spirit and healing in africa - University of the Free State
spirit and healing in africa - University of the Free State spirit and healing in africa - University of the Free State
New articulations of the link between Spirit and healing can thus be developed on the basis of quality of life. In the African health discourse, healing is living positively with HIV/AIDS, and it means the retrieval of quality of life amidst vulnerability; in Reformed pneumatological discourse, creation and human life is generally valued highly, but the quality of creaturely life is not directly related to the vulnerability of creation. However, new articulations of the link between Spirit and healing can be developed when the notions of quality of life, vulnerability and beauty are attributed to the work of the Spirit in creation. Fragment 4 Spirit and power The notion of power (a key motif of the church-based healing discourse) raises the question about what kind of power can be attributed to God in relation to healing. The Pentecostal perspective on the power of God’s Spirit is closely related to a particular understanding of the agency of the Spirit, whereby the Spirit is experienced as the agent of change, blessing, liberation and healing. In traditional Reformed theology, God’s power is generally understood as a divine attribute that reveals God’s omnipotence, even though new perspectives on the theme of power can be noted. The prominent emphasis on power in the church-based healing discourse triggered the question about the kind of power that belongs to God in relation to healing. A pneumatological focus leads to the paradoxical nature of God’s power: the Spirit of Christ holds together the ultimate dialectics of cross and resurrection, and makes us share in Christ’s new life by leading us through the discontinuity of life, which is non-survival. Only this kind of paradoxical power, that speaks of defenselessness, death, faithfulness, and love, is the power that brings healing. Healing by the dialectical power of the Spirit is the annihilation of death in life after non-survival. New articulations of the link between Spirit and healing can thus be developed on the basis of power. In the African health discourse, power is synonymous with vitality, healing and blessing coming from God; in Reformed pneumatological discourse, power is not a well-developed theme, and certainly not in relation to healing. However, the link between Spirit and healing could be explored further by emphasizing the dialectics of the cross and resurrection in the work of the Spirit. The focus on the Spirit entails a redefinition of power, and opens productive avenues for articulating healing as embodying resurrection life. Re-visioning Reformed pneumatology In exploring and expressing the link between Spirit and healing in new ways, this study contributes to a re-visioning of Reformed pneumatology. The identification of specific ideas that are central in both the African health discourse and the Reformed pneumatological discourse 280
provided the basis for a re-visioning, because it drew attention to Reformed motifs that could be retrieved and redefined in the light of healing. Reformed pneumatology can be reconsidered by articulating the link between Spirit and healing through the identification of relationships and health, through disorienting and counter-cultural transformation, through the quality of vulnerable life, and through paradoxical power. These new articulations also imply a revision of the agency of the Spirit, because through her healing work She creates our relationships and places us within them; She is effectively at work within us (spirit, soul, body), in our practices, in society; She beautifies our vulnerability; and She makes the impossible possible. Contribution to African Reformed theology This research can be seen as a relevant contribution to African Reformed theology, because it recognizes the importance of the theme of healing for Reformed theology; it broadens the understanding of healing by describing four major health discourses in Southern Africa, and by including multiple contextual motifs of health; it focuses on the complex link between Spirit and healing; it identifies a matrix of Reformed pneumatology; and it offers four pneumatological fragments on healing. The contextual, interdisciplinary, and constructive elements in this research on healing and pneumatology make a meaningful contribution to Reformed theological discourse in Southern Africa. Final conclusion In this research, multi-layered understandings of health were engaged with Reformed pneumatological discourse. The identification of four health motifs, featuring prominently in African health discourses, with the work of the Holy Spirit generated four pneumatological fragments on healing. These fragments can be understood as new articulations of the link between Spirit and healing, but they do not offer a comprehensive approach to the problem complex of Spirit and healing. They are explorative constructions, and part of the open-ended adventure of intimating the work of the Spirit in our life. The new articulations of the link between Spirit and healing (on the basis of important notions of health) allow for a positive evaluation of my hypothesis. The pneumatological exploration, sensitive to multi-layered understandings of health, opened productive avenues for Reformed theology in Southern Africa. The unlocking of a Reformed pneumatological reflection on healing was achieved by perceiving health as a social construct, by considering current health discourses in Africa, and by constructing an encounter between African health discourses and Reformed pneumatological discourse, which is an open discourse and sensitive to contextuality. The focus 281
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provided <strong>the</strong> basis for a re-vision<strong>in</strong>g, because it drew attention to Reformed motifs that could be<br />
retrieved <strong>and</strong> redef<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> light <strong>of</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>. Reformed pneumatology can be reconsidered by<br />
articulat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>k between Spirit <strong>and</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> through <strong>the</strong> identification <strong>of</strong> relationships <strong>and</strong><br />
health, through disorient<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> counter-cultural transformation, through <strong>the</strong> quality <strong>of</strong><br />
vulnerable life, <strong>and</strong> through paradoxical power. These new articulations also imply a revision <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> agency <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spirit, because through her <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> work She creates our relationships <strong>and</strong><br />
places us with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>m; She is effectively at work with<strong>in</strong> us (<strong>spirit</strong>, soul, body), <strong>in</strong> our practices, <strong>in</strong><br />
society; She beautifies our vulnerability; <strong>and</strong> She makes <strong>the</strong> impossible possible.<br />
Contribution to African Reformed <strong>the</strong>ology<br />
This research can be seen as a relevant contribution to African Reformed <strong>the</strong>ology, because it<br />
recognizes <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>me <strong>of</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> for Reformed <strong>the</strong>ology; it broadens <strong>the</strong><br />
underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> by describ<strong>in</strong>g four major health discourses <strong>in</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa, <strong>and</strong> by<br />
<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g multiple contextual motifs <strong>of</strong> health; it focuses on <strong>the</strong> complex l<strong>in</strong>k between Spirit <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>; it identifies a matrix <strong>of</strong> Reformed pneumatology; <strong>and</strong> it <strong>of</strong>fers four pneumatological<br />
fragments on <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>. The contextual, <strong>in</strong>terdiscipl<strong>in</strong>ary, <strong>and</strong> constructive elements <strong>in</strong> this<br />
research on <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>and</strong> pneumatology make a mean<strong>in</strong>gful contribution to Reformed <strong>the</strong>ological<br />
discourse <strong>in</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa.<br />
F<strong>in</strong>al conclusion<br />
In this research, multi-layered underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> health were engaged with Reformed<br />
pneumatological discourse. The identification <strong>of</strong> four health motifs, featur<strong>in</strong>g prom<strong>in</strong>ently <strong>in</strong><br />
African health discourses, with <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Holy Spirit generated four pneumatological<br />
fragments on <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>. These fragments can be understood as new articulations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>k<br />
between Spirit <strong>and</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, but <strong>the</strong>y do not <strong>of</strong>fer a comprehensive approach to <strong>the</strong> problem<br />
complex <strong>of</strong> Spirit <strong>and</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>. They are explorative constructions, <strong>and</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> open-ended<br />
adventure <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>timat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spirit <strong>in</strong> our life.<br />
The new articulations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>k between Spirit <strong>and</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> (on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> important notions <strong>of</strong><br />
health) allow for a positive evaluation <strong>of</strong> my hypo<strong>the</strong>sis. The pneumatological exploration,<br />
sensitive to multi-layered underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> health, opened productive avenues for Reformed<br />
<strong>the</strong>ology <strong>in</strong> Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Africa. The unlock<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> a Reformed pneumatological reflection on <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong><br />
was achieved by perceiv<strong>in</strong>g health as a social construct, by consider<strong>in</strong>g current health discourses<br />
<strong>in</strong> Africa, <strong>and</strong> by construct<strong>in</strong>g an encounter between African health discourses <strong>and</strong> Reformed<br />
pneumatological discourse, which is an open discourse <strong>and</strong> sensitive to contextuality. The focus<br />
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