RevisionPharmacognosy2_203 - Faculty of Pharmacy
RevisionPharmacognosy2_203 - Faculty of Pharmacy
RevisionPharmacognosy2_203 - Faculty of Pharmacy
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
Identification Of Unknown Powder<br />
A-Observe the color:<br />
Orange Red Powder Reddish brown Powder Grey Powder<br />
* Fiery pungent taste<br />
* Boil pd with KOH, examine under<br />
microscope Endocarp and seed coat<br />
* Spicy Pungent Taste<br />
* 2dps <strong>of</strong> dil I2 on watch glass, sprinkle<br />
the pd, examine under microscope <br />
Blue particles (Starch Granules)<br />
* Pd + Sudan III Red globules<br />
2012/2013<br />
* Heterogeneous (fluffy & gritty).<br />
* Bitter taste.<br />
* Powder+ Phloroglucin + Conc.HCl<br />
Red color (Broken Lignified Ribs<br />
under microscope)<br />
(Capsicum) (Nutmeg) (Nux vomica)
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
*Wavy Crossed Fibers & simple vittae<br />
(few)<br />
* Powder+ Phloroglucin + Conc.HCl<br />
Red color (lignified wavy crossed<br />
Fibers under microscope)<br />
B- Pd + KOH, Boil (Examine under microscope and Search for vittae)<br />
Vittae present<br />
(Umbelliferous fruit)<br />
2012/2013<br />
Simple vittae + Branched vittae +<br />
* Porous layer.<br />
no hair, no wavy crossed * Non glandular,<br />
fiber& no porous layer. unicellular, conical hair.<br />
* Test for khellin .<br />
Vittae absent<br />
Senna<br />
Linseed<br />
Fenugreek<br />
Black mustard<br />
Psyllium<br />
* Powder+ Phloroglucin +<br />
Conc.HCl Red color<br />
(Reticulate parenchyma<br />
under microscope)<br />
* Spicy aromatic taste. * Bitter taste. * Sweet aromatic taste. Sweet aromatic taste.<br />
(Coriander) (Ammi visnaga) (Fennel) (Anise)
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
* Crossed<br />
Fibers<br />
* Non<br />
glandular,<br />
unicellular hair<br />
(few)<br />
Senna<br />
* Mat-like structure<br />
* Pigment layer<br />
(Linseed)<br />
Vittae absent<br />
* Polygonal Network<br />
Reticulation<br />
(Black<br />
Mustard)<br />
* Palisade-like<br />
Epidermal cells<br />
* Basket- like<br />
hypodermal cells<br />
( Foenugreek)<br />
2012/2013<br />
* Mucilaginous touch<br />
* Epidermal cells <strong>of</strong><br />
ventral side<br />
(Psyllium)
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
Scheme for Identification <strong>of</strong> Vegetable Powder<br />
I. Physical characters<br />
1) Condition: powder<br />
2) Colour:<br />
Pale powder:<br />
Psyllium (brownish buff)<br />
Nux vomica (Grey)<br />
Foenugreek (yellowish green)<br />
Dark powder:<br />
Linseed & Black mustard (yellowish brown)<br />
Nutmeg (reddish brown)<br />
Capsicum (Orange red)<br />
Senna (dark greenish brown)<br />
Fennel, Anise, Ammi visnaga &Coriander (greenish brown)<br />
3) Odour:<br />
Aromatic: Nutmeg, Fennel, Anise & Coriander.<br />
Sternutatory: Capsicum.<br />
Spicy characteristic: Foenugreek.<br />
Pungent: Black mustard.<br />
Odourless: Psyllium & Senna.<br />
Characteristic: rest <strong>of</strong> the powders.<br />
4) Taste:<br />
Fiery pungent: Capsicum.<br />
Aromatic spicy: Nutmeg & Coriander.<br />
Slightly bitter, pungent & mucilaginous: Black mustard.<br />
Bitter: Nux vomica, Ammi visnaga .<br />
Bitter mucilaginous: Foenugreek & Senna.<br />
Oily mucilaginous: Linseed.<br />
Strongly mucilaginous: Psyllium.<br />
Sweet aromatic: Fennel & Anise.
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
II. Preliminary chemical tests<br />
1) Press between two filter papers:<br />
Oily stain (oil): all seeds and fruits except Psyllium, Senna .<br />
2) Press between two moist fingers:<br />
Mucilaginous touch ( mucilage): Psyllium, Foenugreek, Black mustard,<br />
Linseed & Senna.<br />
No mucilaginous touch: rest <strong>of</strong> the powders.<br />
3) Effect <strong>of</strong> iodine (T.S.):<br />
Blue stain (starch): Nutmeg.<br />
No blue stain: rest <strong>of</strong> the powders.<br />
4) Effect <strong>of</strong> potassium hydroxide (T.S):<br />
Yellow colour (flavonoids): Foenugreek.<br />
Reddish brown colour on hot (sennosides): Senna.<br />
5) Effect <strong>of</strong> ferric chloride ( T.S.):<br />
Greenish colour (tannins): Nutmeg.<br />
6) Effect <strong>of</strong> 80% sulphuric acid:<br />
No red colour: all seeds & fruits.<br />
III. Microscopical chemical tests<br />
1) Effect <strong>of</strong> iodine (T.S.):<br />
Blue stain (starch): Nutmeg.<br />
Brown stain (proteins): all seeds & fruits.<br />
2) Effect <strong>of</strong> Sudan III:<br />
Red stain (due to oil): all seeds and fruits.<br />
3) Effect <strong>of</strong> ruthenium red :<br />
Red stain (acidic mucilage): Psyllium, Black mustard, Linseed, & Senna.<br />
No red stain: rest <strong>of</strong> the powders.<br />
4) Effect <strong>of</strong> picric acid:<br />
Yellow stain (proteins): all seeds & fruits.<br />
5) Effect <strong>of</strong> potassium hydroxide solution:<br />
Reddish brown colour on hot (sennosides): Senna.<br />
6) Effect <strong>of</strong> ferric chloride:<br />
Greenish colour (tannins): Nutmeg.<br />
7) Effect <strong>of</strong> 80% sulphuric acid:<br />
No red colour: all seeds & fruits.
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
IV. Microscopical examination Includes:<br />
Labeled Drawings<br />
Description<br />
V. Conclusion<br />
English name: …………………..<br />
Origin: …………………………<br />
VI. Special chemical tests<br />
Linseed: Guignard paper test.<br />
Foenugreek: Froth test.<br />
Psyllium: Ruthenium red.<br />
Black mustard, Nutmeg, Fennel, Anise & Coriander: Sudan III.<br />
Ammi visanga : Test for khellin (powder decoction + KOH pellets).<br />
Capsicum: test for capsaicin.<br />
Senna: Modified Borntrager`s test.<br />
Nux vomica: Nitric acid.<br />
Wish you Good Luck<br />
Course coordinator<br />
Ass. Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Maha M. Salama<br />
And<br />
Staff Members <strong>of</strong> Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
Hypodermis<br />
sclerenchyma<br />
Hyaline<br />
layer<br />
Endosperm<br />
T.S. in linseed<br />
T.S. In Foenugreek<br />
Thick<br />
cuticle<br />
Epidermis<br />
Pigment layer<br />
Epiderms<br />
(Palisade-like cells)<br />
Hypodermis<br />
(Basket-like cells)
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
T.S. in Capsicum seed<br />
Vitte<br />
V.B.<br />
T.S. in Fennel<br />
Orthospermous<br />
Endosperm<br />
Epicarp<br />
Hyaline layer<br />
Endocarp<br />
Testa
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
Branched Vittae<br />
1ry ridge<br />
Vascular bundle<br />
Vittae Orthospermous endosperm<br />
More prominent<br />
2ry ridge<br />
T.S. in Anise<br />
Less prominent<br />
1ry ridges<br />
Vittae Coelospermous endosperm<br />
T.S. in Coriander
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
T.S. in Ammi visnaga<br />
Orthospermous<br />
endosperm<br />
1ry ridge is more prominent than 2ry ridge<br />
T.S. in Ammi majus<br />
Orthospermous<br />
endosperm<br />
1ry ridge & 2ry ridge are equally prominent<br />
lacuna<br />
Fan like structure<br />
IML <strong>of</strong> mesocarp<br />
Crown shaped V.B.<br />
Papillosed Epicarp<br />
Fan-like structure
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
T.S. in capsicum pericarp<br />
(family solanaceae)<br />
Islets <strong>of</strong> scleriedes<br />
IMLM<br />
(Giant cell)<br />
Epicarp<br />
Wish you Good Luck<br />
Course coordinator<br />
Ass. Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Maha M. Salama<br />
And<br />
Staff Members <strong>of</strong> Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
Spots
Cairo University Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)<br />
<strong>Faculty</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pharmacy</strong><br />
Pharmacognosy Department<br />
Wish you Good Luck<br />
Course coordinator<br />
Ass. Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Maha M. Salama<br />
And<br />
Staff Members <strong>of</strong> Pharmacognosy-2 (<strong>203</strong>)
Change language