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Book Eleven
55 = x -3 but with KS90CA0CS for v^uxocs, see 1.311. Surprisingly, only the
Genavensis (s. xiii) suggests the possibility of reading vyuxocs here, and that
in suprascript. K69aAds was evidently read by Apollonius Rhodius at 1.3
and must have been read here, but it is odd none the less that it should be
used unnecessarily and by metonymy for the yuxri, the life-force. 1961 |ios is
not formular with either yuxr) or Ke9aAr), so that the coincidence with the
proemium is not an accidental result of formulas coming together to make
a verse: nor is there any reason beyond the repetition here in question for
supposing the verse is a whole-verse formula. It is therefore possible that the
echo is the result of the poet's mind running on the same thoughts: the
wrath of Akhilleus was to cause a fearsome massacre, now Zeus is going to
bring it about.
56-61 The Trojans, camped overnight on the plain, arm for battle. The
scene is expressed in its barest form but incorporates none the less a succinct
catalogue of leaders. It is necessary because the epic narrative of events
must not omit 'what happened', but nowhere in the Iliad are the Trojans
given the full arming sequence. Absent from this setting out for war is
the striking idea present in books 2—4: the silence and discipline of the
Achaeans in contrast with the clamorous polyglot host that fought for Troy,
see 3.2- 14-n.
56 A formular verse (= 20.3). Tpcoss 8' ccOO' eTgpcoOev is also formular in
its own right (3X ). It is quite uncertain to what geographical feature, if any,
the 'rise' in the plain refers.
57-60 Only the Trojan and Dardanian leaders are mentioned. They
constitute (except for Polubos, only here) a canonical list who reappear
among the commanders in the assault on the Achaean wall in book 12. All
the names are, or could be, Greek, although it is likely that Aiveias is of alien
origin. (The etymology (< ocivov ax°s) given at HyAphr 198-9 is clearly of
the popular kind.)
57 nouAu5&|javTa: see i2.6on. Like Deiphobos (see 12.94^1.) he is part of
the personnel of the second half of the Iliad. Pouludamas, son of the Trojan
elder Panthoos (3.146), is an important figure who will soon establish his
role as wise adviser to Hektor.
58 Cf. io.33n. OEOS COS TUTO 6f)|ico: 5X //., ix Od.; this occurrence and
Od. 14.205 are the only instances that preserve the original prosody (<
apcos). 6r||Jicp is subsumed in the 'essential idea' of the formula, so that it is
possible to add another dative, Tpcoai, which formally duplicates the construction
of 8f||ico. Hoekstra (on Od. 14.205) notes that the poet thought the
sense (for which see 12.310-14) needed explanation.
59-60 Of these sons of An tenor, valiant enough to fight in the front rank,
Polubos is otherwise unknown, Akamas has an entry in the Trojan Catalogue
(2.823, see n. ad loc), leads a battalion at 12.100, and is slain - if that
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