary, very variable with several regionally more or less differentiated types which have been considered to represent different spp.; typical spp. (i.e. S. canadensis L.) is found naturally in moist to dry thickets, roadsides, clearings, slopes, Nfld. to Man., S. to N.S., N.E. and etc. 23 ; ssp.. elongata (Nutt.) Keck. is found naturally in B.C. 95 ; var. gilvocanescens Rybd1. 2-3 23 ; var. hageri Fem. 23 is (yellowish-gray) is found in Sask., E. to Mich. and beyond naturally found in sw. Que. to Mich., S. to w. N.E. and beyond Can. range 23 ; see Solidago. a Cosgrave, L. (1985). Personal communication. b Cronquist, A. (1955). Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, Part 5. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 343 pp.
Page 1 and 2: 36 5.2 Perennials PERENNIALS Agasta
Page 3 and 4: 38 Anemone blanda Schott R. Kotschy
Page 5 and 6: 40 PERENNIALS Lindl. (w. Nfld., Gas
Page 7 and 8: 42 PERENNIALS Aurina saxatilis (L)
Page 9 and 10: 44 PERENNIALS Claytonia virginica L
Page 11 and 12: 46 PERENNIALS Dictamnus albus L. bu
Page 13 and 14: 48 PERENNIALS Honey: usually mixed
Page 15 and 16: 50 PERENNIALS Helianthus salicifoli
Page 17 and 18: 52 PERENNIALS Liatris pychnostchya
Page 19 and 20: 54 waste land, locally N. to N.E.,
Page 21 and 22: 56 PERENNIALS Mentha spicata L. (sy
Page 23 and 24: 58 and beyond Can. lirnits 23 . PER
Page 25: 60 Notes: includes about 250 spp. o
Page 29 and 30: 64 PERENNIALS on calcareous ledges
Page 31 and 32: 66 PERENNIALS Trifolium repens L. w
Page 33 and 34: 5. DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS 5.1 Annua
Page 35 and 36: 18 Value for pollen: P protein is h
Page 37 and 38: 20 Honey: is greenish-yellow to dar
Page 39 and 40: 22 Coriandrum sativum L. coriander,
Page 41 and 42: 24 This is one of the few plants th
Page 43 and 44: 26 Isatis tinctoria L. dyer's woad,
Page 45 and 46: 28 vanilla 16 ; excellent 35 . Note
Page 47 and 48: 30 Origanum majorana L. (syn. Major
Page 49 and 50: 32 flavour 16 . Notes: self-seeds f
Page 51 and 52: 34 form); is a legume and so fixes

5.2 Perennials

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