spirit and healing in africa - University of the Free State
spirit and healing in africa - University of the Free State spirit and healing in africa - University of the Free State
God. The Spirit of adoption is the One who invites believers into God’s family, into a different kind of order of wholeness and well-being. Yet this work of the Spirit is not without disruption and chaos. This idea about the disorienting work of the Spirit in relation to the salvation of creating is also to be found in Van Ruler’s pneumatology. In this light, Van Ruler (1972:32-45) mentions the chaotic Spirit of God. Van Ruler’s pneumatology is about the inhabitation or indwelling of the Spirit in human life. This indwelling leads to the sprawling and struggling of the flesh against the Spirit, that will continue as long as the full restoration of creation is not yet realized (Van der Kooi 2009:51). The Spirit aims at synthesis, at the bringing together of the (well) being of creation and the salvation of Christ, and does this in ways that always generate particular tension, for the Spirit creates chaos in human life. The Spirit’s dynamic disordering way causes manmade systems and patterns to be disrupted, and destructs everything human beings want to possess, control and understand. The chaos-creating work of the Spirit does not need to be perceived as negative, because in the chaos there is room for change, renewal and creativity (cf. Van de Beek 1987:211) 49 . Van Ruler considered the chaos-creating work of the Spirit also as God’s providence, for in the chaos the Spirit creates particular order (see also Van de Beek 2009:19). Van Ruler linked this kind of divine providence to the cross: the cross of Christ is the worst form of chaos, because it is a destruction of God’s creation, a denial of God’s indwelling on earth. At the same time, precisely in the cross of Christ order can be found. The cross creates the order or redemption and reconciliation, because God’s love is stronger than chaos. Subsequently, the human being is, through the indwelling of the Spirit, called to be in the chaos in the same way as Christ, as a child of the Father. Living in the chaotic space of the Spirit implies that the tension of the ‘already’ and the ‘not-yet’ of wholeness (salvation) touches all aspects of one’s life, which means that our perceptions and experiences of health, vitality and healing are affected by this tension as well. When healing is placed within the frame of holy disorientation by the Spirit, then healing might be perceived as the order that is found in the cross and the resurrection of Christ. In other words, the Spirit invites us to see healing as transformation that is molded by the pattern of Christ. This is healing that is located in the communion with Christ, and that touches not only the soul, but also the body, interpersonal relationships, family life, the environment and one’s occupation. It means 49. Van de Beek (1987:211ff) elaborates on Van Ruler’s contribution on the chaos-creating Spirit. However, he takes a different stance when he contends that the cosmic Spirit bears responsibility even for that which is not harmonious, and therefore accidents, disaster and disease also have to do with the work of God. In Chapter 9, Van de Beek’s perspective on the Spirit’s work in creation will be discussed further. 232
that God’s plan of salvation transpires in the materiality of creation and the corporeality of human life. The Spirit does not disconnect the believer from his or her corporeality; the Spirit is given to the believer as a down payment in the tension between the resurrection of Christ’s mutilated body and the still to be realized promise of full healing of broken creation. Fee (1994:357) traces this line of thinking in Paul’s understanding of the works of the Spirit: “Both miracles, evidence of the ‘already’, and ‘endurance’, evidence of the ‘not yet’, were held together in his understanding precisely through the presence of the Spirit, whom earlier in his letter he had designated as God’s ‘down payment’ of the future. As already present, he has touched our human life with some measure of the future, these ‘signs’ take place in the context of ‘every kind of endurance’” 50 . Being filled with the Spirit, therefore, also leads to a distinct style of dealing with suffering. It is not an attitude that ignores concrete circumstances, but it is a force amidst physical weakness. This power of the Spirit should, however, not be understood as a movement of the Spirit that frees the believer from his or her suffering, because such an understanding implies that the Spirit would position the believer opposite the corporeality of creation. Instead, Christ-like transformation means that in this current physical existence, in all its vulnerability, the Spirit endows the believer with the power to bear the name of Christ in the tension between the promise and the transformation that has yet to be realized (Van Elderen 2004:27-35). 8.3.2 Counter-cultural charismata On the basis of healing as transformation through the Spirit of Christ, it is also possible to say that cruciform transformation consists of counter-cultural elements. Transformation as a process of healing always refers to God’s grace, and not to the good condition of one’s body, neither to the goodness of one’s works, nor to the strength of one’s faith. This kind of healing goes against the grain of man-made structures, and draws attention to the pattern of Christ. Transformation is therefore an upheaval of human order, of social tissue, of dominant structures, because it is about growing away from self-centered healing, and towards an understanding of oneself as living in the chaotic space of the Spirit. One could call this the shadow side of healing (cf. Shields 2001: n.p.), evolving from God’s saving grace. 50. In relation to the link between Spirit, down payment and healing, Smouter (2008:65) contends that God’s grace heals because God has given Christ already as (complete) foundation and the Spirit as partial advance. The word ‘arraboon’ is an economic terminology that refers to a down payment of the full amount that is to be received at a later stage. The down payment itself is in the end not enough, but it is a guarantee, a collateral of the final payment that will follow. Both the foundation and the down payment are required for human existence: by the Spirit we taste the full redemption awaiting us. 233
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that God’s plan <strong>of</strong> salvation transpires <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> materiality <strong>of</strong> creation <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> corporeality <strong>of</strong><br />
human life. The Spirit does not disconnect <strong>the</strong> believer from his or her corporeality; <strong>the</strong> Spirit is<br />
given to <strong>the</strong> believer as a down payment <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> tension between <strong>the</strong> resurrection <strong>of</strong> Christ’s<br />
mutilated body <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> still to be realized promise <strong>of</strong> full <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>of</strong> broken creation. Fee<br />
(1994:357) traces this l<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> th<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Paul’s underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> works <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spirit: “Both<br />
miracles, evidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘already’, <strong>and</strong> ‘endurance’, evidence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ‘not yet’, were held<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong> his underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g precisely through <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spirit, whom earlier <strong>in</strong> his<br />
letter he had designated as God’s ‘down payment’ <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> future. As already present, he has<br />
touched our human life with some measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> future, <strong>the</strong>se ‘signs’ take place <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> context<br />
<strong>of</strong> ‘every k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> endurance’” 50 . Be<strong>in</strong>g filled with <strong>the</strong> Spirit, <strong>the</strong>refore, also leads to a dist<strong>in</strong>ct<br />
style <strong>of</strong> deal<strong>in</strong>g with suffer<strong>in</strong>g. It is not an attitude that ignores concrete circumstances, but it is a<br />
force amidst physical weakness. This power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spirit should, however, not be understood as<br />
a movement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spirit that frees <strong>the</strong> believer from his or her suffer<strong>in</strong>g, because such an<br />
underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g implies that <strong>the</strong> Spirit would position <strong>the</strong> believer opposite <strong>the</strong> corporeality <strong>of</strong><br />
creation. Instead, Christ-like transformation means that <strong>in</strong> this current physical existence, <strong>in</strong> all<br />
its vulnerability, <strong>the</strong> Spirit endows <strong>the</strong> believer with <strong>the</strong> power to bear <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> Christ <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
tension between <strong>the</strong> promise <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> transformation that has yet to be realized (Van Elderen<br />
2004:27-35).<br />
8.3.2 Counter-cultural charismata<br />
On <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> as transformation through <strong>the</strong> Spirit <strong>of</strong> Christ, it is also possible to say<br />
that cruciform transformation consists <strong>of</strong> counter-cultural elements. Transformation as a process<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> always refers to God’s grace, <strong>and</strong> not to <strong>the</strong> good condition <strong>of</strong> one’s body, nei<strong>the</strong>r to<br />
<strong>the</strong> goodness <strong>of</strong> one’s works, nor to <strong>the</strong> strength <strong>of</strong> one’s faith. This k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> goes aga<strong>in</strong>st<br />
<strong>the</strong> gra<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> man-made structures, <strong>and</strong> draws attention to <strong>the</strong> pattern <strong>of</strong> Christ. Transformation is<br />
<strong>the</strong>refore an upheaval <strong>of</strong> human order, <strong>of</strong> social tissue, <strong>of</strong> dom<strong>in</strong>ant structures, because it is about<br />
grow<strong>in</strong>g away from self-centered <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, <strong>and</strong> towards an underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> oneself as liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> chaotic space <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spirit. One could call this <strong>the</strong> shadow side <strong>of</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> (cf. Shields 2001:<br />
n.p.), evolv<strong>in</strong>g from God’s sav<strong>in</strong>g grace.<br />
50. In relation to <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>k between Spirit, down payment <strong>and</strong> <strong>heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong>, Smouter (2008:65) contends that God’s grace<br />
heals because God has given Christ already as (complete) foundation <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Spirit as partial advance. The word<br />
‘arraboon’ is an economic term<strong>in</strong>ology that refers to a down payment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> full amount that is to be received at a<br />
later stage. The down payment itself is <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> end not enough, but it is a guarantee, a collateral <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al payment<br />
that will follow. Both <strong>the</strong> foundation <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> down payment are required for human existence: by <strong>the</strong> Spirit we taste<br />
<strong>the</strong> full redemption await<strong>in</strong>g us.<br />
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