spirit and healing in africa - University of the Free State
spirit and healing in africa - University of the Free State spirit and healing in africa - University of the Free State
DECLARATION I declare that the thesis hereby handed in for the qualification Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) at the University of the Free State, is my own independent work and that I have not previously submitted the same work for a qualification at/in another University/faculty. I concede copyright to the University of the Free State. Signature ……………………………………. Date ……………………………. 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It feels like this work has been written multiple times in the past five years. I’m not referring here to the numerous revisions of the chapters of this study, but to my various attempts to establish a link between Spirit and healing in Africa from a Reformed perspective. Exploring this link was like wandering through a huge and impressive building with beautiful chambers, their doors wide open to anyone curious to see what is happening inside. Often, I was attracted by the crowd of people already present in the room and deeply involved in debates on the Holy Spirit. I thoroughly enjoyed being a witness of the deliberations of wise women and men, who seek the ways of the Spirit. Often, I was also encouraged by the accompaniment of others, suggesting to come along and visit also the next room. Sadly, there were also times that I had to walk past an invitingly open door, just because I had to stay on track. This study is the result of my wandering through the building of Spirit and healing. I realize that this account can be revised and rewritten another five times, but I have come to learn that doing theology is meant to be like that. It is an open-ended adventure, because the Holy Spirit always opens closed doors and creates new vistas for us. When I stood on the threshold of the building of Spirit and healing, Prof. Rian Venter was the one who provided a map to those rooms I could not have found on my own. His vast knowledge of theological and non-theological disciplines prevented me from getting lost. His genuine loyalty to students allowed me to wander on my own, and this is how I discovered the fun of doing research. Furthermore, he is a very generous person, who always has the best interests of others in mind. I have experienced this first-hand, and I truly appreciate Prof. Venter’s generosity and guidance. After I had already spent some time exploring the building of Spirit and healing, Prof. Cees van der Kooi (Free University in Amsterdam) joined this research venture, and also became my supervisor. His expertise on pneumatology and Western systematic theology had a major impact on the second part of this study. I thank Prof. Van der Kooi for his willingness to guide me through the Reformed tradition and to reveal the promise of a pneumatological orientation. From 2005-2010, I worked as a lecturer at Justo Mwale Theological University College in Lusaka (Zambia) on behalf of KerkinActie, the mission organization of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands. When I embarked on this research project in 2007, my direct supervisors at KerkinActie were very supportive and never failed to emphasize the significance of doing 3
- Page 1: SPIRIT AND HEALING IN AFRICA: A REF
- Page 5 and 6: I would like to believe that my chi
- Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 11 1
- Page 9 and 10: PART II. EXPLORING A REFORMED PNEUM
- Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION 1. Research background
- Page 13 and 14: and her status? Does the Bible not
- Page 15 and 16: traditional healing, the HIV/AIDS c
- Page 17 and 18: This thesis centralizes the proper,
- Page 19 and 20: subject of health within the variou
- Page 21 and 22: 7. Research outline This research c
- Page 23 and 24: and materiality. The answers to thi
- Page 25 and 26: physical affliction, and it points
- Page 27 and 28: 1.2 MEANING OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVIS
- Page 29 and 30: trust) that can influence health an
- Page 31 and 32: 1.3.2 Discourse When one follows th
- Page 33 and 34: still resists a clear definition an
- Page 35 and 36: the study of African healing starte
- Page 37 and 38: industrialized world” (Helman 200
- Page 39 and 40: produced, that a certain gesture re
- Page 41 and 42: influence in Southern Africa. The a
- Page 43 and 44: collective experiences, codes of th
- Page 45 and 46: However, despite many attempts to a
- Page 47 and 48: impact on African indigenous cultur
- Page 49 and 50: Suffering as a relational matter
- Page 51 and 52: situation in which one is actively
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
It feels like this work has been written multiple times <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> past five years. I’m not referr<strong>in</strong>g<br />
here to <strong>the</strong> numerous revisions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chapters <strong>of</strong> this study, but to my various attempts to<br />
establish a l<strong>in</strong>k between Spirit <strong>and</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> Africa from a Reformed perspective. Explor<strong>in</strong>g this<br />
l<strong>in</strong>k was like w<strong>and</strong>er<strong>in</strong>g through a huge <strong>and</strong> impressive build<strong>in</strong>g with beautiful chambers, <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
doors wide open to anyone curious to see what is happen<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>side. Often, I was attracted by <strong>the</strong><br />
crowd <strong>of</strong> people already present <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> room <strong>and</strong> deeply <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> debates on <strong>the</strong> Holy Spirit. I<br />
thoroughly enjoyed be<strong>in</strong>g a witness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> deliberations <strong>of</strong> wise women <strong>and</strong> men, who seek <strong>the</strong><br />
ways <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spirit. Often, I was also encouraged by <strong>the</strong> accompaniment <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs, suggest<strong>in</strong>g to<br />
come along <strong>and</strong> visit also <strong>the</strong> next room. Sadly, <strong>the</strong>re were also times that I had to walk past an<br />
<strong>in</strong>vit<strong>in</strong>gly open door, just because I had to stay on track. This study is <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> my w<strong>and</strong>er<strong>in</strong>g<br />
through <strong>the</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Spirit <strong>and</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>. I realize that this account can be revised <strong>and</strong> rewritten<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r five times, but I have come to learn that do<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ology is meant to be like that. It is an<br />
open-ended adventure, because <strong>the</strong> Holy Spirit always opens closed doors <strong>and</strong> creates new vistas<br />
for us.<br />
When I stood on <strong>the</strong> threshold <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Spirit <strong>and</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, Pr<strong>of</strong>. Rian Venter was <strong>the</strong><br />
one who provided a map to those rooms I could not have found on my own. His vast knowledge<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ological <strong>and</strong> non-<strong>the</strong>ological discipl<strong>in</strong>es prevented me from gett<strong>in</strong>g lost. His genu<strong>in</strong>e<br />
loyalty to students allowed me to w<strong>and</strong>er on my own, <strong>and</strong> this is how I discovered <strong>the</strong> fun <strong>of</strong><br />
do<strong>in</strong>g research. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, he is a very generous person, who always has <strong>the</strong> best <strong>in</strong>terests <strong>of</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d. I have experienced this first-h<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> I truly appreciate Pr<strong>of</strong>. Venter’s<br />
generosity <strong>and</strong> guidance.<br />
After I had already spent some time explor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> Spirit <strong>and</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, Pr<strong>of</strong>. Cees van<br />
der Kooi (<strong>Free</strong> <strong>University</strong> <strong>in</strong> Amsterdam) jo<strong>in</strong>ed this research venture, <strong>and</strong> also became my<br />
supervisor. His expertise on pneumatology <strong>and</strong> Western systematic <strong>the</strong>ology had a major impact<br />
on <strong>the</strong> second part <strong>of</strong> this study. I thank Pr<strong>of</strong>. Van der Kooi for his will<strong>in</strong>gness to guide me<br />
through <strong>the</strong> Reformed tradition <strong>and</strong> to reveal <strong>the</strong> promise <strong>of</strong> a pneumatological orientation.<br />
From 2005-2010, I worked as a lecturer at Justo Mwale Theological <strong>University</strong> College <strong>in</strong><br />
Lusaka (Zambia) on behalf <strong>of</strong> Kerk<strong>in</strong>Actie, <strong>the</strong> mission organization <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Protestant Church <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rl<strong>and</strong>s. When I embarked on this research project <strong>in</strong> 2007, my direct supervisors at<br />
Kerk<strong>in</strong>Actie were very supportive <strong>and</strong> never failed to emphasize <strong>the</strong> significance <strong>of</strong> do<strong>in</strong>g<br />
3