Surgery and Healing in the Developing World - Dartmouth-Hitchcock

Surgery and Healing in the Developing World - Dartmouth-Hitchcock Surgery and Healing in the Developing World - Dartmouth-Hitchcock

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CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 46 Field Notes on the Clinical, Public Health, Geographic, and Political Features of a Typical Day in a Himalayan Medical Mission Glenn W. Geelhoed Day Two at the Thicksay Gompa Clinic with the Public Health Programs for School Children in Addition to the 160 Patient Clinic followed by the Exciting Excursion to as High as Anyone Can Go by Road on Earth Anywhere: 18,380 Foot Khardumgla, the Karakorum Pass, July 22, 2000 Field notes from a typical day on a Himalayan medical mission have been picked, nearly at random, to reflect the kind of day-to-day activities of a medical mission, and our thinking about them as they happen. One of the most routine parts of any scheduled clinic is the unpredictable, with rapid learning being a component part for the beginning students and the experienced leader alike. I had led a group of medical student s and residents on a trek into Ladakh, “The Kingdom in the Clouds” of Himalayan India. We had scheduled our first clinics in Thicksay Gompa, a district health center within the Buddhist Monastery near Lei, Ladakh’s capital. The opening ceremony, deployment of students and supervisors in several clinic rooms with translator’s and a centralized pharmacy for our drug dispensing had been accomplishment on the first day, and both the clinic staff and the waiting patients in the registration queue had some idea of what to expect in this process. A group got up for an early departure to go to the Thicksay Gompa, allegedly in time for the 6:00 AM prayers by the monks. I had just come from a gompa at the Leh Palace, and had heard the mantra in many other monasteries, most notably the one at the Everest Trek route where Tensing Norgay’s son had stopped for his prayers before summiting Everest on the David Brashear’s IMAX film “Everest”. So, while the students went to hear the morning prayers chanted by the monks, I got an early start in organizing the clinic—an event witnessed by the prospective patients in the community, so that they came running to be early in the queue. So, we hit the ground running. This time we rotated teams a bit, with my own coverage still over Elizabeth Yellen and Amy Hayes in one room, but John Sutter had gone to be supervised by the local clinic director Dr. Ahmed Patoo, and I would wait for his call as a consultant to his room, and Sonia Szylck had asked that I be her Surgery and Healing in the Developing World, edited by Glenn Geelhoed. ©2005 Landes Bioscience.

46 462 Surgery and Healing in the Developing World supervisor and consultant in the front room that John Sutter had occupied yesterday. I would then float between the room manned by Bill Barrett and Christine King, who requested to stay together as a team, and Jonathon Schoen and Hadley Abernathy, which I suggested be reconstituted to move Hadley up front, and move in the other local doctor as their translator who might enlighten them on local approaches to common problems. I also knew that when the mob of curious school children arrived there would be a rush of bodies of the worried well crowding more than a hundred patients with some form of complaint, and at that time we could move Hadley, a teacher, and Amy, a former teacher before becoming a medical student, out into the courtyard for the public health presentations with a translator team. The Full Monty: Clinic Processes 160 Patients with a Target of Completing by 2:00 PM for the Excursion of the Afternoon We tried to pick up the pace in going through the patients’ problems, since the hallways were jamming up with large crowds of colorful people waiting rather patiently and curiously. Sonia was able to do this better than Elizabeth, perhaps because she was less cautious, not having a longer list of worries to be missing the larger list of things Elizabeth had to exclude, picked up in her extra year in GW medical school. I supervised the two of them quite closely for every patient, and would drop in on every third patient being seen by the two physicians, Bill and Jonathan who handled their flow rather well. We saw the same variety of patients, with Tb, congestive failure, acute respiratory infections, musculoskeletal complaints—principally osteoarthritis of the knees, with the ever-present moxabustion scars indicting where they hurt. It seemed that osteoarthritis may have been common, and present in more than one set of joints, but it was usually the knees that patients complained about first. “Why is that?” asked one of the students. “With respect to serious functional incapacitation, you have seen an Asian toilet?” I responded. There was a lot of epigastric distress, differentiated about evenly between peptic and biliary problems. A lot of this was acid reflux disease, presumably because Helicobacter pylori was endemic and increasing in the area, but we had been told that with increasing westernization of the diet in the area as more contact had continued with the outside world, the biliary tract problems of cholecystitis were increasing in the last few years as well. The local hospital is getting the equipment for the laparoscopic removal of gall bladders! Progress! This means they are developing ever more sophisticated technology to deal with problems they had never experienced until they had developed to the point of getting the Western problems in concert with the west sending them not only the disease, but the methods of treating it! Next we will be able to handle atherosclerosis, gastrointestinal cancers, and strokes with renal failure here, since they will have “developed “ sufficiently to be able to not afford to take care of these diseases either! This means that medical marketing is an almost perfect model of an economic export system, creating demand for services that become indispensable along with the technology for half way solutions. Degenerative diseases of civilization create a lifetime demand for their management, since they are not ever cured—why not prevented? And, if there are areas of the world where they have not yet developed,

46<br />

462 <strong>Surgery</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Heal<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Develop<strong>in</strong>g <strong>World</strong><br />

supervisor <strong>and</strong> consultant <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> front room that John Sutter had occupied yesterday.<br />

I would <strong>the</strong>n float between <strong>the</strong> room manned by Bill Barrett <strong>and</strong> Christ<strong>in</strong>e<br />

K<strong>in</strong>g, who requested to stay toge<strong>the</strong>r as a team, <strong>and</strong> Jonathon Schoen <strong>and</strong> Hadley<br />

Abernathy, which I suggested be reconstituted to move Hadley up front, <strong>and</strong> move<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r local doctor as <strong>the</strong>ir translator who might enlighten <strong>the</strong>m on local<br />

approaches to common problems. I also knew that when <strong>the</strong> mob of curious school<br />

children arrived <strong>the</strong>re would be a rush of bodies of <strong>the</strong> worried well crowd<strong>in</strong>g more<br />

than a hundred patients with some form of compla<strong>in</strong>t, <strong>and</strong> at that time we could<br />

move Hadley, a teacher, <strong>and</strong> Amy, a former teacher before becom<strong>in</strong>g a medical student,<br />

out <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> courtyard for <strong>the</strong> public health presentations with a translator<br />

team.<br />

The Full Monty: Cl<strong>in</strong>ic Processes 160 Patients<br />

with a Target of Complet<strong>in</strong>g by 2:00 PM<br />

for <strong>the</strong> Excursion of <strong>the</strong> Afternoon<br />

We tried to pick up <strong>the</strong> pace <strong>in</strong> go<strong>in</strong>g through <strong>the</strong> patients’ problems, s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong><br />

hallways were jamm<strong>in</strong>g up with large crowds of colorful people wait<strong>in</strong>g ra<strong>the</strong>r patiently<br />

<strong>and</strong> curiously. Sonia was able to do this better than Elizabeth, perhaps because<br />

she was less cautious, not hav<strong>in</strong>g a longer list of worries to be miss<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />

larger list of th<strong>in</strong>gs Elizabeth had to exclude, picked up <strong>in</strong> her extra year <strong>in</strong> GW<br />

medical school. I supervised <strong>the</strong> two of <strong>the</strong>m quite closely for every patient, <strong>and</strong><br />

would drop <strong>in</strong> on every third patient be<strong>in</strong>g seen by <strong>the</strong> two physicians, Bill <strong>and</strong><br />

Jonathan who h<strong>and</strong>led <strong>the</strong>ir flow ra<strong>the</strong>r well.<br />

We saw <strong>the</strong> same variety of patients, with Tb, congestive failure, acute respiratory<br />

<strong>in</strong>fections, musculoskeletal compla<strong>in</strong>ts—pr<strong>in</strong>cipally osteoarthritis of <strong>the</strong> knees,<br />

with <strong>the</strong> ever-present moxabustion scars <strong>in</strong>dict<strong>in</strong>g where <strong>the</strong>y hurt. It seemed that<br />

osteoarthritis may have been common, <strong>and</strong> present <strong>in</strong> more than one set of jo<strong>in</strong>ts,<br />

but it was usually <strong>the</strong> knees that patients compla<strong>in</strong>ed about first. “Why is that?”<br />

asked one of <strong>the</strong> students. “With respect to serious functional <strong>in</strong>capacitation, you<br />

have seen an Asian toilet?” I responded.<br />

There was a lot of epigastric distress, differentiated about evenly between peptic<br />

<strong>and</strong> biliary problems. A lot of this was acid reflux disease, presumably because<br />

Helicobacter pylori was endemic <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> area, but we had been told<br />

that with <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g westernization of <strong>the</strong> diet <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> area as more contact had cont<strong>in</strong>ued<br />

with <strong>the</strong> outside world, <strong>the</strong> biliary tract problems of cholecystitis were <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> last few years as well. The local hospital is gett<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> equipment for<br />

<strong>the</strong> laparoscopic removal of gall bladders!<br />

Progress! This means <strong>the</strong>y are develop<strong>in</strong>g ever more sophisticated technology to<br />

deal with problems <strong>the</strong>y had never experienced until <strong>the</strong>y had developed to <strong>the</strong><br />

po<strong>in</strong>t of gett<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Western problems <strong>in</strong> concert with <strong>the</strong> west send<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>m not<br />

only <strong>the</strong> disease, but <strong>the</strong> methods of treat<strong>in</strong>g it! Next we will be able to h<strong>and</strong>le<br />

a<strong>the</strong>rosclerosis, gastro<strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>al cancers, <strong>and</strong> strokes with renal failure here, s<strong>in</strong>ce<br />

<strong>the</strong>y will have “developed “ sufficiently to be able to not afford to take care of <strong>the</strong>se<br />

diseases ei<strong>the</strong>r!<br />

This means that medical market<strong>in</strong>g is an almost perfect model of an economic<br />

export system, creat<strong>in</strong>g dem<strong>and</strong> for services that become <strong>in</strong>dispensable along with<br />

<strong>the</strong> technology for half way solutions. Degenerative diseases of civilization create a<br />

lifetime dem<strong>and</strong> for <strong>the</strong>ir management, s<strong>in</strong>ce <strong>the</strong>y are not ever cured—why not<br />

prevented? And, if <strong>the</strong>re are areas of <strong>the</strong> world where <strong>the</strong>y have not yet developed,

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