Final Report - Ohio Department of Transportation
Final Report - Ohio Department of Transportation Final Report - Ohio Department of Transportation
had a significant aqueous fraction. After consolidation of these aqueous bitumen products, dewatering was necessary to increase the organic concentration. As the dewatered samples in this study had various viscosities, further exploration and standardization of this dewatering process could help deliver a bitumen product with uniform properties. Further research should probably make use of a rotary evaporator to help implement the separation and concentration of the organic fraction. The physical properties of yard waste bitumen and asphalt made from this bitumen should be explored in detail. This project demonstrated that bitumen could be generated from yard waste, and that it is likely that the volume would be sufficient to support the manufacture of asphalt. However, the properties of the resulting product are unknown. A considerable amount of additional research would be required to determine how to best use this material, and to quantify the properties of the products produced. Experience has also demonstrated that some of the byproducts of carbonization may represent significant aesthetic or environmental problems. The gas phase discharges can be malodorous and may lead to air pollution compliance obligations. Likewise, the aqueous phase discharges will probably require treatment. The properties of these discharges should be quantified and both liquid and gas treatment systems should be examined to ensure that both discharges can be successfully treated. Finally, it is important to keep in mind that yard waste carbonization is desirable for several reasons. It will yield bitumen, but this is probably not sufficiently valuable to justify the process. The process also sequesters carbon, allows for yard waste collection efficiencies, produces a bio- char soil amendment of potential value to agriculture and may yield other by-products of commercial value. A successful implementation of yard waste carbonization will require the success of many elements of the process that were not evaluated in the work described here. 6. Implementation Plan Yard waste carbonization for the purpose of bitumen production is not a process that is currently ready for implementation. Substantially more laboratory research, economic analysis and field performance testing will be required before this process is ready for full-scale implementation. The next step should be the generation of bitumen in sufficient quantity to support the production of several asphalt mixes, and the testing of these mixes a potential 45
flexible pavement materials. Without examining the qualities of the pavements that can be made from yard-waste-derived-bitumen, if would be premature to invest in significantly larger carbonization facilities. 7. References Acikgoz, C. and Kockar, O.M., (2009), “Characterization of Slow Pyrolysis Oil Obtained from Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 85, 151- 154. AI (Asphalt Institute) (2009), Allen, B. R. (1980), "Pretreatment Methods for the Degradation of Lignin". Asphalt Institute. (2003, Asphalt Institute). Superpave Performance Graded Asphalt Binder Specification and Testing, Superpave Series No 1(SP-1), Lexington KY, USA. ANZBRN (Australia and New Zealand Biochar Researcch Network) (2009), “Project”, Anderson E, Vasudevan, J., Stoker, D. Hagen, E. and Bragstad, R. (2007), “Shell Bitumen Technical Publications and Patents from 2005-2007”, Arsova, L., van Haaren, R., Goldstein, N., Kaufman, S. M., and Themelis, N. (2008), “The State of Garbage in America.” BioCycle, 49(12). Asphalt Institute, (2008), “State Binder Specification Database – Ohio”. . Austin, A., Mantria, (2009), “CDI Develop Commercial Biochar Plant”, Biomass Magazine, June. Australian Biochar, (2009), “Biochars – A New Generation”,. Berrueco, C., Esperanza, E., Mastral, F.J., Ceamanos, J. and Garcia-Bacaicoa, P. (2005), “Pyrolysis of Waste Tyres in an Atmospheric Static-bed Batch Reactor: Analysis of the Gases Obtained”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 74, 245-253. 46
- Page 1: Final Report Bioasphalt from Urban
- Page 4 and 5: Credit This document was prepared i
- Page 6 and 7: List of Figures, Tables and Notatio
- Page 8 and 9: 1. Introduction The research projec
- Page 10 and 11: Fig. 1 - Nutrient Poor Oxisol (left
- Page 12 and 13: Table 2 - Examples of Feed Stocks T
- Page 14 and 15: CWRU’s carbonization reactors fal
- Page 16 and 17: Table 3 - Results of Initial Carbon
- Page 18 and 19: The results of the growth studies w
- Page 20 and 21: The Shell Oil Company has experimen
- Page 22 and 23: of the windrows for aeration. The c
- Page 24 and 25: implementing the tests for which OD
- Page 26 and 27: (8) Apply YWC to a sufficient volum
- Page 28 and 29: Fig. 10 -Yard Waste Brush Pile (Oak
- Page 30 and 31: 3.3 Testing Methods Drying - To mea
- Page 32 and 33: Fig. 16 - Sealed Carbonization Reac
- Page 34 and 35: interior temperature of the furnace
- Page 36 and 37: Fig. 22 - Maple Samaras Before Carb
- Page 38 and 39: 3.4 Data Analysis In order to calcu
- Page 40 and 41: 2009 Buckeye Fruit 10.37 51.64 37.9
- Page 42 and 43: 2010 Rhododendron Leaves 57.36 18.9
- Page 44 and 45: Fig. 26 - Improvement of Byproduct
- Page 46 and 47: One task of the research project wa
- Page 48 and 49: Table 10 - National Asphalt Organiz
- Page 50 and 51: Table 15 - Composting Organizations
- Page 54 and 55: Bishara, S.W.,Robertson, R.E. and M
- Page 56 and 57: Ji-Lu, Z., (2007), “Bio-oil from
- Page 58 and 59: Terrel. R.L. (1980), “Evaluation
- Page 60: Appendix A - The Asphalt Institute
flexible pavement materials. Without examining the qualities <strong>of</strong> the pavements that can be made<br />
from yard-waste-derived-bitumen, if would be premature to invest in significantly larger<br />
carbonization facilities.<br />
7. References<br />
Acikgoz, C. and Kockar, O.M., (2009), “Characterization <strong>of</strong> Slow Pyrolysis Oil Obtained from<br />
Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)”, Journal <strong>of</strong> Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 85, 151-<br />
154.<br />
AI (Asphalt Institute) (2009), <br />
Allen, B. R. (1980), "Pretreatment Methods for the Degradation <strong>of</strong> Lignin". Asphalt Institute.<br />
(2003, Asphalt Institute). Superpave Performance Graded Asphalt Binder Specification<br />
and Testing, Superpave Series No 1(SP-1), Lexington KY, USA.<br />
ANZBRN (Australia and New Zealand Biochar Researcch Network) (2009), “Project”,<br />
<br />
Anderson E, Vasudevan, J., Stoker, D. Hagen, E. and Bragstad, R. (2007),<br />
“Shell Bitumen Technical Publications and Patents from 2005-2007”, <br />
Arsova, L., van Haaren, R., Goldstein, N., Kaufman, S. M., and Themelis, N. (2008), “The State<br />
<strong>of</strong> Garbage in America.” BioCycle, 49(12).<br />
Asphalt Institute, (2008), “State Binder Specification Database – <strong>Ohio</strong>”.<br />
.<br />
Austin, A., Mantria, (2009), “CDI Develop Commercial Biochar Plant”, Biomass Magazine,<br />
June.<br />
Australian Biochar, (2009), “Biochars – A New<br />
Generation”,.<br />
Berrueco, C., Esperanza, E., Mastral, F.J., Ceamanos, J. and Garcia-Bacaicoa, P. (2005),<br />
“Pyrolysis <strong>of</strong> Waste Tyres in an Atmospheric Static-bed Batch Reactor: Analysis <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Gases Obtained”, Journal <strong>of</strong> Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 74, 245-253.<br />
46
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