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Book Eleven 571-4 =15.314-17 but with aAAa UEV EV xpoT TrfjyvuT' dpr|i06cov ai£ncov for 572. There is a variant XP° a KaAov - the regular formula (14X including a variant XP° a K&AAIUOV) - in both places but the direction of corruption is obvious and Xp6 Q AEUKOV (not found outside this repeated couplet ) must be retained. One is surprised to read that the skin of the quintessentially masculine Aias was white after so many battle-weary days under the Trojan sun; when Odysseus was beautified by Athene he became ueAccyxpoifjs (Od. 16.175). Mycenaean fresco-painters and archaic and classical vasepainters maintained a convention that female flesh was white (cf. the epithet AEUKCOAEVOS of Here and mortal women and the TTTIXEE AEUKGO of Aphrodite at 5.314) but male flesh was brown. Presumably here the flesh is light in contrast to something perceived as dark, perhaps the 'black' blood for which the missiles thirsted (AiAououevoc). See further Russo on Od. 18.196. 572 Tr&yev: a leather shield, such as is often envisaged where the poet is not describing a de luxe article faced with bronze, would indeed be prone to catch and hold javelins that struck it. Note the absence of glancing blows to the Homeric shield; the pathos of an 'accidental death', like that of Kebriones at 16.7336°., results from a spear missing its target. 574 = ^^b-Z 1 !'^ tne singular has yarn EVEorfjpiKTo for Iv yairj IOTCCVTO at 21.168, with a variant at 21.70. AiAoaouevoc XP°°S daai is a formular but effective personification, cf. I2.i8n., 13.444m W. B. Stanford, Greek Metaphor 138-9, lists similar personifications, see also vol. v 51. Aristotle liked the figure as being a major aspect of poetical genius, see Poet. I459a4, Rhet. 141 ib3i. It is a question, however, whether the personification is a rhetorical fancy of the poet or an animistic aspect of popular speech; in a world where wind (5.524), rivers (12.18), fire (23.177, etc.), the sun {Od. 10.160), are said to have uevos, weapons may easily share the UEVOS of the hands that hurl them. The personification of weapons in Homer, however, if it is such, does not extend to their being given names, as the sword Durandel in Roland, presumably because the principal weapon, the spear, is thrown and easily lost: significantly the nearest thing to a named weapon in the Iliad, the TTnAias \x€K\r\ of Akhilleus, is a thrusting spear. 575-95 Paris' third victim. Eurupulos, leader of a Thessalian contingent (2.734-7), rushes forward to help Aias but is immediately wounded and forced to withdraw. With this scene, which balances that of Makhaon, 5046°., the long sequence of battle scenes is completed. When it is resumed in book 12 the Achaeans are back where they started, behind their wall and ditch. The final stages of the retreat as the army crowds into the camp are not described. The poet can imagine such a scene, even down to pathetic detail ('Is X safe? Has Y been slain?'), cf. 21.606-11, 22.46-8, but in spite of its evident possibilities nowhere gives it full treatment. This is surprising, for Greek heroic warfare is waged for the most part about a besieged town 285
Book Eleven and would, it may be supposed, have developed the appropriate themes and diction. 575-6 This Eurupulos is a person of some consequence, one of Helen's suitors indeed (Apollod. 1.131). In the first clashes of the Iliad he slew Hupsenor (5.76-83), and is mentioned in books 6, 7, 8, and 10. Patroklos treats him with respect (8i4ff.) and acts as his surgeon. The poet would have known another Eurupulos, son of Telephos and last of the Trojan allies, who enjoyed an aristeia in the Little Iliad. 577-95 A heavily formular passage: 577 £ 4.496, etc. (3X ); 578-9 £ 17.348-9 with e l7TTTaai8r|v for OauCTidSrjv (17.348-9, with another Apisaon, in their turn = 13.411-12 which have 'Yyqvopa for 'A-madova: a good instance of the poet's juggling with his onomastic resources). The primary name is probably Apisaon son of Hippasos, for Hippasos was a king of Sikuon and Apesas was a mountain near Nemea (Paus. 2.13.2; Hesiod, Theog. 331); see the discussion in Hoekstra, Epic Verse before Homer 63-4. Once more the poet allows a glimpse into the vast quantity of 'knowledge' preserved by the tradition of heroic poetry. — Verse 585 = 3.32, etc. (7X ). The answering verse (orfj 5e HETOC(7TpE98£is, ETTEI IKETO iOvos EToapcov, 595 = I 5-59 I = 17.114) is not so strongly formular: 586-7 = 17.247-8 (see 275- 6n. above): 589-91, cf. 18.306-8 ou uiv iycoye | 9Eu£o[jai EK TTOAEIJIOIO SuorixeoSi dAAd uiv dvTr)v | OTf|
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This is the third volume in the maj
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THE ILIAD: A COMMENTARY GENERAL EDI
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This volume is dedicated to the mem
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Contents COMMENTARY Book 9 55 Book
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PREFACE Students of Altertumswissen
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ABBREVIATIONS Books Adkins, Merit a
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Abbreviations Friedrich, Verwundung
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Abbreviations OCT Oxford Classical
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Abbreviations West, Ptolemaic Papyr
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Formulas Parry's typical formulas w
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Formulas |j£Ta 9peai(v) (nx //., 8
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Formulas and basic ideas of heroic
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Formulas verse. 7 The units need no
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Formulas fixed and repetitious, but
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Formulas of the verse, sentence bou
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Formulas (ocop < deipco; for 'hange
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Formulas TTOVTCO, £UpccA£/£|iTrE
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Formulas difficult if only by contr
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Formulas For verses introducing spe
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Formulas subordinate and youthful c
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Formulas construe are real enough.
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Formulas analogical, of no great an
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Formulas constructed; their context
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Formulas with ocAs at Od. 8.111. Ar
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2. The Iliad as heroic poetry Compa
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The Iliad as heroic poetry stichic
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The Iliad as heroic poetry and Serb
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The Iliad as heroic poetry The vign
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The Iliad as heroic poetry William
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The Iliad as heroic poetry Heroic s
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The Iliad as heroic poetry was what
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The Iliad as heroic poetry 91A0S. I
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The Iliad as heroic poetry been spe
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The Iliad as heroic poetry disrespe
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The Iliad as heroic poetry Where fo
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INDEX An index of Greek words appea
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atrocity, 50, 73, 139, 197-8, 241,
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ditch, Achaean, 166, 172, 188, 317,
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Herodotus, 124 heroine, 48-9, 113 h
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Mazon, P., 107, 126 meal, 71, 91, 2
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pity, 81, ioo, 119, 127, 261, 295 P
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suppliant, supplication, 127, 128,
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COMMENTARY BOOK NINE How the Iliad
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Book Nine is the best of the Achaea
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Book Nine horror of drowning (Od. 5
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Book Nine 8.521, and 16.191 (where
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Book Nine one that worries Agamemno
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Book Nine (5X //., ix Oct.). Diomed
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Book Nine ignores it; what is needf
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Book Nine picture has changed by 8.
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Book Nine spite of its adumbration
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Book Nine 114-61 Agamemnon's respon
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Book Nine Homerus (Assen 1951) 74-8
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Book Nine 145 Homer does not mentio
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Book Nine this does not seem very p
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Book Nine draw attention to the fac
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Book Nine bT opine that the heralds
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Book Nine 34, 54), which may be bro
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Book Nine quietly tolerated, for th
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Book Nine would have waited ev TTpo
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Book Nine 206-21 The theme of the e
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Book Nine conceived in Homer. It is
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Book Nine Odysseus to say 'Akhilleu
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Book Nine taken either as middle of
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Book Nine modern reading which pres
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Book Nine announces that Agamemnon
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Book Mine indifferently by (in the
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Book Nine — [iaoraK (a) would be
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Book Nine when it has been soiled.
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Book Nine possibility and (for some
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Book Nine 367 This is the only poin
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Book Nine lying waste, cf. 2.505).
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Book Nine Bridge') is exceptional (
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Book Nine 18.95-6 Thetis affirms th
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Book Nine yociav (i6x //., 12X Od.)
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Book Nine 438-9 The sense of TTEUTT
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Book Nine grandson, cf 488 and Od.
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Book Nine compare the 'cities of re
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Book Nine with bibliography. The 9p
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Book Nine "follows" Achilles, and i
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Book Nine his purposes. The heroic
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Book Nine a common noun with propar
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Book Nine Ares Thestios Molos (11.7
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Book Nine passage, is clearly brood
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Book Nine conjectural: in Hsch. the
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Book Nine 612 Akhilleus is consciou
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Book Nine world of the epic the rel
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Book Nine was first adumbrated in b
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Book Nine i.e. the Achaean army, bu
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Book Nine according to Szemerenyi,
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BOOK TEN In the scholia to book 10
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Book Ten and a trophy. The death of
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Book Ten The commentary follows in
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Book Ten 2 = 24.678. 585ur|U£VOi O
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Book Ten portrayal of the Trojans g
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Book Ten give Menelaos the same out
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Book Ten Askalaphos and Ialmenos, c
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Book Ten 75—8 The poet perhaps fo
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Book Ten 110-12 The swift Aias is A
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Book Ten conversational tone. The f
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Book Ten 170 TraT8es: only two of N
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Book Ten Hektor, the Argives, or th
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Book Ten 226 = 23.590. PP&CTCTCOV (
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Book Ten fj TO irdpos irep | ur)TT|
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Book Ten Figure i. The boar's tusk
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Book Ten straight (Amuntor was fath
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Book Ten ages past...' — aiyioxoi
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Book Ten temper, with 40 instances
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Book Ten return to this point when
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Book Ten narrative for the first an
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Book Ten beam are in one piece, see
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Book Ten 385-6 = 82-3 (Nestor distu
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Book Ten 418*20 According to Leaf O
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Book Ten 436-41 The horses are ment
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Book Ten For the contraction -|3co-
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Book Ten them at second hand from s
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Book Ten from action. Similar langu
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Book Ten addressing the hero. In ne
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Book Ten nonsense that Rhesos' anim
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Book Ten vowed by Diomedes at 292,
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BOOK ELEVEN The previous day of fig
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Book Eleven 5-21). In view of the f
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Book Eleven 'AOrjvocicov IOTCCVTO c
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Book Eleven a hundred oxen for the
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Book Eleven B ideogram 162 j|, but
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Book Eleven epithet of something na
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Book Eleven 43 A unique verse, surp
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Book Eleven 55 = x -3 but with KS90
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Book Eleven 12.463 (Hektor again),
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Book Eleven The vulgate reading ixo
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Book Eleven but once committed to a
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Book Eleven fight from a chariot (5
Page 272 and 273: Book Eleven 96 vu£(e): gx with eli
Page 274 and 275: Book Eleven pairs see Reinhardt, Iu
Page 276 and 277: Book Eleven describe, nor does the
Page 278 and 279: Book Eleven 143-7 The slaying follo
Page 280 and 281: Book Eleven together in this Book a
Page 282 and 283: Book Eleven empty: now, 179, they a
Page 284 and 285: Book Eleven does not conceal himsel
Page 286 and 287: Book Eleven 221 The poet answers th
Page 288 and 289: Book Eleven factual tone of the pre
Page 290 and 291: Location Head Neck Trunk Arms Legs
Page 292 and 293: Book Eleven accouchement - but like
Page 294 and 295: Book Eleven of his exploits should
Page 296 and 297: Book Eleven with a short in the per
Page 298 and 299: Book Eleven they will find themselv
Page 300 and 301: Book Eleven Catalogue - both are to
Page 302 and 303: Book Eleven have been banished from
Page 304 and 305: Book Eleven 368 T7aiovi6r|v: Agastr
Page 306 and 307: Book Eleven e.g. at 8.2i5ff. is muc
Page 308 and 309: Book Eleven who found their intende
Page 310 and 311: Book Eleven 437-8 Athene's action i
Page 312 and 313: Book Eleven 15.386), liouvcoae (Od.
Page 314 and 315: Book Eleven archery. To keep the ep
Page 316 and 317: Book Eleven battlefield is strictly
Page 318 and 319: Book Eleven ever, what was special
Page 320 and 321: Book Eleven round-shield bearer wou
Page 324 and 325: Book Eleven Apisaon, and was then w
Page 326 and 327: Book Eleven there is no such thing
Page 328 and 329: Book Eleven that the Achaeans retre
Page 330 and 331: Book Eleven B. Schweitzer (Stuttgar
Page 332 and 333: Book Eleven of the wounded doctor a
Page 334 and 335: Book Eleven For a similar tale see
Page 336 and 337: Book Eleven Peloponnesos are the 'E
Page 338 and 339: Book Eleven (2 x ), as is u(3piaTT|
Page 340 and 341: Book Eleven can always be resolved
Page 342 and 343: Book Eleven make a formula for Agam
Page 344 and 345: Book Eleven say if he knew how badl
Page 346 and 347: Book Eleven the breastplate, cf. 19
Page 348 and 349: Book Eleven 6fo|Jiai), then back to
Page 350 and 351: BOOK TWELVE The twelfth Book contai
Page 352 and 353: Book Twelve with the failure of Asi
Page 354 and 355: Book Twelve region of Troy (the tom
Page 356 and 357: Book Twelve (5.524, Od. 5.478, 19.4
Page 358 and 359: Book Twelve in this case and positi
Page 360 and 361: Book Twelve 49-50 Delebecque, Cheva
Page 362 and 363: Book Twelve metrically convenient f
Page 364 and 365: Book Twelve of one principal with t
Page 366 and 367: Book Twelve 16.211-17 where the tro
Page 368 and 369: Book Twelve and its danger: the Tro
Page 370 and 371: Book Twelve the undergrowth' (Rise
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Book Twelve 156-8 This neat simile
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Book Twelve premature mention of fi
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Book Twelve (= 16.418 = 8.277 *f ge
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Book Twelve 211-29 For Pouludamas'
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Book Twelve 'OAUHTTIOU), Z. epiPpe|
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Book Twelve it, or hack it with axe
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Book Twelve as an intensive or iter
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Book Twelve warrior (Sarpedon) enco
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Book Twelve Age warrior going into
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Book Twelve is not mentioned by Hom
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Book Twelve isolated from that of t
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Book Twelve 356 uivuvOd Tiep: 'if o
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Book Twelve 386 Cf. Od. 12.414 Komr
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Book Twelve SVTOS implies Trap' ETr
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Book Twelve battlements, but the cl
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Book Twelve passage and down to 470
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