Surgery and Healing in the Developing World - Dartmouth-Hitchcock
Surgery and Healing in the Developing World - Dartmouth-Hitchcock Surgery and Healing in the Developing World - Dartmouth-Hitchcock
10 74 Surgery and Healing in the Developing World Figure 2. A 1-kilowatt PV deployment provides water pumping (Photo courtesy NREL/ PIX.) Figure 3. A 2-kilowatt PV deployment provides village electricity. (Photo courtesy SEIA.) energy storage, and control equipment (the so called “balance of system” equipment or “BOS”) and connects everything together. After a quote has been provided and a contract agreed upon, the system integrator installs the complete photovoltaic system. The end-user is advised on how to maintain the system, which is usually only battery hydration and module cleaning. The whole process of installing PV is fairly simple. Installation of a system for a clinic can be done in one day. Photovoltaic modules come in two generic varieties: those made from crystalline silicon wafers and those made from thin-film semiconductors. Crystalline cells have historically been manufactured from wafers that are cut from large ingots, or from ribbons that are solidified from a silicon melt. The wafers are square in shape, about 250-300 microns thick, and between 100 and 250 cm 2 in area. In 2003, crystalline
Establishing Electrical Power in Remote Facilities for Health Care A B Figure 4. Photovoltaic modules: A) A 300-watt polycrystalline silicon module is part of an array at a remote facility in Borneo (Photo by S. Thornton, courtesy NREL/PIX); B) This 45-watt module is easily carried to a remote site (Photo courtesy U.S. Department of Energy.) 75 10
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10<br />
74 <strong>Surgery</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Develop<strong>in</strong>g <strong>World</strong><br />
Figure 2. A 1-kilowatt PV deployment provides water pump<strong>in</strong>g (Photo courtesy NREL/<br />
PIX.)<br />
Figure 3. A 2-kilowatt PV deployment provides village electricity. (Photo courtesy SEIA.)<br />
energy storage, <strong>and</strong> control equipment (<strong>the</strong> so called “balance of system” equipment<br />
or “BOS”) <strong>and</strong> connects everyth<strong>in</strong>g toge<strong>the</strong>r. After a quote has been provided <strong>and</strong> a<br />
contract agreed upon, <strong>the</strong> system <strong>in</strong>tegrator <strong>in</strong>stalls <strong>the</strong> complete photovoltaic system.<br />
The end-user is advised on how to ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> system, which is usually only<br />
battery hydration <strong>and</strong> module clean<strong>in</strong>g. The whole process of <strong>in</strong>stall<strong>in</strong>g PV is fairly<br />
simple. Installation of a system for a cl<strong>in</strong>ic can be done <strong>in</strong> one day.<br />
Photovoltaic modules come <strong>in</strong> two generic varieties: those made from crystall<strong>in</strong>e<br />
silicon wafers <strong>and</strong> those made from th<strong>in</strong>-film semiconductors. Crystall<strong>in</strong>e cells have<br />
historically been manufactured from wafers that are cut from large <strong>in</strong>gots, or from<br />
ribbons that are solidified from a silicon melt. The wafers are square <strong>in</strong> shape, about<br />
250-300 microns thick, <strong>and</strong> between 100 <strong>and</strong> 250 cm 2 <strong>in</strong> area. In 2003, crystall<strong>in</strong>e
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