Final Report - Ohio Department of Transportation
Final Report - Ohio Department of Transportation Final Report - Ohio Department of Transportation
2010 Rhododendron Leaves 57.36 18.94 73.21 2009 Sycamore Leaves 9.31 37.56 46.54 2009 Willow Leaves 10.59 37.96 58.34 Average 21.26 32.23 59.17 Standard Deviation 18.97 9.56 6.83 Another goal of the project was to investigate if drying yard waste feed stock before carbonization significantly increased yields of byproducts. A drying step would not be difficult to implement, but would add additional area and cost requirements to the carbonization process. The basic concept is that, if yard waste had less moisture to expel, off-products might have higher organic concentrations, and might favor higher molecular weight products. Two comparisons between dried and “wet” yard waste are included in Table 5 and are emphasized in Table 8. In both cases, although the dried samples had a smaller moisture content and larger organic content than“wet” samples, the collection of byproducts was less efficient when the yard waste was dried before carbonization. Figure 25 illustrates the relationship between moisture content and collection efficiency. Table 8 - Comparison of the Yield from Un-dried and Dried Carbonization Feed Stock Yard Waste Moisture Organics Byproduct Collection Year Type Component Branches (%) (%) Efficiency (%) 2009 American Elm (dried) 0 62.99 22.2 2009 American Elm Branches 39.12 30.65 74.1 2009 Rhododendron Leaves 9.60 34.23 57.4 2010 Rhododendron Leaves 57.36 18.94 73.2 After applying linear regression analysis, the results of Fig. 25 illustrate that, although there is a models correlation that seems to favor higher moisture content, the correlation is not sufficient to conclude that pre-drying is advantageous. If anything, the data indicate that the presence of more moisture assists in the formation of organic byproducts. 35
Fig. 25 – The Impact of Moisture Content On Byproduct Collection Efficiency Another research task was to evaluate the effectiveness of carbonization process design modifications. After experimenting with alternative reactor designs, the efforts of this project concentrated on improving the performance of discharge piping. The thought was that if temperatures in the discharge piping were more carefully controlled, the bituminous materials could be “encouraged” to condense and be removed at a desirable location rather than becoming an operational problem elsewhere in the discharge piping. Figure 26 illustrates the collection efficiency in the designated collection vessel as a function of time as efforts were made to “tune” production and collection. With the exception of a couple of uncharacteristic results achieved early in the experimental program, the results demonstrate that these efforts were able to make a significant improvement in the dependability and a modest improvement in the magnitude of collection. 36
- Page 1: Final Report Bioasphalt from Urban
- Page 4 and 5: Credit This document was prepared i
- Page 6 and 7: List of Figures, Tables and Notatio
- Page 8 and 9: 1. Introduction The research projec
- Page 10 and 11: Fig. 1 - Nutrient Poor Oxisol (left
- Page 12 and 13: Table 2 - Examples of Feed Stocks T
- Page 14 and 15: CWRU’s carbonization reactors fal
- Page 16 and 17: Table 3 - Results of Initial Carbon
- Page 18 and 19: The results of the growth studies w
- Page 20 and 21: The Shell Oil Company has experimen
- Page 22 and 23: of the windrows for aeration. The c
- Page 24 and 25: implementing the tests for which OD
- Page 26 and 27: (8) Apply YWC to a sufficient volum
- Page 28 and 29: Fig. 10 -Yard Waste Brush Pile (Oak
- Page 30 and 31: 3.3 Testing Methods Drying - To mea
- Page 32 and 33: Fig. 16 - Sealed Carbonization Reac
- Page 34 and 35: interior temperature of the furnace
- Page 36 and 37: Fig. 22 - Maple Samaras Before Carb
- Page 38 and 39: 3.4 Data Analysis In order to calcu
- Page 40 and 41: 2009 Buckeye Fruit 10.37 51.64 37.9
- Page 44 and 45: Fig. 26 - Improvement of Byproduct
- Page 46 and 47: One task of the research project wa
- Page 48 and 49: Table 10 - National Asphalt Organiz
- Page 50 and 51: Table 15 - Composting Organizations
- Page 52 and 53: had a significant aqueous fraction.
- Page 54 and 55: Bishara, S.W.,Robertson, R.E. and M
- Page 56 and 57: Ji-Lu, Z., (2007), “Bio-oil from
- Page 58 and 59: Terrel. R.L. (1980), “Evaluation
- Page 60: Appendix A - The Asphalt Institute
Fig. 25 – The Impact <strong>of</strong> Moisture Content On Byproduct Collection Efficiency<br />
Another research task was to evaluate the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> carbonization process design<br />
modifications. After experimenting with alternative reactor designs, the efforts <strong>of</strong> this project<br />
concentrated on improving the performance <strong>of</strong> discharge piping. The thought was that if<br />
temperatures in the discharge piping were more carefully controlled, the bituminous materials<br />
could be “encouraged” to condense and be removed at a desirable location rather than becoming<br />
an operational problem elsewhere in the discharge piping.<br />
Figure 26 illustrates the collection efficiency in the designated collection vessel as a function<br />
<strong>of</strong> time as efforts were made to “tune” production and collection. With the exception <strong>of</strong> a couple<br />
<strong>of</strong> uncharacteristic results achieved early in the experimental program, the results demonstrate<br />
that these efforts were able to make a significant improvement in the dependability and a modest<br />
improvement in the magnitude <strong>of</strong> collection.<br />
36
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