(CDM-NMB) Version 02

PROPOSED NEW METHODOLOGY: BASELINE (CDM-NMB) - Version 02 

CDM – Executive Board page 1 

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM 

PROPOSED NEW METHODOLOGY: BASELINE (CDM-NMB) 

Version 02 - in effect as of: 15 July 2005 

CONTENTS 

PROPOSED NEW METHODOLOGY: BASELINE (CDM-NMB) 

A. Methodology title and summary description 

B. Applicability/ project activity 

C. Project boundary 

D. Baseline scenario 

E. Additionality 

F. Baseline emissions 

G. Project activity emissions 

H. Leakage 

I. Emission reductions 

J. Changes required for methodology implementation in 2 nd and 3 rd crediting periods (if relevant) 

K. Selected baseline approach from paragraph 48 of the CDM modalities and procedures 

L. Other information



SECTION A. Methodology title and summary description 

Methodology title: 

>> Baseline Methodology for Carbon Dioxide Mitigation Projects at Dry Process Cement Plants 

Summary description: 

>> The new methodology bundles a number of CO2 emissions reduction mitigation options that 

can be undertaken at cement plants. The mitigation options include increased use of blended 

cement, substitution of fossil fuels with alternative fuels, waste heat recovery for power 

generation, and energy efficiency. Such bundled mitigation options are envisioned to be 

identified and implemented at cement plants in response to an emissions reduction program 

initiated by a company, industry association, government or other entity. 

The new methodology combines elements from four approved methodologies and adds a new 

component related to energy efficiency to create a new methodology that covers a group of 

mitigation options that can be taken in cement plants. The new methodology covers mitigation 

project activities that include one or more of these mitigation options bundled under a program of 

activities such as a voluntary agreement program, a greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation program, 

or a target-setting program. 

If this methodology is a based on a previous submission, please state the previous reference 

number (NMXXXX/AMXXXX) here: 

>> This baseline methodology is based on elements from the following methodologies: 

o ACM0003 “Emissions reduction through partial substitution of fossil fuels with 

alternative fuels in cement production” 

o ACM0004 “Consolidated monitoring methodology for waste gas and/or heat for power 

generation” 

o ACM0005 “Monitoring Methodology for the Production of Blended Cement” 

o AM0024 “Monitoring methodology for greenhouse gas reductions through waste heat 

recovery and utilization for power generation at cement plants” 

SECTION B. Applicability/ project activity 

Methodology procedure: 

>> Defined project activities can be undertaken in response to a program initiated by a third party 

(e.g. government, industry association). This methodology applies to defined project activities 

undertaken by a single dry process cement plant that involve one or more of the following 

categories of measures: 

1) Blended cement: Measures that increase the share of additives (i.e. reduce the share of 

clinker 1 ) in the production of cement types beyond current practices in the country. 

1 Clinker is produced through a controlled high-temperature burn in a kiln of a measured blend of calcareous rocks 

(usually limestone) and lesser quantities of siliceous, aluminous, and ferrous materials. Cement plants grind clinker 

and add a variety of additives to produce cement.



Additives are defined as materials blended with clinker to produce blended cement types 

and include fly ash, gypsum, slag, etc. 

2) Use of alternative fuels: Measures that partially substitute fossil fuels with alternative 

fuels such as solvents, tires, renewable biomass, and other wastes in cement 

manufacture. 2 

3) Energy efficiency: Measures that increase the energy efficiency of a plant, such as energy 

efficiency in kilns, grinding, finish grinding, and motor and drive systems. 

4) Electricity production: Measures that use waste heat gas generated in the clinker making 

process to produce electricity. 

The methodology is applicable assuming certain conditions. Most essentially, adequate data must 

be available on cement types in the market. For the blended cement measures, the output of the 

project activity plant should be domestically sold and excludes export of blended cement. For the 

use of alternative fuels measures, renewable biomass 3 can be used provided renewable biomass 

residues are in surplus and leakages in other uses of the renewable biomass will not occur. For 

both the blended cement and use of alternative fuels measures the amount of additives/alternative 

fuels available for the project is at least 1.5 times the amount required to meet the consumption 

of all users consuming the same additives/alternative fuels, i.e. the project and other additives 

/alternative fuel users. 

In situations where both energy efficiency and electricity production measures are implemented 

within the CDM project and electricity production projects are used for captive power production, 

the baseline for electricity generation for the energy efficiency measures should be the emissions 

after the implementation of the electricity production project. The electricity produced must be 

used within the cement works where the proposed project activity is located and excess 

electricity is supplied to the grid; it is assumed that there is no electricity export to the grid in the 

baseline scenario (in case of existing captive power plant). For electricity production measures, 

the recycling of waste heat in the baseline scenario should be only within the boundary of the 

clinker making process. 

Explanation/justification: 

>> Previously accepted methodologies focused on a single aspect of the actions included in this 

methodology. This methodology allows for the simultaneous introduction of multiple measures 

or actions in a single project, while accounting for the interaction of the various measures on the 

total reduction of GHG emissions. This will avoid double counting of emission reductions. For 

this reason the system boundaries will encompass the total production facilities (see Section C) 

of a cement plant. 

2 CERs are calculated on the basis of the difference between the carbon emissions factor of the alternative fuels and 

the fossil fuel that is replaced, and the amount of fossil fuel replaced and alternative fuel used. 

3 Renewable biomass residues are such that they do not contribute to global warming. The Executive Board may 

further define renewable biomass based on recommendations from the Methodology Panel and the afforestation and 

reforestation working group (AR WG).



SECTION C. Project Boundary 


>> The project boundary includes the cement production facilities, on-site power generation 

facilities, and generation sources connected to the grid that serve the cement production facilities 

for the participating cement plant. GHG emission sources include direct emissions at the cement 

plant due to fuel combustion, direct emissions due to calcination of limestone, and indirect 

emissions from fossil fuel combustion in grid-connected power plants due to electricity use at the 

cement plant. The participating cement plant must use a dry process rotary kiln for clinker 

production and use suspension preheaters. 

Project participants shall account only the following emission sources for the project activity: 

• Direct emissions at the cement plant due to: 

o Fuel combustion for firing the kiln (including supplemental fuels used in the precalciner); 

o Fuel combustion for processing (including drying) of solid fuels, raw materials, and 

additives; 

o Fuel combustion for on-site generation of electricity (if applicable). 

o Direct emissions due to calcination of limestone (i.e. calcium carbonate and magnesium 

carbonate, if present in the raw meal). 

• Indirect emissions from fossil fuel combustion in power plants in the grid due to electricity 

use at the cement plant, including electricity consumption for: 

o Crushing and grinding the raw materials used for clinker production; 

o Driving the kiln and kiln fans; 

o Finish grinding of cement; 

o Processing of additives. 

The power grid or plant from which the cement plant purchases electricity and its losses will be 

considered in determining indirect emissions. Any transport related emissions for the delivery of 

additional additives and alternative fuels will be included in the emissions related to the project 

activity as leakage. 

Emissions reductions from transport of raw materials for clinker production are not taken into 

account as a conservative simplification. 

Emissions sources included in or excluded from the project boundary 

Baseline 

Source Gas Included? Justification / Explanation 

CO2 Yes 

Fuels CH4 No considered to be negligible 

N2O No considered to be negligible 

CO2 Yes 

Electricity CH4 No considered to be negligible 


CO2 Yes 

CH4 No considered to be negligible 

N2O No considered to be negligible



Project Activity 

Fuels 

Electricity 

CO2 Yes 



CO2 Yes 




>> Only CO2 emissions are included. Changes in CH4 and N2O emissions from combustion 

processes are considered to be negligible and excluded because the differences in the baseline 

and project activity are not substantial. This assumption simplifies the methodology and is 

conservative. 

D. Baseline Scenario 


>> The baseline scenario and baseline emissions are developed using a Common Baseline 

Emissions Factor Approach that includes a projection of a historical weighted average emissions 

rate (emissions per ton of cement) of a representative sample of existing cement plants in the 

region. 

An initial estimation of baseline emissions is made by multiplying the historical weighted 

average emissions rate by the projected cement production output of the cement plant for the 

project validity period. Actual baseline emission will be based on monitored data. 

Baseline emissions involve all CO2 emissions within the project boundary. These include: 

• Emissions from combustion of fossil fuel for clinker production 

• Emission from electricity consumption for operating of ventilators and motors for clinker 

production, processing of raw material, additives preparation, and grinding of cement. 

• Emissions from calcination of limestone 

The determination of the emission factor for the grid is calculated as in ACM0002. If the amount 

of grid electricity consumption in the baseline and project situation are similar, the grid emission 

factor does not need to be taken into account. 


>> The baseline scenario needs to reflect business-as-usual adoption trends for all four measures 

included in this methodology (use of alternative fuels, energy efficiency, blended cement, use of 

waste heat for power generation). 

The region for the baseline calculation needs to be clearly determined and justified by project 

participants. The default is the national market, but project participants can define a geographic 

region as the area where each of the following conditions are met: at least 75% of project activity 

plant’s cement production is sold (percentage of domestic sales only); includes at least five other



plants with the required published data; and the production in the region is at least four times the 

project activity plant’s output. Only domestically sold output is considered and any export of 

cement produced by the project activity plant are excluded in the estimation of emission 

reductions (ACM0005). 

Also for the Common Baseline Emissions Factor Approach, the time period to be used for 

selecting input data for setting baselines must be justified based on historical trends. In cases 

where (1) the rate of change in common baseline emission rate is steady, any reasonable 

historical period would be appropriate, (2) the rate has been steadily increasing or declining, a 

recent time period is to be preferred, (3) the rate has been changing randomly, the historical 

period needs to be long enough to minimize the uncertainty range, and (4) for an inflexion point 

exists due to some historical event, the historical period should not include the period prior to the 

occurrence of such an event. 4 

SECTION E. Additionality 


>> The additionality of the project activity shall be demonstrated and assessed using the latest 

version of the “Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality” agreed by the CDM 

Executive Board, which is available on the UNFCCC CDM web site 5 . 

For bundled mitigation projects using the Common Baseline Emissions Factor Approach, project 

proponents must demonstrate that there exist real and demonstrable barriers to the 

implementation of each of the measures. Such barriers may include, among others, technological 

barriers (e.g. a substantial research effort is required to implement the measure; lack of 

infrastructure for implementation of the technology), institutional barriers to project activity 

implementation (e.g. lack of access to financing), investment barriers (e.g. the IRR or NPV of the 

cement plant is lower in the project situation than in the existing situation), or market 

acceptability barriers (e.g. perception that high additive blended cement is of inferior quality, 

lack of awareness of customers on the use high additive blended cement). 

Project participants shall demonstrate that the identified barriers prevent potential project 

proponents from carrying out the proposed project activity if it is not registered as a CDM 

activity. The project participants shall provide transparent and documented evidence as 

illustrated in the “Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality”. 

In addition, project proponents shall use the common practice test to compare the results of the 

proposed bundled mitigation project to the trend among a representative sample of similar 

cement plants in the region chosen for the baseline. The level of penetration of the proposed 

mitigation options in similar applications can be used to determine the additionality of the 

proposed project. Those savings from the proposed project that are beyond common practice are 

4 Murtishaw S., Sathaye, J. and M. Lefranc (2005). “Spatial boundaries and temporal periods for setting greenhouse 

gas performance standards.” Energy Policy (In press) LBNL-54844. 

5 Please refer to http://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/approved.html



designated as additional. The common practice test provides a means for accounting for 

autonomous efficiency improvement, rebound effects, and planned replacements of equipment 

which would occur without the CDM project. 


>> The figure below illustrates this concept. The solid line indicates that for the representative 

sample of similar cement plants in the chosen region, the 5-year historical average annual growth 

rate in the emissions per tonne of cement between 2000 and 2005 was -2%. Among these plants, 

this improvement encompasses the emissions reductions associated with “common practice”, 

which could include some combination of adoption of energy efficiency measures, increased use 

of blended cement, use of waste heat for electricity generation, and use of alternative fuels in the 

kiln. This common practice rate is then projected into the future to the end of the project validity 

period (2010 in this example). The dashed line in the figure indicates the expected improvement 

from the proposed project, showing an annual average growth rate of -5%. Since the -2% growth 

rate is determined to be “common practice”, the use of partial or scaled additionality 6 would 

require a reduction of the claimed CERs by this amount. Thus, the additional project emissions 

rate is projected to be -3% per year. 

Carbon Intensity (kgC/t cement) 

290 

270 

250 

230 

210 

190 

170 

Historical Improvement 

(AAGR -2.0% ) 

Bundled Project Improvement 

(AAGR -5.0%) 

Baseline Improvement 

(AAGR -2.0% ) 

2000 2005 2010 

Historical and Projected Baseline Emissions Rate and Projected Project Emissions Rate for the 

Common Baseline Emissions Factor Approach 

SECTION F. Baseline emissions 

6 

Kartha, S., Lazarus, M., and Lefranc, M. 2005. “Market penetration metrics: tools for additionality assessment?” 

Climate Policy. pp. 145-163.




>> An initial estimation of baseline emissions is made by multiplying the historical weighted 

average emissions rate by the projected cement production output of the cement plant for the 

project validity period. Actual baseline emission will be based on monitored data. 

Baseline emissions involve all CO2 emissions within the project boundary. These include: 

• Emissions from combustion of fossil fuel for clinker production 

• Emission from electricity consumption for operating of fans, pumps, ventilators and 

motors for clinker production, processing of raw material, additives preparation, and 

grinding of cement. 

• Emissions from calcination of limestone 

The determination of the emission factor for the grid is calculated as in ACM0002. If the amount 

of grid electricity consumption in the baseline and project situation are similar, the grid emission 

factor does not need to be taken into account. 

The “Region” for the benchmark calculation needs to be clearly determined and justified by 

project participants. The default is the national market but project proponents can define a 

geographic region as the area where each of the following conditions are met: 

(i) at least 75% of project activity plant’s cement production is sold (percentage of 

domestic sales only) 

(ii) includes at least 5 other plants with the required published data 

(iii) the production in the region is at least four times the project activity plant’s output. 

Only domestically sold output is considered and any export of cement produced by the project 

activity plant are excluded in the estimation of emission reductions. 

Consumption of fuel and electricity are monitored for at least one year prior to the start of the 

CDM project activity. If monitored data to determine specific energy consumption by type of 

fuels are available for two or three years prior to the start of the project activity, the average may 

be taken in determining baseline emissions. 

Baseline emissions per tonne cement are determined below. Consumption of fuel and electricity 

are monitored for at least one year prior to the start of the CDM project activity. If monitored 

data to determine specific energy consumption by type of fuels are available for two or three 

years prior to the start of the project activity, the average may be taken in determining baseline 

emissions. 

The values to be used in the formulae below relating to clinker production, fossil fuel 

consumption and electricity consumption shall be obtained by monitoring the operation of the 

plant before the project activity is implemented. 

Baseline emissions involve: 

• Emissions from combustion of fossil fuel for: 

o clinker production



• Emission from electricity generation for 

o operating of ventilators and motors for clinker production 

o processing of raw material 

o additives preparation 

o grinding of cement. 

• Emissions from calcinations of limestone; 

BEC,y = (BEfossilfuel,y + BEelectricity,y + BEprocess,y) /C,y 

where: 

BECy = CO2 emissions per tonne of cement in baseline situation in year y (t 

CO2 /tonne cement) 

BEfossil_fuel,y = CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the project activity 

plant in year y (t CO2) 

BEelectricity,y = Electricity emissions in year y (t CO2) 

BEprocess,y = Process emissions from the calcinations of limestone in year y (t 

CO2) 

Cy = Annual production of cement in year y (kilotonnes of cement) 

The CO2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuel in year y are calculated as follows: 

BEfossil_fuel, y = [ ΣFFi_,y * EFFi] * 1000 

where: 

BEfossil_fuel,y = CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the project activity 

plant in year y (t CO2/) 

FFi_,y = Fossil fuel of type i consumed in year y (tonnes of fuel i) 

EFFi = Emission factor for fossil fuel i (tCO2/tonne of fuel) 

The CO2 emissions from electricity consumption in year y are calculated as follows: 

BEelectricity,y = PEelec_grid,y*EFgrid,y +PEelec_sg,y*EFsg_y 

Where: 

BEelectricity,y = Electricity emissions in year y (t CO2) 

BEelec_grid,y = Grid electricity in year y (MWh) 

EFgrid_y = Grid emission factor in year y(t CO2 /MWh) 

BEelec_sg_,y = Self generation of electricity in year y (MWh) 

EFsg_y = Emission factor for self generated electricity in year y (t CO2 

/MWh)



The determination of the emission factor for the grid is calculated as in ACM0002. In case the 

amount of grid electricity consumption in the baseline and project situation are similar, the grid 

emission factor does not need to be taken into account. 

The process emissions from clinker production in year y are calculated as follows: 

BEprocess,y = 0.785*(OutCaOy - InCaOy) + 1.092*(OutMgOy - InMgOy) / 1000 

where: 

BEcalcin,y = Emissions from the calcinations of limestone (t CO2) 

0.785 = Stoichiometric emission factor for CaO (t CO2 /t CaO) 

1.092 = Stoichiometric emission factor for MgO (t CO2 /t MgO) 

InCaO,y = CaO content (%) of the raw material * raw material quantity 

(tonnes) 

OutCaO,y = CaO content (%) of the clinker * clinker produced (tonnes) 

InMgO,y = MgO content (%) of the raw material * raw material quantity 

(tonnes) 

OutMgO,y = MgO content (%) of the clinker * clinker produced (tonnes) 


>> 

SETION G. Project activity emissions 


>> Project emissions include emissions from combustion of fossil fuel for clinker production and 

auxiliary fuels for the waste heat recovery boiler, if any; emissions from electricity consumption 

for operating of ventilators and motors for clinker production, processing of raw material, 

additives preparation, and grinding of cement; and emissions from calcination of limestone. An 

initial estimation of project emissions is made by multiplying the projected emissions rate by the 

projected cement production output of the cement plant for the project validity period. Actual 

project emission will be based on monitored data. 

Project emissions involve: 

• Emissions from combustion of fossil fuel for: 

o clinker production 

o auxiliary fuels for the waste heat recovery boiler, if any. 

• Emission from electricity generation for 

o operating of ventilators and motors for clinker production 

o processing of raw material 

o additives preparation 

o grinding of cement. 

• Emissions from calcinations of limestone;



PEC,y = (PEfossilfuel,y + PEelectricity,y + PEprocess,y) /C,y 

where: 

PECy = CO2 emissions per tonne of cement in the project activity plant in 

year y (t CO2 /tonne cement) 

PEfossil_fuel,y = CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the project activity 


PEelectricity,y = Electricity emissions in year y (t CO2) 

PEprocess = Process emissions from the calcinations of limestone (t CO2) 

Cy = Annual production of cement in year y (kilotonnes of cement) 

The CO2 emissions from combustion of fossil fuel in year y are calculated as follows: 

PEfossil_fuel, y = [ ΣFFi_,y * EFFi] * 1000 

where: 

PEfossil_fuel,y = CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the project activity 


FFi_,y = Fossil fuel of type i consumed in year y (tonnes of fuel i) 

EFFi = Emission factor for fossil fuel i (t CO2/tonne of fuel) 

The CO2 emissions from electricity consumption in year y are calculated as follows: 

PEelectricity,y = PEelec_grid,y*EFgrid,y +PEelec_sg,y*EFsg_y 

Where: 

PEelectricity,y = Electricity emissions in year y (t CO2) 

PEelec_grid,y = Grid electricity in year y (MWh) 

EFgrid_y = Grid emission factor in year y(t CO2 /MWh) 

PEelec_sg_,y = Self generation of electricity in year y (MWh) 

EFsg_y = Emission factor for self generated electricity in year y (t CO2 

/MWh) 

The determination of the emission factor for the grid is calculated as in ACM0002. In case the 

amount of grid electricity consumption in the baseline and project situation are similar, the grid 

emission factor does not need to be taken into account. 

The process emissions from clinker production in year y are calculated as follows: 

PEprocess,y = 0.785*(OutCaOy - InCaOy) + 1.092*(OutMgOy - InMgOy) / 1000 

where: 

PEcalcin,y = Emissions from the calcinations of limestone (t CO2 /tonne clinker)



0.785 = Stoichiometric emission factor for CaO (t CO2 /t CaO) 

1.092 = Stoichiometric emission factor for MgO (t CO2 /t MgO) 

InCaO,y = CaO content (%) of the raw material * raw material quantity 

(tonnes) 

OutCaO,y = CaO content (%) of the clinker * clinker produced (tonnes) 

InMgO,y = MgO content (%) of the raw material * raw material quantity 

(tonnes) 

OutMgO,y = MgO content (%) of the clinker * clinker produced (tonnes) 


>> 

SECTION H. Leakage 


>> Leakage involves emissions associated transport of raw materials, fuels, fuel substitutes, and 

blending materials. Emissions due to fuel use for the transport of raw materials (e.g. limestone, 

gypsum), coal (or other fuels) and additives (blending materials) from offsite locations to the 

project plant will change due to the implementation of the project. The transport related 

emissions for raw materials and fuels are likely to decrease. To keep the methodology 

conservative this change shall not be included. In the project activity, emissions due to 

transportation of additives and alternative fuels will increase. These emissions will be accounted 

as leakage. 

Transport-related emissions for additives and alternative fuels are calculated as below. 

Ladd/alt fuel_trans = [(TFcons * Dadd/alt fuel_source * TEF)* 1/Qadd/alt fuel*1/1000 + 

(ELEconveyor_add/alt fuel * EFgrid)*1/add/alt fuel,y] (2) 

where: 

Ladd/alt fuels_trans = Transport-related emissions per tonne of additives and/or 

alternative fuels (t CO2 /tonne of additive/alternative fuel) 

TFcons = Fuel consumption for the vehicle per kilometre (kg of 

fuel/kilometre) 

Dadd/alt fuel_source = Distance between the source of additive and/or alternative fuel and 

the project activity plant (km) 

TEF = Emission factor for transport fuel (kg CO2 /kg of fuel) 

ELEconveyor_add/alt fuel 

= Annual electricity consumption for conveyor system for additives 

(MWh) 

EFgrid = Grid electricity emission factor (tonnes of CO2/MWh) 

Qadd/alt fuel = Quantity of additive and/or alternative fuel carried in one trip per 

vehicle (tonnes of additive/alternative fuel)



Add/altfuel,y = Annual consumption of additives and/or alternative fuels in year y. 

(t of additives/alternative fuels) 

And leakage emissions per tonne of cement due to additional additives are determined by: 

Ly = Ladd_trans * [Ablend,y – Pblend,y] * cement,y (2.1) 

where: 

Ly = Leakage emissions for transport of additives (kilotonnes of CO2) 

Cement,y = Production of cement in year y (kilotonnes of cement) 

Ablend,y = Baseline share of additives per tonne of cement updated for year y 

(tonne of additives/tonne of cement) 

Pblend,y = Share of additives per tonne of cement in year y (tonne of 

additives/tonne of cement) 

Another possible leakage is due to the diversion of additives from existing uses. The project 

proponents shall demonstrate that additional amounts of additives used are surplus. If the project 

proponents do not substantiate x tonnes of additives used in the project activity are surplus, the 

project emissions reductions are reduced by the factor α, which is defined as: 

αy = x tonnes of additives in year y / total additional additives used in year y 


>> 

SECTION I. Emission reductions 


>> Project emissions reductions are the difference between the baseline weighted average 

projected CO2 emissions and the project activity emissions, accounting for leakage if necessary. 

For the project cement plant, both project and baseline emissions per tonne of cement will be 

defined. Total emission reduction are then calculated by multiplying the emission reduction per 

tonne of cement by the production of cement. 

Emissions reductions in year y are the difference in the CO2 emissions per tonne of cement in the 

baseline and in the project activity multiplied by the production of cement in year y. The 

emissions reductions are discounted for the percentage of additives for which surplus availability 

is not substantiated. 

ERy = { [BEC,y – PEC,y] * Cy + Ly } * (1 – αy) 

where: 

ERy = Emissions reductions in year y due to project activity (thousand 

tonnes of CO2) 

BEC,y = Baseline emissions per tonne of cement (t CO2 /tonnes of cement)



PEC,y = Project emissions per tonne of cement in year y (t CO2 /tonnes of 

cement) 

Cy = Cement production in year y (thousand tonnes) 


>> 

SECTION J. Changes required for methodology implementation in 2 nd and 3 rd crediting periods 

(if relevant / optional) 


>>The proposed methodology uses the additionality tool in order to determine an appropriate 

baseline scenario (based on the common production characteristics in the country or selected 

region). This determination is based on common practices, investment or barrier analysis. Given 

that the circumstances pertaining to the analysis of the baseline may change over time, all 

analyses of the baseline and additionality criteria should be conducted at the end of each 

crediting period to verify if the assumptions on the original baseline determination remains valid 

and whether the project activity remains additional. This may lead to a change in the baseline for 

following crediting periods, if such crediting were sought. If this analysis would demonstrate that 

part of the project activity are no long additional the baseline will be adapted, and no crediting 

would occur. 


>>The approach for estimating the credits for a 2 nd or 3 rd crediting period is conservative, as the 

method would not allow for automatic crediting of the CERs for a longer period than the 

commitment period. A revised baseline would allow for to only receive credits for those 

activities that are still considered additional when compared to the common production practices 

at the time of renewal (i.e. end of the previous crediting period) for the selected country or region. 

SECTION K. Selected baseline approach from paragraph 48 of the CDM modalities and 

procedures 

Choose One (delete others): 

XX Existing actual or historical emissions, as applicable; 

Emissions from a technology that represents an economically attractive course of action, taking 

into account barriers to investment; 

The average emissions of similar project activities undertaken in the previous five years, in 

similar social, economic, environmental and technological circumstances, and whose performance 

is among the top 20 per cent of their category. 

Explanation/justification of choice: 

>> 

SECTION I. Other Information 

Explanation/justification:



>> 

-.-.-.-

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