Once Upon A Time

By GABRIEL 

OKARA 

Once Upon A Time 

Once upon a time, son, 

they used to laugh with their hearts 

and laugh with their eyes: 

but now they only laugh with their teeth, 

while their ice-block-cold eyes 

search behind my shadow. 

There was a time indeed 

they used to shake hands with their hearts: 

but that’s gone, son. 

Now they shake hands without hearts: 

while their left hands search 

my empty pockets. 

‘Feel at home’! ‘Come again’: 

they say, and when I come 

again and feel 

at home, once, twice, 

there will be no thrice – 

for then I find doors shut on me. 

So I have learned many things, son. 

I have learned to wear many faces 

like dresses – homeface, 

officeface, streetface, hostface, 

cocktailface, with all their conforming smiles 

like a fixed portrait smile. 

And I have learned too 

to laugh with only my teeth 

and shake hands without my heart. 

I have also learned to say, ‘Goodbye’, 

when I mean ‘Good-riddance’; 

to say ‘Glad to meet you’, 

without being glad; and to say ‘It’s been 

nice talking to you’, after being bored. 

But believe me, son. 

I want to be what I used to be 

when I was like you. I want 

to unlearn all these muting things. 

Most of all, I want to relearn 

how to laugh, for my laugh in the mirror 

shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs! 

So show me, son, 

how to laugh; show me how 

I used to laugh and smile

Pascal is often referred to as a ‘family’, forged with solid 

ties, working in unison with the surrounding community. As 

we bid a warm farewell to the graduates of 2011, we prepare 

to welcome new members to follow in the footsteps of their 

older peers who will continue to make us proud with 

achievements that are still to come in years that will follow. 

As Headmistress, I feel that our school, young as it is, has 

established a commendable reputation on a local but also international 

scale due to the dedication and commitment of 

teachers, heads of year groups, parents and students, of 

course. 

Honour and prowess is evoked in writing the Headmistress’ 

Note in each edition of Pascal Insight as I am urged to look 

back in time but also to focus on the future. With schemes 

like Comenius, educational trips abroad, university visits, 

club days with destinations around the island, we have given 

a first-hand impression of the essence of Pascal Larnaka, the 

core of which is encapsulated within this magazine, hereby 

presented to you. 

Both the front cover and Okara’s poem deal with ageing 

and both suggest a loss of innocence as we evolve and 

adapt according to our exposure to the world surrounding 

us. 

As children we take in, absorb, observe. As adults we 

begin to give, influence and impact. Perhaps the focus 

of Pascal Insight 2010-11 is to delineate the role we, as a 

school community, play in each student’s path in trying 

to maintain the natural goodness inherent in us all, for 

our school is not only about learning, it is about learning 

how to grow. 

We hope that as you click through the electronic pages 

that follow, you will savour many of the moments captured 

and upon reflecting, Okara’s words may even become 

apparent, that our students have as much to teach 

us, as we have to teach them. 

To end, we would like to dedicate this year’s edition to 

all our students but in particular, to the graduating class 

2010-11. 

Chief Editor: Demos Kaoullas 

Assistance from Christina Karaviotou 

“The future belongs to those who prepare for it today” 

Malcom X

“Once Upon a Time” is an emotional 

poem about the story of a grown up 

man—who 

once was an innocent child. 

His adult world has lost the charm of his 

childhood years. The poet describes how 

the 

process of growing up transforms the innocence 

of childhood. After entering the 

adult 

world, the young adults will gradually 

forget how to “laugh with their hearts.” 

While growing up, the cold world intimidated 

our main character. He used to 

sense 

people’s insincerity and their superficial 

laughs, because “they only laugh[ed] with 

their 

teeth,/while their ice-block-cold eyes/ 

search[ed] behind [his] shadow”. 

It is a vicious circle: once someone has 

entered the adult world, he will change— 

then 

change others. Our character will learn 

how to say things that he doesn’t really 

mean: “I 

have also learned to say, “Goodbye,”/ 

when I mean “Goodriddance”;/to say 

“Glad to meet 

you,”/without being glad; and to say “It’s 

been/nice talking to you,” after being 

bored” 

Like everyone else, our main character 

was forced to grow up—in order to 

adapt to the 

adult world: “I have learned to wear 

many faces/like dresses—homeface,/ 

officeface, 

streetface, hostface, cock-/tail face, 

with all their conforming smiles/like a 

fixed portrait 

smile”. 

In this selfish world, our character 

learned how to adapt; he adapted a little 

too well. He 

now can play the adult role without any 

problem. 

However, once he became a parent, 

parenthood seems to have helped him 

to remember 

the innocent world of his childhood. 

Because of his son, he wants to re-learn 

how to be 

sincere. His son holds the key to this 

old, forgotten world. 

What a wonderful poem! It presents in 

such a simple manner, such a complicated 

subject: 

the pain of growing up, and the loss of 

innocence.

1A 

1B 

First Row: Alexander Vikentiou, Charalambos Phokou, Alan Whittingham, Margarita Georgiadis, Ioanna 

Arkadiou, Donya Ebrahim, Maxwell Kilner, Lewis Jenkins, Nash Passiades. 

Second Row: Mrs Aspasia Manti, Maritsa Havadjia, Satya Christodoulou, Marina Koupparis, Eleni 

Koumi, Ifigenia Kleanthous, Frederiki Soteriou, Andrey Sesyuk, Mrs Evy Pistola. 

Back Row: Andreas Dinglis, Louiza Artemi, Antonia Diakou, Eleni Patsalos, Natasia Petrou, Alexander 

Demetriou, Adrian Demetriou, Mahan Fathi, Armand Barle, Artem Osmolovsky. 

First Row: Kyriakos Stylianou , Averkios Nicolaou, Constantinos Ioannou, Thekla Georgiou, Anna 

Savva, Marilena Papachrisodoulou, Erica Afxentiou, Kyriakos Pittas, Christodoulos Markides. 

Second Row: Mrs Despina Kaittani, Giorgos Savvides, Nasia Charalambous, Alexandra Taratynova, 

Paula Costa, Demetris Georgiou, Lazaros Pieri, Christoforos Kounes, Nicolas Tsaggaris, 

Mrs. Evey Pistola 

Back Row: Stelios Mavrides, Savvas Savva, Antreas Astraios, Christiana Lagou, Maria Manentzou, 

Pantelis Georgiou, Olga Stylianou, Costas Costi, Christodoulos Louvia.

1C 

1D 

First Row: Kypros Tilliros , Kousiappas Georgios ,Georgiou Michalia, Kounnas Constantinos, Michailas 

Anastasis ,Anastasiou Marina, Moleski Charalambia ,Demetriou Theodoros 

Second Row: Mr.Christoforos Alexandrou , Yiorka Stavriana , Kavalierou Marios ,Kafatari Constantinos 

, Procopiou Marios , Neoptolemou Vasilis , Anastasiou Panayiotis , Alambriti Loukia , Mrs.Evi Pistola 

Back Row: Kyriacou Thekla , Kyriacou Michaella , Michael Savvas , Damianou Kyriakos ,Antoniou Antonis 

, Kemitzis Michalis , Efstathiou Ioannis , Sofokleous Odysseas 

Absences: Paschali Maria 

First Row: Hadjiyianni Mikaella, Demetriou Demetra, Michaelidou Georgia, Poliviou Eleni, Cosma 

Paris, Avgousti Chrysanthi, Papatheocharous Ioannis, Savva Constantinos, Toumazou Ioannis, 

Second Row: Ms Maria Theophilou, Parperi Katerina, Popovidou Sara, Tambourla Antigoni (Noni), 

Efthimiou Evdokia (Efi), Nikola Christos, Theodorou Xenios, Kadi Andria, Mrs Evey Pistola 

Back Row: Konis Efraim, Karapitta Chrystalla, Ioulianou Christofora, Zachariou Georgia, Georgiou 

Nicoletta, Panayi Alexandros, Zachariou Anastasis, Orthodoxou Margarita

2A 

2B 

First Row: Koutra James, Pavlou Marios, Panayiotou Demetria, Passiadou Fiona, Stavrou Anastasios, 

Zingis Paris, Pavlou Georgios, Xydias Constantinos. 

Second Row: Mrs. Irene Petrou, Redpath Natalie, Agathokleous Marina, Hadjiyiannakou Andria, Solomonidou 

Rafaella, Constantinou Chrysostomos, Solomonides Andreas, Georgiou Antonis, Mr. Petros Kimitris. 

Back Row: Xydia Nicoletta, Timm Elliot, Sutton Joshua, Karoullas Harry, Kakoullis Anastasios, Travkin 

Philip, Iasonides Constantinos. 

First Row: Zorpides Christos, Georgiou Eleni, Elia Georgia, Costa Nicole, Kappelou Anastasia, Nicolaidou 

Andrea Rafaela, Kavourides Michalis. 

Second Row: Christoforos Alexandrou (Form Teacher), Vassiliou Stalo, Vassiliou Maria, Charalambous 

Sophia, Foka Andreas Georgios, Graham Savana, Evgeniou Andreas, Palate Danae, Tsappi Gavriella, Ms 

Irene Petrou (HOY 2). 

Back Row: Yiagkou Louiza, Demetriou Maria, Paschali Varvara, Kagkeli Maria, Frangou Charalambos, 

Agathocleous Marios. 

Absences:

2C 

2D 

First Row: Spanou Rafaella, Foukkari Panagiota, Alexandrou Elena, Stavrou Pantelitsa, Papoulias Yiannis, 

Zachariou Constantinos, Todirica Alexandros. 

Second Row: Miss Georgia Markadji, Marangou Elena, Kadi Kyriaki, Pirillos Panayitis, Kleopa Kleopas, 

Sampson Costas, Zenonos Anastasis, Christou Panayiotis, Ms Irene Petrou. 

Back Row: Shiantani Chrisanthi, Avraam Kalia, Foti Georgia, Sakka Nicoletta, Vrikki Nicoletta, Kittis 

George, Shiantanis Antonis. 

First Row: Michael Demetris, Panayiotou Efthymia, Andronicou Anastasia, Georgiou Georgia, Charalambous 

Kyriaki, Panayi Nayia, Kyriacou Lazaros. 

Second Row: Mrs Irene Petrou, Kafatari Iliana, Philipou Marina, Mavrou Kyriaki, Theodotou Andria, Mr 

Socrates Petrides. 

Back Row: Mouzouris Andreas, Sophocleous Andreas, Kyriacou George, Prodromou Lenos, Solomondas 

Leonidas. 

Absences: Helen Alexandrou, Stavrinos Constantinou, Demetris Demetriou, Christos Georgiou

2E 

3A 

First Row: Zenonos Loizos, Anastasiou Marianna, Christou Maria, Pelide Electra, Stavrinou Thea, Vasiliou 

Kyriaki, Markou Lazaros. 

Second Row: Mrs. Irene Petrou, Spirou Stefani, Apostolou Miranta, Charitonidou Constantina, Patziarou 

Maria, Koudeli Sofia, Kiriakou Korina, Pelide Christina, Nikiforou Christiana, Mrs Myrto Michaila 

Back Row: Petrides Evros, Ioannou Demetris, Solomou Demetris, Constantinou Nicolas, Antoniou Aggelos, 

Markou Stylianos, Stavrou Antonis, Efstathiou Alexandros. 

First Row: Stavrou Andreas, Eracleous Theodoros, Economides Andreas, Valeva Alexandrina, Michael 

Michelle, Venizelou Mariam, Xiourouppa Charis, Hadjiyiasemi Kyriaki. 

Second Row: Mr George Klokkaris, Thoma Christoforos, Mitsidou Christiana, Ourri Angelika, Hadjigeorgiou 

Stavri, Panayi Isabella, Antoniou Stavroulla, Alambriti Eleni, Ms Lena Mahdessian. 

Back Row: Anastasi Petros, Valeev Marat, Shiantanis Antonis, Xiourouppas Michalis, Matsangos Rafael, 

Zakheos Antonis, Graham Curtis, Shariari Arad. 

Absences: Georgiadis Ioanna, Lappas Charalambos.

3B 

3C 

First Row: Athanasiou Vassiliki, Pashiourtidou Anna, Liperi Loukia, Kontos Panayiotis, Francis Lina, 

Papamichael Joanne, Yiallouros Antonis. 

Second Row: Mr. George Klokkaris, Alexandrou Christiana, Kavourides Katerina, Perikli Anastasia, 

Maouri Chrystalla, Michael Paraskevi, Ogden Emma, Panayiotou Nikolas, Koumi Yiannis, Ms Christina 

Karaviotou. 

Back Row: Savva Savvas, Savva Stylianos, Solomou Miltos, Spanoudis Yiannis, Nicolaou Andreas, Takkas 

George, Anastasiou Panayiotis, Kemitzis Nicholas, Savvides Yiannakis. 

Absences: Mavromatis Michalis. 

First Row: Mouzouris George, Andronikou Andronikos, Mavrolefterou Andrea, Stavrou Kyriaki,Elefthriou 

Evdokia, Papadopoulou Panayiota, Pitta Anna, Konnari Vicky. 

Second Row: Fokas Zacharias, Kalli Marina, Papakyriakou George, Markou Markos, Nonis Stavros, 

Antoniou Melina, Aresti Maria, Ms Maria Anastasiou. 

Back Row: Mr George Klokkaris, Charous Andreas, Nicolaou Michael, Konatzi Efthymia, Ppasias 

Panayiotis, Hadjimatheou Konstantinos, Fouli Vassiliki, Themistokleous Marios, Shambellas Panayioyis, 

Charalambous Theodosis. 

Absences: Thoupou Christina, Anastasiou Elena.

3D 

3E 

First Row: Mr George Klokkaris, Stephanou Fotini, Theodorou Kyriaki, Polydorou Nikoletta , Tsikkos 

Andreas , Loucaidou Stefanie , Kakoulli Stella , Yerolemou Tonia , Kounnas Kyriakos . 

Second Row: Kyriakou Marios , Efraim Elena , Prastiti Andrea , Moyseos Maria , Nicolaou Irene- 

Chrysovalanto , Kyprianou Theodora , Kyriakou Katerina , Michael Irene , Ms Lyghia– Christina Jeronymides. 

Back Row: Andreou Elina , Papamoyseos Moysis , Nicolaides Giorgos , Savva Andreas , Christou Vasilis, 

Andreou Panayiotis , Nicolaides Alexandros , Charalambous Maria . 

Absences: Papacosta Avgousta, Loizou Natalie. 

First Row: Efthimiou Loukia , Patsalou Elena , Alexandrou Sotiris , Ioannou Georgia , Christofides Kyriakos 

, Solomou Christodoulos . 

Second Row: Mr George Klokkaris, Constantinou Constantinos , Soteriou Gavriella, Nathanael Kalia , 

Theodorou Lambros, Panayi Thanasis, Vasiliou Vasilis, Ms Barbara Kounna. 

Back Row: Malathoura Fotini, Georgiou Maria, Mallourides Constantinos, Christoforou Demetris, Psaras 

Nicolas, Koukakis Nicolas, Demou Demetris. 

Absences: Evangelou Chrisanthi, Athanasiou Kalliopi, Spyrou Kyriakos, Eleftheriou Andria.

4A 

4B 

First Row: Iacovou George, Koumandari Vassilia, Andreas Andreou, Tatarian Pailag, Georgiou Demetra, 

Clark Hayley, Panayiotou Marina, Timm Benjamin 

Second Row: Stylianou Andreas, Eftychiou Achilleas, Ketsbaia Lida, Sutton Sam, Sandlers Georgiys 

Back Row: Samouride Margarita, Georgiou Antreas, Sisou Varnavas, Petrou Stelios, Porfyriou Stephani, 

Marottou Stephania, Jenkins Jack 

Absences: Bothe Abbey, Joannou Jennifer, Cavendish Caomhe, Djurovic Iva, Kazantzis George, Petrou 

Stylini 

First Row: Costi Kyriaki, Georgiou Terpsichori, Aristides Yiannos, Costa Eleni, Zimboulaki Danae, 

Kasapis Stavros, Foukkari Loizos, Tingis Sophia, Nooraei Mona 

Second Row:Mrs Athanasiou Panayiota, Papachristodoulou Andreas, Theodosi Mariana, Kotsapas Christina, 

Christou Stella, Xiourouppa Despina, Nicolaou Sergis, Hadjikakou Costas, Mrs Maria Evangelidou 

Back Row: Parperi Savvas, Alexandrou George, Harris Sophie , Smith Chelsea, Hadjittoouli Nicolas, 

Demetriou Sergios, Georgiou Panayiotis 

Absences: Zachariou Elena

4C 

4D 

First Row: Agathokleous Vasilia, Ioakim Eleni, Ioannou Panayiota, Sergi Maria, Kekkou Christina, Loizou 

Anna, Frangou Elli, Athanasiou Irene, Koshi Andriani, Erotokritou Antonia, Mrs Maria Evangelidou 

Second Row: Ms Stella Charalambous, Adamou Andreas, Hadjimitsi Fivos, Alexandrou Panayiotis, Andreou 

Theodoros, Mavri Evgenios 

Back Row: Demetriou Pavlos, Kyriacou Vasilis, Marangos Christos, Christoforou Timotheos, Pelides 

Constantinos, Konomou Petros, Zachariou Minas, Tofias Haris 

First Row: Evangelou Elias, Avraam Marisa, Parpouna Vasia, Pafiti Constantina, Kyrpianou Ioanna, Antoniou 

Chrystalla, Kitsiou Constantinos, Kounnas E. Anastasis 

Second Row: Ms.Zena Alambriti, Michael Michalis, Frangoudes Demetris, Hadjiandoni Pantelitsa, Theodorou 

Irene, Skalioti Anna, Varnava Charalambos, Mandridis Kleitos, Mrs. Maria Evangelidou 

Back Row: Amirotos Christos, Efstathiou Efstathios, Ioannou Elias, Koudelis Antonis, Panayiotou Panayiotis, 

Xiourouppa Pantelis, Gregoriades Constantinos, Ambiza Melinos

4E 

5A 

First Row: Anastasiou Eleni, Papapanayiotou Elana ,Challouma Andry, Kassianou Marietta , Charalambous 

Louiza, Kyriacou Eleni, Hadjivassili Alexandra, Solomou Andreas 

Second Row:Mr. Marios Thoma, Philippou Maria, Adamou Irene, Stavride Evanthia, Hadjiconstantinou 

Demetris, Petrou Maria, Kanelis Rafael, Mrs. Maria Evangelidou 

Back Row: Neokleous Neoklis, Kyriacou Andreas, Chrysaphi Kristianna, Michael Anastasis, Stylianou 

Ioannis, Hadjiconstanti Andreas, Matsoukas Demetris, Christoforou Aristodemos, Christou Theofilos 

First Row: Mosfili Andria, Zachariou Fodini, Havadja Chrystalla, Shanina Alexandra, Christodoulou 

Georgia, Flouri Magdalena Krolikowaska, Bothe Cassidy 

Second Row: Demetriou Andreas, Demetriou Maria, Georgiou Giorgos, Kounna Irene, Manoli Marios, Ms 

Eleni Malla 

Back Row: Petrou Papi, Michalis Challoumas, Hadjichristou Constantinos, Zaouras Panayiotis, Tingis 

Alexandros, Kavelis Zacharias, Apostolou Yiannis 

Absences: Zachariou Christina

5B 

5C 

First Row: Kleanthous Eleftherios, Kyprianou George, Assioti Savina, Lambrou Sophia, Psara Doinitsa, 

Kounna Chrystalla, Savva Michaella, Elia Despo 

Second Row: Mrs. Ioannou Eleni, David Patricia, Andronicou Theodora, Hadjiconstnti Kyriaki, Sidarok 

Krystina, Christofi Katerina, Georgiou Rafael, Mrs. Maria Ioannou 

Back Row:Kldiashvili Konstantin, Kldiashvili Kirill, Andreou Rafael, Kysela Petros, Menelaou Marios. 

Patsalos Kyriakos, Kyriakou Michalis 

First Row: Savva Sotiris, Pavlou Chrystalla, Charalambous Maria, Michael Christianna, Poulli Natali, 

Vasiliou Rafaela, Eftychiou Christianna, Kostikki Demetra 

Second Row: Eleni Ioannou, Koumantaris George, Pavlou Anna, Petrides Alkeos, Ellinas Danae, 

Demetriou Constantinos, Zourides George, Stylianou Zacharias, Kounnas Epiphanios, Sakkas Georgia, 

Apostolou Angela 

Back Row: Michael Antonis, Lappas Demetris, Alambritis Savvas, Zachariou Andreas, Manentzou Sokratis, 

Panayiotou George, Pasialountas Michalis, Charalambous Toumazos

5D 

6A 

First Row: Tanos Christos, Eracleous Nicoletta, Stavrou Varvara, Makri Theodora, Constantinou Antri, 

Gennadiou Michaella, Nicola Christina, Papoulias Emmanuel, Charalambous Nicholas 

Second Row: Mrs. Eleni Ioannou, Ioannou Lucy, Kekkou Rafaela, Issa Stella, Papageorgiou Elena, 

Timotheou Stavros, Zinonos Christoforos, Miss Maria Kkimitri 

Back Row: Challoumas Alexandros, Pelides Constantinos, Valiantis Demetris, Louca Andreas, Pa 

pacostas, Kyriacos, Hadjimatheou Giannis, Orphanides Giorgos, Vasiliou Stelios 

First Row: Ebrahim Sara, Xiourouppa Andri, Neophytou Elia, Kyriakou Maria, Christodoulou Irene, 

Mrs Evrilia Kayia. 

Second Row: Artemiou Panayiotis, Chasapis Yiannis, Georgallides Leonidas, Georgiou Pavlos, Pavlidou 

Maria, 

Back Row: Mr Michalis Ellinas, Mannouris Georgios, Valeev Marcel, Georgiou Christopher, Karaolis 

George, Andreou Andreas, Demetriou Demetris, Michael Critchley Spencer, Challoumas 

Michalis. 

Absences: Joannou Krystie, Kazamia Gavriella, Kotsapas Paraskevi, Koutsofta Nicole, Petrou Jack, 

Petrou Nicolletta, Hadjicostantinou Georgia.

6B 

6C 

First Row: Matsangou Anastasia, Santi Andrea, Loucatzie Irene, Karagiorgi Elizabeth, Symeou Kallistheni, 

Palate Kleopas 

Second Row: Mrs Frangesca Frangou, Theodorou Andreas, Shadarevian Demetra, Damianou Valentinos, 

Phokou Theophanis, Michael Marios, Mrs Evrilia Kiayia 

Back Row: Hadjisavas Georgios, Demetriou Christos, Papamichael Illane, Sergiou Sergios, Critchley 

Alex 

Absences: Pougioukka Constantinos, Demetriou Demetris, Samourides Andreas 

First Row: Theodorou Anastasia, Zimboulaki Faviola, Zinonos Niki, Christofidi Antri, Iacovou Marilena, 

Erotokritou Despo 

Second Row: Demetriou Gregoris, Toumazou Myrofora,Louka Thekli, Karagiorgi Marios, Athanasiou 

Charalambos, Kyriacou George, Marinou Marinos, Panayi Theocharis, Evrilia Kiayia 

Back Row: Patsalos Andreas, Georgiou Demetris, Alambritis Michalis, Ioulianou Andreas, 

Iakovou Anastasis, Sofokleous Andreas, Andronicou Michalis 

Absences: Iacovou Iacovina, Monoyios Christodoulos, Neophytou Andreas, Pittarides Gregoris,

From left to right: 

First Row: Andri Pentari, George Georgiadis, Marios Hadjivasiliou, Despina Lioliou, Costas 

Costa, Soterios Panayi. 

Second Row: Thegla Papastavrou, Stella Charalambous, Christina Thomaidou Pavlidou, 

Despina Kaittani, Christina Karaviotou, Maria Zingi, Maria Kkimitri, Denise Evgeniou, Irene 

Petrou, Aggela Venizelou, Eleni Ioannou, Michalis Ellinas 

Third Row: Eleni Christodoulou, Constantia Papamarkou, Georgia Markadji, Barvara 

Kounna, Lyghia-Christina Jeronymides, Maria Evangelidou, Joanna Panayi, Zena Alambritis, 

Andri Stavrou, Socratis Petrides. 

Fourth Row: Frangesca Frangou, Panayiota Demetriou, Maria Anastasiou, Lena Mahdessian, 

Myrto Michailas, Maria Ioannou, Eleni Malla, Marios Thoma, George Klokkaris, Andri 

Louca. 

Back Row: Gregoris Demetriou, Andrea Myriantopoulou, Constantina Constantinou, Angela 

Apostolou, Panayiota Athanasiou, Evey Pistola, Evrilia Kiayia, Demosthenis Kaoullas, 

Petros Kimitris, Michael Hielschler, Christoforos Alexandrou, Elpidoforos Anastasiou. 

Absences: Elias Kamaratos, Andros Avraam, Maria Theophilou, Andrea Andreou, Iliana 

Tsiapou, Elina Zevrou, Anna Shipettaris.

The Archery Club this year was held differently 

to previous 

years. Students of 

all classes who truly 

wished to learn to 

shoot a bow were 

invited to enrol in 

and train after school from 2-3:30 every 

Tuesday. 

The few, but dedicated 

athletes 

showed great improvement 

during 

the course of the 

year, testimony to 

which are the medals 

they have received at tournaments held 

by the Cyprus Archery Federation. 

Specifically, the athletes that distinguished 

themselves, are 

Lefteris Kleanthous 

(form 5), Michalis 

Michail (form 5), Costas 

Hadjicakou (form 

4), Christoforos 

Thoma (form 3) and Alexandra Taratynova 

(form 1). 

Congratulations to them all and wishes for 

an even better championship year next 

year! 

Club Leaders: Elias Kamaratos 

The PASCAL English School Larnaka Art 

Club, for the academic year 

2010-2011 aimed for another 

exciting year of creative art activities. 

The young art club enthusiasts 

were challenged to construct 

their own marionette puppets on 

string. With modelling clay, paint, fabric, 

feather and other various art materials, the outcome 

was exceptionally creative. 

One of the club days focused 

on lino printing, 

where the students had the 

opportunity to print their 

designs on paper and fabric 

which were later on sewn 

into lavender scented 

miniature pillows. 

Art Club members also constructed Christmas 

Charity Fundraising Ornaments. 

Every single little craft 

was sold! 

On the 4 th Art club day, a 

guest drama therapist, Roula 

Demetriou was invited to conduct the session. 

The aim…. for students to 

experience and comprehend 

a different conceptual 

self awareness of art 

and body movement; a 

means by which a self restricted 

barrier was broken 

down encouraging the students to become 

more expressive and confident. 

Club Leaders: Rodoula Anastasiou and 

Anna Shepettari

Club Leaders: 

Soterios Panayi, Giorgos Klokkaris 

Members: 15 

The aim of the club was to teach the basics 

of the game of Basketball to the 

students of PES Larnaca. 

Students 

that registered 

for the 

club took 

part in learning 

how to 

shoot, dribble 

and defend 

within 

the rules of 

Basketball 

while teachers 

made an effort to teach students 

how to be part of a team and how to 

take advantage of their skills in order to 

achieve the goal of winning a game of 

Basketball. 

During the 6 club days, members visited 

the Larnaca Kinotiko Center, where they 

were provided with a basketball court by 

the Cyprus Sports Organisation. This 

gave them the chance to practice every 

aspect surrounding the game in a secure 

environment, with a realistic impression 

of how it feels to participate in a real 

basketball game. 

Students seemed to enjoy the time 

spent on learning the fundamentals of 

basketball and really had fun. The club 

coordinators were pleased with the behaviour 

and enthusiasm and promised 

that they would keep the club running 

for the following academic year! 

The aim of the club 

was to en- hance 

team spirit to students, 

help them develop bowling techniques 

and also compete with each 

other while at the same time, have fun! 

We had 35 

members 

in our club. 

During the 

6 club days 

we have 

visited the 

K max 

Bowling 

centre and Rock N’ Bowl (in Dekelia 

road) three times . 

Students 

spent their 

time playing 

and enjoying 

games. 

Club Leaders: 

Georgia Markadji, Lena Mahdessian, 

Eleni Mala

Aim of club: 

The aim of this club 

was to make students 

aware of the existence 

of other cultural and 

religious sites and monuments in the town 

of Larnaca. The visit inspired a multicultural 

spirit that students should have when 

attending an International World School. 

Approximately there are 15 students in our 

club. 

Club day No2: 

Visit to Aradippou 

Municipality and 

Larnaca Police Station 

Club day No1: Visit to 

Angeloktisti Church and 

Hala Sultan Tekke 

Club day No3: Larnaca Firestation and 

EAC 

Club day No4: 

Pierides Museum, Ayios 

Lazaros church, 

Larnaca’s castle 

Club day No5: Ormideia 

Animal shelter 

Club day No6: Aradippou Dog Shelter 

Club Leaders : Andri Stavrou and 

Thekla Papastavrou 

The aim of the Dance 

Club was to develop the 

dancing skills of students 

in different genres 

such as Hip Hop, Break, 

Latin and Greek. 

On each club day, students 

visited Mambo 

Dance School and 

learned a different 

dance. 

The club leaders are Eleni Christodoulou 

and Christina Thomaides Pavlides, 

with approximately 26 members, mainly 

girls. 

All members really enjoyed the grooves and 

were eager to learn a new steps at every 

session

THIS CLUB WAS EXCLUSIVE TO OUR GRADUATING YEAR 6 STUDENTS AND 

OUR AIM WAS TO GIVE THEM WHAT THEY WANTED! 

THEY WANTED SOMETHING DIFFERENT SO ON THE FIRST CLUB DAY, THE 

‘ESC’ CLUB LEADERS CALLED THEIR BLUFF BY GOING CLIFF JUMPING AT 

THE SPECTACULAR CAPE GRECO SITE. SOON AFTER, WE HIKED TO KON- 

NOS BEACH, GIVING TIME FOR ADRENALINE TO RETURN TO NORMAL LEV- 

ELS! 

ON THE SECOND DAY, WE TOOK THE SIX FORMERS TO 

ALETHRICO WHERE THEY CHALLENGED TEACHERS AND 

PEERS TO A PAINTBALL BATTLE...THEY PROVED RUTHLESS IN 

ATTACK AND TOOK NO PRISONERS. 

OUR FOLLOWING SESSION WAS TO ‘K.O’ GYM IN ARADIPPOU. STUDENTS 

LEARNED BASIC MUAY THAI AND JUJITSU TECHNIQUES. THEY ALSO 

LEARNED NO TO TAKE ON MR GREGORIS FROM THE SCIENCE DEPART- 

MENT WHO SOON HAD THEM SUBMITTING, FACE DOWN ON THE COLD, 

GRIMY MATS. 

OTHER CLUB DAYS INCLUDED VISITING THE SANTA MARINA RETREAT 

WHICH OFFERED INDOOR CLIMBING STRUCTURES, A GOLF RANGE, A TOUR 

AROUND THE FIELDS AND HORSE RIDING. AT THIS EVENT, EVEN THE 

COACH DRIVER FOUND IT DIFFICULT TO KEEP UP WITH THE PACE. 

WE CHILLED OUT AT ‘KOT’ BEACH FOR THE FINAL DAY AND PLAYED EX- 

TREME VOLLEY BALL, IN EXTREMELY NICE CONDITIONS AND HAD AN EX- 

TREMELY GREAT TIME! 

NEEDLESS TO SAY, THERE WERE SOME PUPILS WHO OPTED NOT TO TAKE 

PART (COULDN’T HANDLE IT) IN SOME OF THESE SESSIONS. PERHAPS 

BOARD GAMES WOULD BE MORE FITTING FOR THEM, IF THERE WAS A NEXT 

TIME. THOSE THAT WERE WILLING AND THOSE THAT WERE GAME, WILL 

HAVE MANY MOMENTS TO REMEMBER. IN ANY CASE, WE WISH THE 

GRADUATES OF 2011 THE VERY BEST IN THEIR POST PASCAL ENDEAV- 

OURS. 

CLUB LEADERS: PETROS KIMITRS, GREGORIS DEMETRIOU, ELPIDOFOROS 

ANASTASIOU, DEMOS KAOULLAS, PANAGIOTA ATHANASIOU

Fitness 

Name of club: “Fitness Explosion” 

Aim of the club: The aim of the ‘fitness explosion’ 

club was to combine sports activities 

along with music entertainment. Students joining 

us, came in their Pascal PE kit and chose 

between gym, step aerobics classes (assisted 

by Mrs Andri Louca), or even futsal games. 

Club Leaders: Andri 

Louca and Maria 

Kkimitri 

Members: 35-40 students 

Description of club’s activities: During club 

days we visited a local gym in Larnaca, where 

students used the facilities 

for about an 

hour, and then anyone 

interested joined Mrs 

Andri with her step 

aerobics session, 

which usually lasted for 

about 40-45 minutes. A 

lunch break was mandatory, so after exhausting 

exercise we relaxed at the stadium’s cafeteria! 

Feedback from students: 

There has been 

very positive and encouraging 

feedback 

from the students involved 

in the fitness 

club, as they had the 

opportunity this year to take part in activities 

that were not offered in previous years. Most 

of the members of the club are well into sports 

and gym practices so for them it was really 

something they enjoyed doing.

We wanted to teach students 

to appreciate nature and cultural 

historical sites so we 

took to the outdoors. These 

are some of the outstanding 

sites we took in. 

Places we Visited: 

Stavrovouni 

Seacaves 

Nature reserve in Germasogia 

Chirokitia & The Old Serai 

Spilia Tis Athasias 

...sometimes, words 

just aren’t enough...

This year the horse-riding 

was under the guidance 

of Ms. Angela Apostolou 

and Ms. Christina 

Karaviotou. The club’s 

aim was to introduce students to the grace 

and beauty of the equestrian sport. 

All club days were spent 

at the Salt Lake Stables 

i n 

Dromolaxia where the 

staff not only guided 

and taught our students 

how to ride but also how 

to groom and care for the horses. 

The highlight of the year was the Gymkhana 

organized by the 

staff on our last club 

day where the students 

competed in many fun 

activities. 

The Jamming club was created to assemble 

both school choir and school band in to one ensemble. 

In order for a student to become a member of 

this club, they had to pass an audition where 

his/her talent was presented. 

Each member has a musical talent and the 

whole club consists of 14 members: singers, 

guitarists, violinists, bouzouki players, drummers 

and pianists. 

The aim of the club was to prepare for upcoming 

school events such as national celebrations, 

Christmas, Valentine’s Day etc. 

Besides preparing for school events, students 

had the opportunity to perform their own music 

choices as a group and exchange musical ideas 

regarding different musical genres. They have 

learned how to improvise music and realised 

how much work needs to be dedicated in order 

for a musical group to be successful. 

They also had the opportunity to visit a local 

radio station allowing them to talk on the air 

about their club activities and their school. 

According to some club members the Jamming 

club has motivated and encouraged them to expand 

their musical interests. New ideas have 

been proposed for future club activities on and 

off school grounds which are going to be considered. 

Club leaders: Andreas Avraam 

Andrea Andreou

Jewellery 

The Jewellery Making Club was formed 

mainly for girls. 

We wanted to show the students simple, 

clever and cheap ways to make their 

own jewellery by using different techniques, 

tools and material. 

Students who chose the club gained not 

only knowledge on how to create trendy, 

cheap and beautiful jewellery for themselves 

or friends, but also enjoyed every 

minute of it. 

Irene Petrou was the leader of the 

Club and Elina Zervou and Maria Anastasiou 

were the teachers who offered 

their valuable help. Our Club accommodated 

22 wonderful ladies. 

Mosaic 

This year, the Mosaics 

Club students 

worked with Ms. 

Varvara Kounnas 

and Ms. Denise 

Evgeniou on various projects where 

they decorated artifacts 

like mirrors, 

photo frames, tissue 

boxes and coasters 

to create some 

lovely work for their 

personal use. 

The first club day 

involved students 

visiting Helen’s Art 

Studio where they 

were shown how to 

cut tiles with the special cutters, how 

to glue and create designs on wood. 

The following club 

days were spent 

working on projects, 

grouting and shining 

the finished products

The aim of the photography club was to 

teach students the basics of photographic 

composition, lightning, photographing people, 

a s well as 

e s - sentials 

of im- age manipulation 

a n d correction 

using A d o b e 

P h o - toshop. 

M r . E l i a s 

Kamaratos, 

Ms Andri Pendari and Ms Constantia 

Papamarkou ran the club and they much 

enjoyed the opposrtunity 

of working with the students and showing 

eachother the ins and outs of digital 

photography. 

There were approximately 15 students who 

took an interest in this club and as well as 

taking pictures around the school on the five 

club days they also went on a trip to Faros 

when the weather improved in April. 

At Faros students took pictures of the lighthouse 

and the sea while at the same time 

enjoyed the sunny day on the beach. 

On the last club 

d a y students 

worked on Photoshop 

stitching 

their photos 

t o - gether to 

form a c o l l a g e 

of their photos of 

t h e previous 

club days. 

Included are some these collages created by 

the Photography club of 2010-2011. 

Our club was not only entertaining but also 

very productive as each and every student has 

managed to get a PADI certificate for open 

water. 

The first 

lessons 

were about 

learning 

the theory 

and applying 

it in 

swimming 

pools. 

Later on 

we went 

diving at 

sea in 

Protara. 

Everyb 

o d y 

enjoyed 

it and 

had fun!

AIM OF CLUB: To improve students’ swimming 

techniques and to 

introduce them to life saving 

skills in the water. The 

first two club days were 

spent practicing swimming 

skills such as entering 

the pool correctly, refining 

swimming strokes and turns. 

On the third day we 

found ourselves at the 

L i f e 

Saving 

Unit in 

L a r - 

naca’s Marina where the 

students enjoyed an interesting 

talk by three Life 

Saving Instructors. 

We carried on with a practical session on life 

saving skills on our 4 th day when students 

practiced on each other. Our 5 th day was 

spent at the ΓΣΖ stadium as part of the 

school’s sport day activities. We had great 

fun on our last splash in the pool where the 

students competed with each other in games. 

Club Leaders: Marios Thoma, Aspasia 

Manti, Lyghia Jeronymides 

GIRLS SELF DEFENCE 

Many people think of selfdefence 

as a karate kick to 

the groin or jab to the eyes 

of an attacker. 

But self 

-defence actually means 

doing everything possible 

to avoid fighting someone 

who threatens or attacks 

you. Self-defence is all 

about using your smarts, 

not your fists. But if you cannot avoid a fight, 

learn at least how to enjoy it! 

T h i s 

year we 

had 26 

girls 

w h o 

really 

enjoyed and learned lots of 

techniques and this is the program 

that we followed throughout 

the year: 

1 st Club Day – GSZ Stadium - 

Judo 

2 nd Club Day – GSZ Stadium - 

Judo 

3rd Club Day – Barbarian Gym – Kick Boxing 

4 th Club Day – Barbarian 

Gym – Kick Boxing-yoga 

5 th Club Day – Aspida 

Team – Brazilian Jiu Jitsu 

6 th Club Day – GSZ Stadium 

- Judo 

Club Leaders: Despina Kaitani, Stella- 

Charalambous

Hello, we are 

Also known as the ‘Ping-Pong’ club, Table Tennis 

Maria- is a new club within the grounds of Pascal English 

Christina Zingi and School Larnaka. Its club leaders are Mr Michalis 

Christoforos 

Ellinas and Mr Sokratis Petrides who are respon- 

Alexandrou 

and we are responsible for the Tennis Club. 

sible for developing this new sport in school. The 

main aim of the club is to teach members the basic 

Our aims for the club 

rules and techniques of the game and hopefully 

were to teach our mem- 

help them learn how to play. 

bers how to play tennis 

and to teach them basic 

It is important to note that there was a great response 

for joining the club and we managed to 

techniques and hopefully we may have a Ten- 

serve the interest of around 50 pupils. Club activinis 

Club in the future that can compete with 

ties were held on school premises during the six 

other schools. 

club days. Two fully equipped rooms were created 

in order to serve the club’s needs in which table 

tennis rules and techniques were successfully 

We have had six club days 

taught and various in-school tournaments organ- 

during which we taught the 

ized. 

children how to use the ten- 

nis racquet 

At last, it is important to stress the fact that most of 

correctly and techniques in 

the students were highly satisfied with the creation 

both forehand and back- 

of this new club and therefore we managed to rehand 

strokes. Members also 

ceive positive feedback which was encouraging in 

had a chance to learn the service, volley, slice helping us to decide on its running the following 

and how to topspin the 

academic year. 

ball. 

All these skills were 

taught and practiced dur- 

ing our club days and on our last day we held 

a tournament where the students competed

As club leaders we were aiming to 

show our students what goes on behind 

closed curtains and what it takes 

to put on a production. 

There were 15 

members in our 

club who showed 

enthusiasm and 

genuine interest in 

the whole process, 

which can be exciting and extremely 

rewarding though laborious at times. 

During the six-day clubs programme, 

the following occurred: 

Actor-producer, Mr Xenios 

Xenofontos visited 

us on school premises 

and spoke to us about 

the whole industry surrounding 

theatre in Cyprus. 

Acting coach Mrs Flora 

Charalambous Pasavva 

gave our members lessons 

and showed us 

how to use make up to 

achieve a more mature 

look. She also showed 

us how to form realistically 

gruesome wounds. It goes without 

saying that students enjoyed these 

sessions. 

CLUB LEADERS: ANGELA VENIZELOU AND 

ELENI IOANNOU 

fitness. 

‘Yoga’ means union between 

the mind, body 

and soul. It is the perfect 

way to ensure overall 

health and physical 

The aim of the club is to help members 

to create a balance between the body 

and the mind, and to accomplish all of 

the above. 

In all, there were ten 

members, and the club 

leaders are Evrilia 

Kiaya and Maria Evangelidou. 

During club days we visited 

a yoga studio where 

our students were 

taught different postures 

and exercises from an 

excellent teacher. 

They loved it and most 

of them will continue 

practicing yoga, as 

they found it really interesting.

The second of our two-year Comenius project involving schools from Germany, 

Finland, Denmark, Turkey, Slovenia, France and Cyprus started with Mr Elias 

Kamaratos and Mrs Maria Anastasiou taking Raphael Matsangos and Stella 

Kakoulli of from 3 on a memorable trip to Germany. Visits to an open cut coal 

mine, a glass factory and the Berlin wall stood out during this trip. 

In February Mrs Denise Evgeniou and Ms Despina Kaittani travelled to Slovenia 

with Elina Andreou and Tonia Yerolemou also of form 3. Although it was very cold 

it remains an unforgettable experience for all as warm friendships were forged. 

The Comenius Project drew to a close in April when Mr. Kamaratos and five students 

Charalambos Lappas, Joanna Georgiadis, Chrysanthi Evangelou, Christina 

Thoupou and Kallia Athanasiou boarded a flight to Helsinki, Finland. It was the beginning 

of spring and the ice in bay of Helsinki was just beginning to melt. This 

didn’t stop Charalambos however, from diving into the frozen waters after coming 

out of a hot sauna. During the closing concert Joanna mesmerized the students 

teachers and parents by singing at the closing concert. 

Workshops, concerts and educational visits were in the programme for all the 

Comenius trips and much credit must 

go to the organizers for doing a 

wonderful job as to the hosting families 

who made all students feel welcome 

and at home. 

The Comenius Project is a wonderful 

opportunity for students and teachers 

to make new friends and meet 

new cultures. We look forward to 

participating in more such projects in 

the future.

THE HE GLASS 

LASS MENAGERIE 

ENAGERIE 

THE 

Date: 23rd March 2011 

This year, PASCAL English School Larnaka put on the theatrical play, ‘The 

Glass Menangerie’ with great success. On the 23 rd of May, the Founder’s Theatre 

was full to the brim with spectators waiting to watch this magical performance. 

Our actors were fantastic and got rave reviews. They included, Sergios 

Sergiou, Irene Christodoulou, Mariam Venizelou, Andreas Sophokleous, Georgia 

Hadjiconstantionou. Other students that played an important role in the 

making, are Michaella Gennadiou, Barbara Paschali, Stella Issa and Savvas 

Alambritis. Back Stage hands were George Karaolis and Faviola Zimboulakis. 

THE GLASS MENAGERIE is a memory play, and its action is 

drawn from the memories of the narrator, Tom Wingfield. Tom 

is a character in the play, which is set in St. Louis in 1937. He is 

an aspiring poet who toils in a shoe warehouse to support his 

mother, Amanda, and sister, Laura. Mr. Wingfield, Tom and 

Laura’s father, ran off years ago and, except for one postcard, has 

not been heard from since. 

Amanda, originally from a genteel Southern family, regales her 

children frequently with tales of her idyllic youth and the scores 

of suitors who once pursued her. She is disappointed that Laura, 

who wears a brace on her leg and is painfully shy, does not attract 

any gentlemen callers. She enrols Laura in a business college, 

hoping that she will make her own and the family’s fortune 

through a business career. Weeks later, however, Amanda discovers 

that Laura’s crippling shyness has led her to drop out of 

the class secretly and spend her days wandering the city alone. 

Amanda then decides that Laura’s last hope must lie in marriage 

and begins selling magazine subscriptions to earn the extra 

money she believes will help to attract suitors for Laura. Meanwhile, 

Tom, who loathes his warehouse job, finds escape in liquor, 

movies, and literature, much to his mother’s chagrin. During 

one of the frequent arguments between mother and son, Tom 

accidentally breaks several of the glass animal figurines that are 

Laura’s most prized possessions. 

Amanda and Tom discuss Laura’s prospects, and Amanda asks 

Tom to keep an eye out for potential suitors at the warehouse. 

Tom selects Jim O’Connor, a casual friend, and invites him to 

dinner. Amanda quizzes Tom about Jim and is delighted to learn 

that he is a driven young man with his mind set on career advancement. 

She prepares an elaborate dinner and insists that 

Laura wear a new dress. At the last minute, Laura learns the 

name of her caller; as it turns out, she had a devastating crush on 

Jim in high school. When Jim arrives, Laura answers the door, on 

Amanda’s orders, and then quickly disappears, leaving Tom and 

Jim alone. 

Time: 1.30hrs 

Directors: Mrs Angela Venizelou and Eleni Ioannou 

Tom confides to Jim that he has used the money for his family’s 

electric bill to join the merchant marine and plans to leave his 

job and family in search of adventure. Laura refuses to eat dinner 

with the others, feigning illness. Amanda, wearing an ostentatious 

dress from her glamorous youth, talks vivaciously with 

Jim throughout the meal. 

As dinner is ending, the lights go out as a consequence of the 

unpaid electric bill. The characters light candles, and Amanda 

encourages Jim to entertain Laura in the living room while she 

and Tom clean up. Laura is at first paralyzed by Jim’s presence, 

but his warm and open behaviour soon draws her out of her 

shell. She confesses that she knew and liked him in high school 

but was too shy to approach him. They continue talking, and 

Laura reminds him of the nickname he had given her: “Blue 

Roses,” an accidental corruption of pleurosis, an illness Laura 

had in high school. He reproaches her for her shyness and low 

self-esteem but praises her uniqueness. Laura then ventures to 

show him her favorite glass animal, a unicorn. Jim dances with 

her, but in the process, he accidentally knocks over the unicorn, 

breaking off its horn. Laura is forgiving, noting that now the 

unicorn is a normal horse. Jim then kisses her, but he quickly 

draws back and apologizes, explaining that he was carried away 

by the moment and that he actually has a serious girlfriend. Resigned, 

Laura offers him the broken unicorn as a souvenir. 

Amanda enters the living room, full of good cheer. Jim hastily 

explains that he must leave because of an appointment with his 

fiancée. Amanda sees him off warmly but, after he is gone, turns 

on Tom, who had not known that Jim was engaged. Amanda 

accuses Tom of being an inattentive, selfish dreamer and then 

throws herself into comforting Laura. From the fire escape outside 

of their apartment, Tom watches the two women and explains 

that, not long after Jim’s visit, he gets fired from his job 

and leaves Amanda and Laura behind. Years later, though he 

travels far, he finds that he is unable to leave behind guilty 

memories of Laura.

WINTER 

Snow covers all things 

Freezing all inside. 

Like a crunchy white blanket 

Ben Timm 4A 

TIGER 

Tiger wide awake 

Lying watching in the brush 

Waiting for dinner . 

Abbey Bothe 4A 

COLD 

Such freezing weather 

Cold, slippery ice. 

Unpleasant, with a shiver 

Sophia Tingi& Mona 

Mooraei 4B 

MUSIC 

Song, melodic sounds 

Drawn deep into your heart 

Exhilarating. 

VasiliaKoumandari& Stephanie 

Porphyriou 4A 

FEARFEAR 

The wind is whirling 

No voice, only breath. 

The man is sleeping, 

I seek a hide-out 

While my terrifying fear 

Is trapped in my mind 

Demetra Georgiou 4A 

TEARS 

Unchangeable pain 

Drops of heartbroken pain Flowing 

Bend my sanity. 

Eleni Costa 4B 

SALMON 

Salmon in the stream 

Fighting the raging torrent 

Fighting for its life. 

George Sandlers & Jack Jenkins 

4A

What is the point of living if everything you live for is gone? 

The key rattled in the lock. ‘Stand back and face the wall,’ came the harsh voice of the security guard. He dumped 

a brown lumpy stew in front of me, his brown eyes looking at me with hatred. The stew wafted towards me, making 

me gag on the putrid smell of rotten vegetables and old meat. The door slammed shut and I was locked up 

once again. 

The blank walls stared at me, making me feel like a caged animal. The bed groaned heavily as I sat down on it. I 

looked up at the barred window. There was no breeze to cool the stifling air. I began to gasp for breath, feeling 

claustrophobic; the air pressed in on me making the sweat marks on my shirt grow. I blinked once and then I saw 

the flames. 

They were hungrily devouring the houses. The acrid smell burnt my throat. I was screaming. My house was on 

fire. Then the white walls of the prison cell came into view. I fell to the floor and rolled into a ball. Why was this 

happening to me? Tears poured down my face. ‘I’m innocent!’ I screamed but no-one heard me. No-one answered. 

I was trapped! 

I remember that night. I was walking down the dark road, laughing to myself. I might have drunk a bit more than 

I had intended to, but it was a party after all. I skipped along the streets, in my own world, until I saw the strong 

orange glow. 

The cold night air hand suddenly hit me. I knew something was wrong. I began running towards the orange thing, 

towards my house. I turned the corner and stared uncomprehendingly at the house on fire. It was mine! I had 

jumped over the back fence and walked into my garden. ‘James!’ I screamed. My husband was in that house with 

four of his friends. I was too late. I opened the back door choking on the fumes. I watched a photo of me and my 

husband being eaten up by the flames. My feet crunched the pieces of debris and glass as I ran. 

I knew I could die but I had to find him. Thick smoke came from the kitchen. There was fire everywhere; it was 

burning my skin. I slammed into the kitchen door. The fire suddenly blew outwards, burning my face. Before I 

ran, I glanced into the room. Five figures lay on the floor. I stared at one of them. I watched the fire lick away 

my husband’s face. Then I ran. 

I was accused of murder. Many witnesses had seen an almost drunk woman running out of the door. The parents 

of the other victims had wanted justice. I was sent to prison. I was locked up. I was innocent. 

I stared at the filthy floor. I had to escape from here. It is killing me, but I don’t have the key. In my mind, the 

cell suddenly erupted in flames. I began screaming. ‘Give me the key! I’m innocent! GIVE ME THE KEY!’ My 

nails began scratching the door. They became bloody stubs but I still continued. The fire was choking me. The 

acrid smell burnt my throat. 

‘Stand back and face the wall.’ I heard the words from a distance. My ears were ringing from the explosion that 

made my house collapse. I suddenly knew how to escape. It wasn’t the cell key I needed. It was something better, 

stronger, more final. I stood backwards as the flames engulfed me. The guard came in, shouting and pointing. 

I lunged at him. 

I ripped the gun out of his holster, leaving bloody marks where my fingers had touched it. I pulled the gun towards 

me. The cold metal touched my head. ‘This is my key to happiness,’ was my last thought before my fingers 

closed around the trigger. 

What is the point of living if everything you live for is gone? 

By Katerina Kavourides 3B 

(Winning Essay Competition story between all Pascal schools)

What was the Short-Term Significance 

of the Blitzkrieg Tactic? 

The Blitzkrieg was a strategy used by the Germans 

in World War 2 and even though they ultimately 

suffered defeat its short term effects cannot be underestimated 

nor can its tactical ingenuity for that 

time, proof of which can be found in the fact that it 

was used in recent times during the Gulf Wars. The 

Blitzkrieg was one of the pinnacle tools of Germany’s 

early success along with Hitler’s hold on 

power and Germany’s economy. One could argue 

that without it the course of the war would have 

been drastically altered or ultimately prevented. 

Earlier use of 

a smaller 

scale Blitzkrieg 

was 

used by General 

Edmund 

Allenby during 

the Battle 

of Megiddo 

in September 

1918 . The 

first major 

use of the 

Blitzkrieg 

was in 1939 

when Poland 

was invaded. 

This of course forced Britain and France to declare 

war on Germany but more importantly, this was the 

first introduction of the Blitzkrieg and its use of 

technology. This however has been argued by historians 

such as Matthew Cooper who stated that the 

Blitzkrieg effects were, “only incidental by-products 

of the traditional manoeuvres”. None the less, Poland’s 

downfall would not have been as swift had it 

not been for the Blitzkrieg. 

One could argue that had the Germans invaded more 

“traditionally” this would have given time for 

France and Britain to react and send help to Poland 

making German fight a war on both fronts. This in 

turn could have proved disastrous. However, the 

Blitzkrieg gave the Germans victory to turn its attention 

on France with few loses. 

The same claim can be made in France. The French 

had established the Maginot line which was to be 

used against the Germans. This can be seen as proof 

that the French were expecting a trench war much 

like World War 1. However, the Germans’ Blitz 

allowed them to 

bypass the 

Maginot line 

and surrounded 

it by making a 

daring advance 

through the Ardennes 

region in 

Belgium. It was 

clear that 

through the use of the Blitzkrieg Germany was able 

to completely out-manoeuvre and overwhelm 

France, who were unprepared for this type of war. 

This is shown in the French President (of the Ministerial 

Council) Reynaud’s speech who commented 

on the collapse on 21 May 1940, “The truth is that 

our classic conception of the conduct of war has 

come up against a new conception…” One could 

also argue that had the Germans not used Blitzkrieg 

and invaded head on into the Maginot line the war 

would have been drawn out and had given time for 

the Allies to react and reorganize and possible defeat 

the Germans whose war potential was still developing. 

The Blitzkrieg also eliminated British 

forces in France by advancing through Belgium and 

eliminating the BEF. We can see that the main principle 

of Blitzkrieg, made clear in its detention of 

“lighting war”, 

was to eliminate 

the enemy before 

it had time 

to prepare and 

plunge it into 

chaos. By doing 

this Hitler was 

able to take control 

over Europe 

and focus on the 

USSR. It can be concluded that had it not been for 

the blitzkrieg the whole invasion of Russia would 

have been impossible due to fear of war on both 

fronts.

Prior to the war the Nazi had secured their hold on 

power. However, it was not absolute. There was 

still opposition from the population which can be 

seen from D.J.K.Peukert, who said, “…the longer 

the regime lasted, the less popular it became.” The 

Blitzkrieg helped change that as new, quick victories 

strengthened Hitler’s support among the population. 

This in turn allowed him to stay in power. Had 

the war against France been prolonged, the regime’s 

support would have faded away and opposition 

would have used it to their advantage. In that scenario 

one could claim that the Blitzkrieg was the 

main reason for the continuation of Hitler’s rule and 

the support of the Nazi war machine. Blitzkrieg also 

aided the German economy. Even though unemployment 

fell from 7.4 percent these were only due 

to short term effects such as road building or construction. 

The Blitz helped stimulate the German 

economy by increasing pressure on industrialization 

and as Overy stated, “…by spring of 1940, the German 

economy was set on the path of full mobilization”. 

The Blitzkrieg not only increased demand for industrial 

labour but also presented opportunity to capture 

enemy goods from occupied countries and sending 

them back to Germany to increase the wealth of the 

population and strengthen support as well as decrease 

poverty. As Ian Kershaw stated, “…only 

through expansion-impossible without war-would 

Germany, and the national Socialist regime, survive” 

However a long war would put strain on both 

the economy which had not fully recovered from the 

First World War, as well as keeping the population 

in place. As such it can be stated that through the 

Blitzkrieg the war was able to continue and the Nazi 

regime be maintained. Also, due to the British 

blockage there was a large scarcity of resources. It 

is unlikely that Germany would have been able, or 

supported, to continue the war without the Blitzkrieg 

victories and foreign resources plunder. Had 

it not been for an overwhelming defeat the Nazi 

would have been forced to introduce rationalization 

and one should not underestimate the extent of possible 

opposition within the early years of the regime. 

During the blockade the German economy was 

aided by Russian aid and Williamson stated that 

“ironically, it was probably only Russian assistance 

that prevented an early German economic collapse…” 

One main benefit that Blitzkrieg brought was solidifying 

the partnership between the Nazi regime and 

the German elite: the army. Hitler had strengthened 

his hold on the army through the “night of the long 

knives” and by the oath swore to him as well as 

gaining support through rearmament . 

However many still some still opposed Hitler’s 

ambitions such as Field Marshal von Blomberg 

and General von Fritsch who believed that Germany 

was unprepared. Both were eliminated. 

However, this showed the army was still lacking 

faith in Hitler. The Blitzkrieg fast victories over 

France quickly earned Hitler the view of a tactical 

genius and secured the army’s support. Had the 

war not been won so quickly, opposition within the 

army would have grown as it did when the tide 

turned and in 1944 when a failed bomb plot was 

carried out. As such if the Blitzkrieg had failed, 

army opposition would have grown towards Hitler 

and the German war effort would have been crippled. 

The blitz strengthened the Nazi resolve allowing 

it to push further into the war. This also 

allowed the army to gain both the experience and 

confidence it needed before attempting operation 

Barbarossa in Soviet Russia. 

Operation Barbarossa, which of course ended in 

failure, was the combination of all the previous 

tactics learned by the Nazi. As mentioned earlier 

the Blitzkrieg eliminated the possibility of war on 

two fronts and had created enough breathing space 

to launch an attack against communist Russia. In 

its early stages the operation was a success. German 

took large portions of Russian soil. Even 

though some historians such as Kitchen state that, 

“the army which was thrown against the Soviet 

Union was only marginally larger…that which invaded 

France.” This again provided, yet limited 

due to the policy of “scorched earth” , raw resources 

and economic aid. It also provided opportunity 

to introduce forced labour camps. More importantly 

the large areas taken via the Blitzkrieg 

allowed the incarceration of the many Jews on the 

west of Russia which was ultimately Hitler’s goal. 

The Blitzkrieg allowed the Germans, as in France 

and Poland, to eliminate the air force of the USSR 

which in the short term, gave them a huge advantage 

over the enemy and paved the way to victory 

while the enemy would have to rebuild their losses. 

As we can see the Blitzkrieg did not focus on a 

“fair” fight but rather the use of surprise and crippling 

the enemies counter attack power and machinery. 

As in the other cases had the Russians 

been able to mount a successful counter attack of 

defensive perimeter, the war would have taken a 

different turn. However, Germany invaded without 

a declaration of war and the soviets were 

caught unaware. This can be seen in a soviet 

broadcast, “Today at 4 o'clock a.m., without any 

claims having been presented to the Soviet Union, 

without a declaration of war, German troops attacked 

our country.”

In the end however with the fall of winter, whereby 

the soldiers were, “scarcely better equipped” than 

in France, Germany was 

pushed back and morale 

sank as a German pilot, 

Theodor Plotte wrote, 

“the crew mutinied. They 

didn’t want to fight anymore…” 

The Blitzkrieg also 

proved to be a valuable 

show of power to potential allies such as Italy, although 

there tactical use can be questioned. They 

provided support to Germany through the war until 

their defeat in 1945 in the Spring offensive. However, 

it is doubtful that Italy would have joined the 

war even though its dictator Benito Mussolini had 

close relations to Hitler and political similarities. 

Though the Blitzkrieg however Hitler was able to 

bring Italy on its side and secure an alliance if the 

two powers. Had the war again stretched out, Italia’s 

involvement would have been unlikely. 

Blitzkrieg didn’t only bring short term effects on 

land and sea. In the battle of Britain Germany engaged 

in a Blitzkrieg 

compromised solely of 

Arial assaults and 

bombing raids. The 

Blitz here was intended 

to destroy morale 

through bombing raids. 

However some claimed 

that “No decisive success 

can be expected from terror attacks on residential 

areas.” One can argue that even if it did 

strengthen morale in the short run it would have 

been damaging to 

the populations 

sense of security. 

As one British politician 

recalls 

“Everyone is worried 

about the feeling 

in the East End, 

where there is much bitterness” But it can be stated 

that the blitz was more damaging to the Germans as 

it failed in its main objective to bomb Britain into 

submission and only served to divert its air forces 

from the eastern front as well as suffering heavy 

loses. 

Many such as O’Neill stated, 

“What makes this story worth 

telling is the development of 

one idea: the Blitzkrieg. The 

German Army had a greater 

grasp of the effects of technology 

on the battlefield, and 

went on to develop a new 

form of warfare by which its 

rivals, when it came to the 

test, were hopelessly outclassed.” 

However many others claimed, such as 

German historian Karl-Heinz Frieser, that the notion 

of 'Blitzkrieg' was "a worldwide delusion." 

The Blitzkrieg success was clearly due to the outdated 

tactics of the Allies particular the French 

who underestimated the tactical use of tanks and 

aircraft. 

However one should not underestimate the Blitzkrieg 

as being simply a tool for war. It had a much 

larger impact on politics 

back in Germany 

as well as economic 

effects and foreign support 

during the early 

stages of the war. 

These short terms ultimately 

lead to total war 

which would have been 

largely impossible without the use of the Blitzkrieg.

1089 ΚΑΙ ΟΛΑ ΑΥΤΑ 

ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ 

Η εργασία αυτή έχει ως κύριο στόχο να αναδείξει την μαγεία των μαθηματικών που περικλείεται σε 

όμορφα θεωρήματα, με υπέροχες αποδείξεις και σημαντικές εφαρμογές. Η εργασία μας χωρίζεται 

σε δύο μέρη. Στο πρώτο μέρος τονίζουμε την σημασία και συνάμα την ομορφιά της απόδειξης στα 

μαθηματικά. Στην προσπάθεια μας αυτή καταπιανόμαστε με αποδείξεις διαφορετικού τύπου κάποιων 

θεωρημάτων από την άλγεβρα και την γεωμετρία καθώς και κάποιας ενδιαφέρουσας ιδιότητας 

των τριψήφιων αριθμών σε σχέση με τον αριθμό 1089. Στο δεύτερο μέρος κάνουμε μια ιστορική 

αναδρομή σε κάποιες από τις σημαντικότερες έννοιες των μαθηματικών όπως το π και το e δίνοντας 

ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στις εφαρμογές τους στην γεωμετρία, την τοπολογία, τις σειρές και τις πιθανότητες. 

Η εργασία μας βασίζεται στο εξαιρετικό βιβλίο “1089 and all that, a journey into mathematics” 

του διακεκριμένου μαθηματικού David Acheson. 

Μέρος Α 

Η επίλυση προβλημάτων και ασκήσεων στα μαθηματικά είναι από μόνη της μια πνευματική πρόκληση. 

Η έξυπνη χρήση των θεωρημάτων και ιδιοτήτων που οδηγούν στην επίλυση είναι μια δημιουργική 

εργασία που διεγείρει το μυαλό. Η ικανοποίηση της λύσης είναι μοναδική. Η απόδειξη 

όμως είναι αυτό που σε κάνει να ενθουσιάζεσαι, να θαυμάζεις τα μαθηματικά, να τα ερωτεύεσαι! 

Θα προσπαθήσουμε να αναδείξουμε το πιο πάνω, παρουσιάζοντας μερικές απλές αλλά πολύ κομψές 

αποδείξεις κάποιων σημαντικών μαθηματικών εννοιών. 

Α1. . 

Αν α,β και γ είναι οι πλευρές ενός ορθογωνίου τριγώνου και η γ είναι η μεγαλύτερη 

πλευρά (υποτείνουσα) τότε . Αυτό δεν είναι άλλο από το Πυθαγόρειο 

θεώρημα, ένα από τα διασημότερα θεωρήματα των μαθηματικών. 

Ενας όμορφος τρόπος να αποδείξουμε το θεώρημα γεωμετρικά είναι ο πιο κάτω. 

Παίρνουμε ένα τετράγωνο με πλευρά α+β και δημιουργούμε εσωτερικά τέσσερα 

τρίγωνα με πλευρες α,β,γ όπως φαίνεται στο σχήμα. 

Ως αποτέλεσμα δημιουργείται ένα τετράγωνο με εμβαδόν . 

Τώρα ας σκεφτούμε ότι τα τρίγωνα είναι άσπρα χαλάκια σε 

σκούρο πάτωμα. Η επιφάνεια του πατώματος που είναι ελεύθε- 

ρη έχει έμβαδον . Μετακινούμε τα τρίγωνα κατα τέτοιο τρόπο 

ώστε να κατάλαβουν τις νέες τους θέσεις όπως φαίνεται στο 

σχήμα. 

Το εμβαδόν του πατώματος που είναι ελεύθερο αποτελείται από δύο τετράγωνα. Το ένα έχει πλευρά 

α και το άλλο πλευρα β, έτσι μαζί έχουν εμβαδον Αυτό σημαίνει ότι η ελεύθερη επιφάνεια 

τώρα έχει εμβαδόν . Το εμβαδόν της ελεύθερης επιφάνειας όμως πρέπει να είναι το ίδιο. 

Άρα, 

.

Α2. . 

Στην άλγεβρα συναντάμε συχνά ταυτότητες οι οποίες είναι πολύ χρήσιμες στην 

επίλυση εξισώσεων. Μια από αυτές είναι 

Για παράδειγμα 

Πιο κάτω παρουσιάζουμε μια γεωμετρική απόδειξη της ταυτότητας. 

Σχηματίζουμε ένα τετράγωνο με πλευρα χ+α όπως φαίνεται στο σχήμα. 

Το εσωτερικό του τετραγώνου μπορεί να χωριστεί σε τέσσερα μέρη: 

τετράγωνο με πλευρά χ δίνοντας εμβαδόν . 

τετράγωνο με πλευρά α δίνοντας εμβαδόν . 

ορθογώνιο με πλευρές χ και α δίνοντας εμβαδόν . 

ορθογώνιο με πλευρές χ και α δίνοντας εμβαδόν . 

Άθροισμα εμβαδών στο εσωτερικό= + + + = . 

Εμβαδόν τετραγώνου με πλευρά 

x a 

Το εμβαδόν του τετραγώνου 

ισούται με 

( x a )( x 

a ) 

( x 

2 

a ) . 

πρέπει να 

ισούται με το αθροισμα των εμβαδών του εσωτερικού, άρα 

Α3. Το 2 

είναι άρρητος! 

x 

2 

x 

2 

a 

2 

2 

a ax ax 

ax 

ax 

2 x 

2 ax 

 

a 

Όλοι οι αριθμοί που μπορούν να γραφτούν σαν λόγος δύο ακεραίων αριθμών ονομάζονται ρητοί. Όλοι οι άλλοι που δεν 

μπορούν να γραφτούν με αυτό τον τρόπο ονομάζονται άρρητοι. Ένας από αυτούς είναι το 

2 

.Θα αποδείξουμε ότι 

το 

2 

είναι άρρητος χρησιμοποιώντας την μέθοδο της εις άτοπον απαγωγής. 

Υποθέτουμε ότι το 2 

ΔΕΝ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΑΡΡΗΤΟΣ άρα μπορεί να γραφτεί σαν κλάσμα. Δηλαδή στην πιο απλοποιημένη 

του μορφή γράφεται ως όπου το m και το n είναι ακέραιοι χωρίς κοινούς παράγοντες. 

Στη συνέχεια υψώνουμε στο τετράγωνο και τις δύο πλευρές και παίρνουμε 

2 

m 

2 2 

n 

2 . 

, δηλαδή Αυτό 

2 2 

m 2 

n . 

2 2 

2 

m 

2 2 

n m n 

m 

2 

m 

2 

n 

a 

ax 

ax 

σημαίνει ότι το είναι 2 φορές ένας ακέραιος αριθμός ( ) άρα το είναι ζυγός αριθμός. Όμως αν το 

είναι ζυγός αυτό σημαίνει ότι το m είναι ζυγός γιατί 

(μονός) 

(μονός) = (μονός) ενώ (ζυγός) 

(ζυγός) = (ζυγός). 

Τώρα, αφού το m 

είναι ζυγός σημαίνει ότι το m 

μπορεί να γραφτεί ώς 2r όπου το r είναι ακέραιος. Μα αυτό ση- 

2 

2 2 2 2 2 

2 2r r 

2 2 2 2 

2 

2 2 

n 

4 

r 

n 

2 

r 

 

2 

μαίνει ότι n 

2 

n 

n 

είναι ζυγός και επομένως το είναι ζυγός. 

Δηλαδή σύμφωνα με την αρχική μας υπόθεση ότι το 

2 

m 

n 

δεν είναι άρρητος καταληγούμε ότι το και το είναι 

ζυγοί αριθμοί. Αυτό όμως έρχεται σε αντίθεση με το ότι το m και το n είναι ακέραιοι χωρίς κοινούς παράγοντες γιατί 

n 

22 

2 

. 

m 

22 

m 

2

δύο ζυγοί παντα διαιρούνται με το 2. Αρα η αρχική μας υπόθεση είναι λανθασμένη που σημαίνει ότι το 

είναι άρρητος! 

Α4. 1089 

Σκεφτείτε ένα τριψήφιο αριθμό όπου το πρώτο με το τελευταίο ψηφίο διαφέρουν κατά 2 ή περισσότερο ,(π.χ 

732). 

Τώρα αντιστρέψτε τον και αφαιρέστε τον μικρότερο από τον μεγαλύτερο, δηλαδή για παράδειγμα , 

732 – 237 = 495. 

Τέλος αντιστρέψτε τον νέο τριψήφιο αριθμό και προσθέστε, 

Ας δούμε ακόμα ένα παράδειγμα, 

Και ακόμα ένα, 

495 + 594= 1089. 

613 – 316 = 297, 

297 + 792 = 1089. 

856 – 658 = 198, 

198 + 891 = 1089. 

Αυτό ισχύει για όλους τους τριψήφιους και εμείς θα το αποδείξουμε! 

Κάθε τριψήφιος αριθμός όπου το πρώτο με το τελευταίο ψηφίο διαφέρουν κατά 2 ή περισσότερο μπορεί να γραφτεί 

ως εξής: 

100(x+n) + 10y + x όπου x,y,n ακέραιοι και n 2. 

Αντιστρέφουμε και αφαιρούμε, 

100(x+n) + 10y + x - (100x + 10y +x+ n ) 

= 100x + 100n + 10y + x -100x-10y –x – n 

= 99n. 

Για, 

 

n=2, 99n = 99 

 

2=198 

n=3, 99n = 99 

3= 297 

 

n=4, 99n = 99 

 

4=396 

Παρατηρούμε ότι το πρώτο ψηφίο ισούται πάντα με n-1 , τo μεσαίο με 9 και το τελευταίο με 

10-n. 

Άρα η διαφορά 99n μπορεί να γραφτεί ως 100(n-1)+10 

 

9+ (10-n). 

Αντιστρέφουμε και προσθέτουμε, 

 

100(n-1)+10 

 

9+ (10-n) 

+ 

100(10-n)+10 

 

9+ (n-1) 

--------------------------------- 

100n-100+90+10-n+1000-100n+90+n-1 

= 1089! 

2

Μέρος Β 

Σε αυτό το μέρος θα ασχοληθούμε με δύο ιδιαίτερους αριθμούς στα μαθηματικά το π και το e που εμφανίζονται 

σχεδόν συνέχεια σε διάφορους τομείς των μαθηματικών. 

Το π το πρωτοσυναντούμε όταν μελετούμε την περιφέρεια και το εμβαδόν του κύκλου. Ο λόγος της περιφέρειας 

ενός κύκλου προς την διάμετρο του ισούται πάντα με ένα σταθερό αριθμό, τον ίδιο για όλους τους κύκλους. Αυτός 

ο αριθμός είναι το π = 3.14159…. του οποίου τα ψηφία είναι άπειρα. 

Αν συμβολίσουμε την περιφέρεια με C και την διάμετρο με d τότε . 

Αν συμβολίσουμε το εμβαδόν του κύκλου με Α και την ακτίνα του με r τότε 

Το π λόγω της σχέσης του με τον κύκλο δε μας εκπλήσσει που εμφανίζεται στους διάφορους τύπους που μας 

δίνουν τον όγκο και εμβαδόν παράπλευρης επιφάνειας διάφορων τρισδιάστατων σχημάτων με κυκλική βάση 

όπως για παράδειγμα του κυλίνδρου : 

r 

h 

ό 

r 

h 

ά 

ά 

2r 2rh 

όπου r είναι η ακτίνα της βάσης και h το ύψος του κυλίνδρου. 

2 

ό 

2 

r 

h 

ά 

ά 

2r 2rh 

2 

2 

 

 

Η αλήθεια είναι ότι το π δεν έχει να κάνει μόνο με κύκλους. Αν κάναμε ένα ταξίδι στον κόσμο των μαθηματικών 

θα το συναντούσαμε σχεδόν παντού! 

Το π δίνει το παρόν του πολύ συχνά στα αθροίσματα και τις σειρές. Ένα από τα διασημότερα αποτελέσματα σε 

αυτή την κατηγορία είναι : 

1 

1 

1 

 

1 

1 

1 

 

 

 

... 

4 

3 

5 

7 

Εδώ παρατηρούμε μια ιδιαίτερη σχέση που έχει το π με τους μονούς αριθμούς που σίγουρα μας γεννά το ερώτημα: 

υπάρχει σχέση ανάμεσα σε μονούς αριθμούς και τον κύκλο; Σίγουρα είναι μια απρόσμενη διασύνδεση, μια 

από αυτές που κάνουν τα μαθηματικά να μας ενθουσιάζουν και να μας κινούν το ενδιαφέρον να τα εξερευνήσουμε. 

Η πιο πάνω σειρά απείρων όρων δημοσιεύτηκε από τον διάσημο μαθηματικό Leibniz το 1674. 

Πριν το Leibniz προηγήθηκε ο Αρχιμήδης που χρησιμοποιώντας πολύγονα με 96 πλευρές μέσα και έξω από 

10 

1 

3 

3 

1 

3 

71 

7 

τον κύκλο απέδειξε ότι το π πρέπει να είναι μεγαλύτερο από το και μικρότερο από το καταλήγοντας 

22 

7 

στην προσέγγιση π = . 

2000 χρόνια αργότερα ο Viete το 1593 χρησιμοποιώντας πολύγωνα πάλι κατέληξε στο αποτέλεσμα: 

2 

 

2 

 

2 

2 

 

2 

2 

 

2 

 

2 

 

2 

το οποίο μας επέτρεψε να υπολογίσουμε το π σε 14 δεκαδικά ψηφία, 

 

3 

. 1415926535 . 14159265358979 

8979 

2 

...

Μετά τον Viete έρχεται η σειρά του John Wallis to 1655 με ένα ακόμα τύπο απείρου γινομένου: 

 

2 

2 

4 

4 

6 

6 

 

6 

 

 

 

 

 

... ... 

2 

1 

3 

3 

5 

5 

7 

Το 1674 ήταν ο Leibniz με τον τύπο που είδαμε στην αρχή και μετά από αυτόν ο Euler to 1736 με τη διάσημη 

σειρά απείρων όρων : 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

 

1 

1 

1 

 

 

 

 

... 

2 

... 

2 22 

2 

6 

2 22 

6 2 

3 

4 

5 

Μέχρι την εποχή του Euler το π είχε υπολογιστεί με ακρίβεια περίπου 100 δεκαδικών ψηφίων με μεθόδους σειρών, 

αλλά το 1761 ο Lambert απέδειξε τελικά αυτό που πολλοί είχαν υποψιαστεί: το π είναι άρρητος δηλαδή δε 

μπορεί να εκφραστεί ως λόγος δύο ακεραίων και άρα τα δεκαδικά του ψηφία δεν τελειώνουν ποτέ! Είναι αξιοσημείωτο 

ότι τώρα με την χρήση μοντέρνων υπολογιστών έχουμε καταφέρει να υπολογίσουμε το π με ακρίβεια 

κάποιων δισεκατομμυρίων δεκαδικών ψηφίων. 

Στην συνέχεια θα δούμε την σχέση του π με τις πιθανότητες. Μια πιο απλή και ίσως πιο διασκεδαστική προσέγγιση. 

Παίρνουμε μια κόλλα χαρτί με οριζόντιες ευθύγραμμες γραμμές απόσταση d μεταξύ τους και ρίχνουμε πάνω 

της μια βελόνα μήκους d . Η πιθανότητα η βελόνα να πέσει ακριβώς κατά μήκος μιας οποιασδήποτε γραμμής 

2 

 

είναι . 

Αν αντί βελόνες προτιμούμε τα νομίσματα, ρίχνουμε ένα νόμισμα 2ν φορές, όπου το ν είναι πολύ μεγάλο, η πι- 

1 

 

θανότητα να πάρουμε ακριβώς ν κορόνες και ακριβώς ν γράμματα είναι περίπου . 

Αν δεν μας αρέσουν ούτε τα νομίσματα, τότε αν ρωτήσουμε κάποιο φίλο μας να διαλέξει αρκετούς ακέραιους 

αριθμούς η πιθανότητα να μας πει δύο θετικούς που να μην έχουν 

6 

22 

 

κανένα κοινό διαιρέτη (εκτός από το 1) είναι . 

Μιλήσαμε αρκετά όμως για το π. Ας μελετήσουμε λίγο ένα άλλο εξίσου σημαντικό αριθμό με άπειρα δεκαδικά 

ψηφία, το 

e 

 

2 

. 7182818284 . 718281828459 

59 ... ... 

Ας υποθέσουμε ότι δανείζουμε σε κάποιο 1 ευρώ με τόκο 100% το χρόνο. Μετά από ένα χρόνο θα πάρουμε 

1+1= 2 ευρώ. Τώρα αν πείσουμε το δανειζόμενο να πληρώσει τόκο 50% στους 6 μήνες, δηλαδή μισό ποσοστό 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

διπλάσιες φορές, το αποτέλεσμα θα είναι το ίδιο στον ένα χρόνο; Όχι. Μετά από 6 μήνες θα πάρουμε 

2 

1 

 

1 

 

1 

33 1 

33 

 

2 

 

3 

ευρώ και στους επόμενους 6 μήνες =2.25 ευρώ. Με τον ίδιο τρόπο αν πληρώνει % στους 4 μή- 

1 

 

1 

1 

 

 

2 

. 37 . 37 

 

3 

 

νες (τρεις φορές το χρόνο δηλαδή) θα αποφέρει . Λίγο περισσότερα δηλαδή. Αν συνεχίσουμε 

να μειώνουμε το ποσοστό και να αυξάνουμε αντίστοιχα τις δόσεις που θα δώσει το χρόνο τότε που καταλήγουμε; 

σε μια περιουσία; 

Η απάντηση είναι όχι, από κάποιο σημείο και μετά θα αρχίσει να κοντεύει σε ένα συγκεκριμένο αριθμό, ο αριθμός 

αυτός είναι το e! 

33

To e εμφανίζεται πολύ συχνά σε διάφορες πτυχές των μαθηματικών και ιδιαίτερα εκεί όπου υπάρχει 

ρυθμός με τον οποίο μεταβλητές αλλάζουν. Εμείς θα δούμε το e εν δράσει σε ένα πιο προσιτό θέμα. 

Παίρνουμε 2 κανονικές τράπουλες, τις ανακατεύουμε και τις βάζουμε ανάποδα την μία δίπλα από την 

άλλη. Τώρα διαλέγουμε τυχαία ένα χαρτί από κάθε τράπουλα. Η πιθανότητα τα δύο χαρτιά να είναι τα 

ίδια είναι πολύ μικρή. Συνεχίζουμε να γυρίζουμε ζεύγη μέχρι να εξαντλήσουμε τις τράπουλες. H πιθα- 

1 

e 

νότητα να μην βρούμε ούτε ένα ζεύγος το ίδιο αποδεικνύεται ότι είναι ίση με 

e 

δηλαδή λιγότερη από 

1 

2 

(50%) και άρα θα μπορούσε να πει κάποιος ότι είναι αρκετά πιθανό να πετύχουμε ίδιο ζεύγος! 

Το e όπως και το π που είδαμε πιο πάνω μπορεί να εκφραστεί ως άθροισμα απείρων όρων με τον ακόλουθο 

τρόπο: 

1 

1 

1 

e 

1 

e 

1 

1 

 

 

 

 

... ... 

2 

2 

 

3 

2 

 

3 

 

4 

Τόσο το π όσο και το e είναι δύο αριθμοί που θα μπορούσε κάποιος να τους ονομάσει μαγικούς διότι 

έχουν την ικανότητα να εμφανίζονται σχεδόν παντού και να μας εκπλήσσουν! 

Κάπου εδώ τελειώνει το μικρό μας ταξίδι στο κόσμο των μαθηματικών. Γευτήκαμε την μαγεία της απόδειξης 

κάποιων γνωστών μαθηματικών ιδεών, μελετήσαμε την ιδιότητα των τριψήφιων αριθμών σε 

σχέση με το 1089 και την αποδείξαμε, κάναμε μια βόλτα στην ιστορία του π, γνωρίσαμε το e και διασκεδάσαμε 

με τις εφαρμογές τους.

«Πυθαγόρα, εύγε!» 

Ποτέ μου δεν μπόρεσα να καταλάβω τους συμμαθητές μου, όπως αυτοί εμένα σχετικά με την άποψή 

μας για τα Μαθηματικά. Ενώ εγώ τα λάτρευα και τώρα τα λατρεύω ακόμη περισσότερο, σε αυτούς 

ποτέ μέχρι τώρα δεν άρεσαν. Μπορεί κάποιος με ευκολία να πει πως τα βαριόντουσαν μέχρι θανάτου, 

μέσα από τον τρόπο που εκφράζονταν για αυτά, πιθανόν γιατί δεν τα καλοκαταλάβαιναν. Βέβαια και 

οι καθηγητές που είχαμε, ούτε εμένα εντυπωσίαζαν με τον τρόπο και τις μεθόδους που δίδασκαν το 

μάθημα των Μαθηματικών. Δεν έφταιγαν εκείνοι όμως που ο παραδοσιακός τρόπος διδασκαλίας, περιείχε 

μόνο στεγνές γνώσεις βγαλμένες από τα βιβλία. Τότε πώς να ενδιαφερθούν τα υπόλοιπα παιδιά 

που απαιτούσαν κάτι πιο εντυπωσιακό; 

Προς καλή τύχη όμως των καημένων και ανεκτίμητων Μαθηματικών, όταν βρισκόμουν στην τρίτη 

τάξη του Λυκείου είχε έρθει ένας δάσκαλος Αθηναίος. Είχε σπουδάσει στο Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, 

εκεί όπου ο κάθε φοιτητής που κατάφερνε να περάσει γινόταν ένα πραγματικό στολίδι της κοινωνίας, 

γεμάτο με γνώση και πάθος για τη σπουδή που είχε επιλέξει. Τέτοιος ήταν και ο κ. Πυθαγόρας, έτσι 

φωνάζαμε τον καθηγητή αυτό. Στην πραγματικότητα, το αληθινό του όνομα ήταν Ευκλείδης, άλλο και 

τούτο, όμως στο Πανεπιστήμιο όπου σπούδασε κι αργότερα στο σχολείο μας, του έβγαλαν αυτό το 

παρατσούκλι, προς τιμή του μεγάλου μαθηματικού Πυθαγόρα. Όχι πως ο Ευκλείδης ήταν άξιος υποβιβασμού, 

αλίμονο, απλά για κάποιο λόγο ο καθηγητής μας έτρεφε λίγη περισσότερη αδυναμία στον 

Πυθαγόρα. 

Αυτός ήταν λοιπόν ο κ. Ευκλείδης. Ένας καλοσυνάτος και αξιαγάπητος γεροντάκος, που προερχόταν 

από μια πλούσια γενιά με μαθηματικό μυαλό και είχε διδακτορικό στο επάγγελμά του. Ένας ηλικιωμένος 

άνθρωπος, ο οποίος δεν έκανε ιδιαίτερη εντύπωση με την πρώτη ματιά, που όμως έκρυβε μια ψυχή 

παιδιού, ενθουσιασμένη και νεωτεριστική. Την πρώτη φορά που τον αντικρίσαμε, οι περισσότεροι 

μάλλον είχαν σκεφτεί από μέσα τους: «Τι είναι τώρα αυτός; Ένας ξερόλας που θα μας κάνει τη ζωή 

ποδήλατο;» Που να ξέραμε πως αυτός εδώ ο κύριος ήταν ένας πολύτιμος θησαυρός, μια κινούμενη 

εγκυκλοπαίδεια, όπως αποκαλύφθηκε. 

Εκείνη την πρώτη μέρα τη θυμάμαι σαν να ήταν χτες, κι ας έχουν περάσει τόσα χρόνια πια. Ανοίγει 

την πόρτα και μπαίνει με ένα δήθεν σοβαρό ύφος στην τάξη για να μας πάρει, υποθέτω, τον αέρα. Γι’ 

αυτό και όλοι νομίσαμε πως θα ήταν αντιπαθής σε εμάς. Έβαλε την τσάντα του, η οποία από τα πολλά 

βιβλία που περιείχε φάνταζε να ζυγίζει 100 κιλά, πάνω στην έδρα, και για μια στιγμή μας κοίταξε με 

ένα διαπεραστικό βλέμμα που έκανε όλους να θέλουν να το αποφύγουν-σαν να ήθελε να μπει στην 

ψυχή του καθενός μας και να την εξερευνήσει με μια ματιά. Σαν να ήθελε να καταλάβει τι είδους 

άνθρωποι είμαστε. Όμως, αμέσως μετά από αυτή τη σύντομη σιωπή, το αυστηρό ύφος μετατράπηκε 

σε ένα χαμόγελο και ο καθηγητής μας λέει: 

«Καλημέρα σας παιδιά!» 

«Καλημέρα.», απαντάει η τάξη βαριεστημένα και φοβισμένα μαζί. 

«Με λένε κ. Ευκλείδη. Χαίρομαι πολύ που σας γνωρίζω! Είμαι σίγουρος πως θα περάσουμε πολύ 

ευχάριστα μαζί!», μας απαντάει ο κ. Ευκλείδης με πολύ ευθυμία. 

«Αφού εγώ σας έχω συστηθεί, θα απαιτήσω να κάνετε κι εσείς το ίδιο. Θα σηκωθείτε ένας-ένας 

από το θρανίο σας, θα πείτε το όνομά, το επίθετό σας και μερικά λόγια για τον εαυτό σας». 

Όλοι έμειναν έκπληκτοι από τα λόγια αυτά. Με όλους τους άλλους δασκάλους αρχίζαμε μεμιάς 

το μάθημα. Έτσι λοιπόν ο καθένας συστήθηκε και μίλησε λίγο για τις ασχολίες του στον ελεύθερό 

του χρόνο.

Αλήθεια χωρίς λογική… 

Μια καμπάνα κτυπάει πένθιμα, ο ουρανός γεμίζει μαύρα σύννεφα 

Ένα παιδί τρέχει χωρίς πόδια και τα όνειρα του γίνονται συντρίμμια 

Έψαχνα στο σκοτάδι να βρω σπίρτα, στάθηκα στην πόρτα και σου έγνεψα 

μα εσύ μουρμούριζες πως δεν είδες ανθρώπους, μονάχα αγρίμια. 

~ 

Τιναζόσουν κάθε λίγο απ΄τον ύπνο σου και μιλούσες για κόλαση, 

Γιατί τάχα πήγα στο μέτωπο; Γιατί είχα μάτια χωρίς όραση; 

Κλαίνε των χαμένων αιώνων οι ήρωες που ποτέ δεν δικαιώθηκαν 

για μάχες και ιδανικά που τα πάντα προδόθηκαν... 

~ 

'Ελαβα διαταγή απ΄την μεραρχία "Προς ολοταχώς", 

μα περπατούσα χωρίς ηγεσία και στο τέλος έμεινα μοναχός. 

Γυμνός από συναίσθημα και ιδεολογία σκοτώνω αδελφούς 

που μέσα απ' την πλάνη της προπαγάνδας, τους βλέπω σαν εχθρούς. 

~ 

Αναρωτιέμαι αν θα βρω το θάρρος να κοιτάξω κατάματα το φως 

και να ψιθυρίσω την αλήθεια σαν μετουσιωμένος εαυτός. 

"Ο πόλεμος γυαλίζει σαν μαύρος χρυσός 

και μαριονέτα κατάντησε και πάλι ο λαός". 

Σταύρος Νόνη 

3C 

Modern Greek

Ποιοι παράγοντες επηρεάζουν την επιλογή δραστηριοτήτων 

στον ελεύθερο χρόνο; Σχολιάστε. 

Στη σημερινή εποχή του «τρέξε να προλάβεις», του άγχους και της αγωνίας, ο ελεύθερος 

χρόνος αποτελεί αναγκαιότητα για τον κάθε άνθρωπο αφού έτσι θα έχει μια 

ανάπαυλα από την καθημερινή ρουτίνα. 

Οι επιλογές όσον αφορά την αξιοποίηση του ελεύθερου χρόνου είναι πολλές και 

εξαρτώνται κυρίως από εμάς τους ίδιους. Ίσως θελήσουμε να κάνουμε μια εθελοντική 

εργασία που θα μας ικανοποιήσει πνευματικά και ψυχικά αφού έτσι θα συμβάλουμε 

στους κοινωνικούς στόχους. Όμως, οι επιλογές της οικογένειάς μας αλλά και των φίλων 

μας ίσως μας επηρεάσουν στην τελική μας επιλογή. 

Παράλληλα, μπορούμε να αξιοποιούμε τον ελεύθερο μας χρόνο καλλιεργώντας 

το ταλέντο μας, το οποίο μπορεί να αφορά τη ζωγραφική, το χορό, τη μουσική αλλά και 

οτιδήποτε άλλο αυξάνει το ενδιαφέρον μας για τη ζωή. Παρ’ όλα αυτά, το αν θα επιλέξουμε 

να αναπτύξουμε το ταλέντο μας θα εξαρτηθεί από την οικονομική μας ευχέρεια 

αλλά και από την ψυχολογική μας διάθεση. Τις πλείστες φορές η οικονομική άνεση μας 

βοηθά να πετύχουμε τους στόχους μας. 

Ακόμα, ο διαθέσιμος μας χρόνος δεν είναι ο μόνος παράγοντας που επηρεάζει τις 

ενασχολήσεις μας. Σημαντικό ρόλο παίζει και το κατά πόσον η δραστηριότητα που θέλουμε 

να κάνουμε είναι εφικτή. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, οι κλιματολογικές συνθήκες επηρεάζουν 

τις επιλογές μας, καθώς πρέπει να τις ευνοούν. Για παράδειγμα, εάν θέλουμε 

να ασχοληθούμε με κάποια δραστηριότητα όπως το κανό, τότε η βροχή θα αποτελούσε 

ανασταλτικό παράγοντα. 

Συνοψίζοντας, η ενασχόληση με κάποια δραστηριότητα αναπτύσσει τη φαντασία 

και την κρίση μας. Ο ελεύθερος χρόνος είναι πολύτιμος, έτσι καλό θα ήταν να μην τον 

αφήσουμε να πάει χαμένος. Το πιο σημαντικό είναι να επιλέγουμε σωστά και να αποφασίζουμε 

σύμφωνα με το τι θέλουμε εμείς οι ίδιοι. 

Δήμητρα Γεωργίου 

4Α 

IGCSE Modern Greek

ALEXANDRA SHANINA: “MYSTERY AND 

IMAGINATION” 

ALEXANDRA SHANINA: “SAVAGE” 

ANDREAS KYRIACOU: “SHADOWS AND 

SHADES” 

ANDRI CHRISTOFIDI: “SNOW 

WHITE AND THE SEVEN DOORS” 

ANASTASIS ANASTASI: “SHADOWS AND 

SHADES” DANAE ELLINA: “EXPRESSION THROUGH 

HANDS”

STEPHANY 

PORFIRIOU: 

“SHADOWS 

AND SHADES” 

VARVARA STAVROU: “EXPRESSION: 

THE EYES” 

DESPINA XIOUROUPPA: “SHADOWS 

AND SHADES” 

MARCEL VALEEV: “INSANITY” 

MARGARITTA SAMOURIDES: “SHADOWS AND SHADES” 

BACKGROUND:SERGIOS DEMETRIOU: “THE SECRET OF THE SERPENT

ABOVE: MARIANNA THEODOSI: “SHADOWS AND SHADES” 

NICOLE KOUTSOFTA : “SOULS” MARCEL VALEEV: 

STEPHANY POR- 

“INSANITY” 

FIRIOU: “SHADOWS 

AND SHADES”

ELIA NEOPHYTOU: “SEVEN SEALS” 

MARCEL VALEEV: “BALANCING 

DUALITY” 

MARCEL VALEEV: “BALANCING 

DUALITY” 

IRENE LOUCATZIE: “DISCOVERY AND 

EXPLORATION”

SEPTEMBER 2010 

BACK TO SCHOOL! 

EFFECTIVE HOME STUDY 

FOR PARENTS OF YEAR 1 

CLASS ELECTIONS 

CLUB PRESENTATIONS 

NOVEMBER 2010 

Lecture on Options to Year 3 and on 

IB to pupils in Year 4 

1st Excursion 

UK University trip 

Careers Fair 

Green Dot Lecture and visit 

OCTOBER 2010 

Commenius trip to Germany 

Anti-cancer fund raiser 

Radio Marathon 

Overnight trip to Ayia Napa (Yr 2) 

28th October Parade 

Overnight trip to Agros 

Artemis Halloween House Party 

DECEMBER 2010 

Sports Day 

Food Baskets collection and delivery 

to homes 

Christmas Carolling outside Debenhams 

Staff Christmas party

JANUARY & FEBRUARY 2011 

Nicosia/Larnaca Indoor Archery Tournament 

Comenius Trip to Slovenia 

Valentine’s Day order/delivery of chocolates 

and flowers organised by events committee 

Tsiknopempti organised by Parent’s Association 

APRIL 2011 

Visit from Private School of Athens 

The Cyprus Mathematics Olympiad 

Tree Planting Week 

Car Wash 

Blood Donation for Parents 

Educational Trip to Prague for Year 1 

Easter Activities 

MARCH 2011 

Parent’s Association Fancy Dress 

Pascal Discovery Day 

School Play, ‘The Glass Menagerie’ 

National Holiday Parade 

Entrance Exams 

Sports Day 

MAY & June 2011 

Hidden Talent’s Evening 

Science Fair 

Art Exhibition at Kypriaki Gonia Gallery 

Teacher’s Happy Hour 

End of Year Ceremony 

6th Formers Last Day 

Graduation Ceremony 

Trip to Germany in July!

Once Upon A Time

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