Alaska Tuberculosis Program Manual - Epidemiology - State of Alaska
Alaska Tuberculosis Program Manual - Epidemiology - State of Alaska Alaska Tuberculosis Program Manual - Epidemiology - State of Alaska
Antituberculosis Drug Ethambutol (EMB) Rifamate® (INH and RIF) Rifater® (INH, RIF, PZA) Side Effects/ Adverse Reactions Optic neuritis Rash See comments under individual drugs above Monitoring Comments Baseline tests of visual acuity (Snellen chart) and color discrimination (Ishihara tests) At each monthly visit, patients should be questioned regarding possible visual disturbances, including blurred vision or scotomata Monthly testing of visual acuity and color discrimination is recommended for Patients taking doses >15–25 mg/kg Patients receiving EMB for >2 months Patients with renal insufficiency ALASKA T U B E R C U L O S I S P R O G R A M M A N U A L Treatment of Tuber culosis Disease 6.19 Revised November 2012 Optic neuritis may be unilateral; check each eye separately. Patients should be instructed to contact their physician or public health clinic immediately if they experience a change in vision. EMB should be discontinued immediately and permanently if there are any signs of visual toxicity. Definitions of abbreviations: ALT = alanine aminotransferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; EMB = ethambutol; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; INH = isoniazid; NNRTIs = nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PZA = pyrazinamide; PIs = protease inhibitors; RFB = rifabutin; RIF = rifampin; RPT = rifapentine. Sources: CDC. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. MMWR 2000;49 (No. RR-6):26–29, 38–39; ATS, CDC, IDSA. Treatment of tuberculosis. MMWR 2003;52(No. RR-11):19–25; CDC. Update: Adverse event data and revised American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations against the use of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection—United States. MMWR 2003;52(No. 31):735–736; CDC. : Chapter 6: treatment of TB disease. Core Curriculum on Tuberculosis (2004) [Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Web site]. Updated October 2004. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/tb/webcourses/CoreCurr/index.htm, Accessed December 30, 2010.
Reporting Reactions The table below is intended for use by providers and public health nurses who perform case management services. Instruct the patient to report any side effects and adverse reactions listed in Table 6. If a patient reports an adverse reaction, the provider or public health nurse should alert the Alaska TB program by calling 907-269-8000. Table 6: REPORTING REACTIONS TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS MEDICATIONS 16 Potentially Serious Adverse Reactions* Immediately report the following signs and symptoms or other abnormalities or unexpected events to the patient’s provider. These signs and symptoms suggest side effects, including hepatotoxicity: Jaundice Dark urine Vomiting Abdominal pain Fever Visual changes Marked clinical rash In consultation with the provider, instruct the patient to stop TB medications until evaluated by the provider. Less Severe Signs and Symptoms* Report the following signs and symptoms to the patient’s provider within 24 hours: Anorexia Nausea Malaise Peripheral neuropathy: tingling or burning sensation in hands or feet Rashes * These lists are not all-inclusive. Second-line drugs are not included. For a complete list, refer to the current guidelines for treatment of TB, “Treatment of Tuberculosis” (MMWR 2003;52[No. RR-11]), at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5211.pdf . Source: California Department of Health Services (CDHS)/California Tuberculosis Controllers Association (CTCA). TB case management—core components. CDHS/CTCA Joint Guidelines [CTCA Web site]. November 2011 Available at: http://www.ctca.org/fileLibrary/file_238.pdf Accessed October 20, 2012. ALASKA T U B E R C U L O S I S P R O G R A M M A N U A L Treatment of Tuber culosis Disease 6.20 Revised November 2012
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Reporting Reactions<br />
The table below is intended for use by providers and public health nurses who perform<br />
case management services. Instruct the patient to report any side effects and adverse<br />
reactions listed in Table 6.<br />
If a patient reports an adverse reaction, the provider or public health nurse should alert<br />
the <strong>Alaska</strong> TB program by calling 907-269-8000.<br />
Table 6: REPORTING REACTIONS TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS MEDICATIONS 16<br />
Potentially Serious<br />
Adverse Reactions*<br />
Immediately report the following signs and symptoms<br />
or other abnormalities or unexpected events to the<br />
patient’s provider. These signs and symptoms<br />
suggest side effects, including hepatotoxicity:<br />
Jaundice<br />
Dark urine<br />
Vomiting<br />
Abdominal pain<br />
Fever<br />
Visual changes<br />
Marked clinical rash<br />
In consultation with the provider, instruct the patient<br />
to stop TB medications until evaluated by the<br />
provider.<br />
Less Severe<br />
Signs and Symptoms*<br />
Report the following signs and symptoms to the<br />
patient’s provider within 24 hours:<br />
Anorexia<br />
Nausea<br />
Malaise<br />
Peripheral neuropathy: tingling or burning sensation<br />
in hands or feet<br />
Rashes<br />
* These lists are not all-inclusive. Second-line drugs are not included. For a complete list, refer to the current guidelines for<br />
treatment <strong>of</strong> TB, “Treatment <strong>of</strong> <strong>Tuberculosis</strong>” (MMWR 2003;52[No. RR-11]), at<br />
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5211.pdf .<br />
Source: California Department <strong>of</strong> Health Services (CDHS)/California <strong>Tuberculosis</strong> Controllers Association (CTCA). TB<br />
case management—core components. CDHS/CTCA Joint Guidelines [CTCA Web site]. November 2011 Available at:<br />
http://www.ctca.org/fileLibrary/file_238.pdf Accessed October 20, 2012.<br />
ALASKA T U B E R C U L O S I S P R O G R A M M A N U A L Treatment <strong>of</strong> Tuber culosis Disease 6.20<br />
Revised November 2012