COSMOS, VOL. II - World eBook Library

639; accidents which led to the
naming of America, 676 681.
Anghiera, correspondence and writings
of, 422, 635, 636, 646, 660, 663
665, 678.
Anglo-Saxon poem, on the names of
the Runes, 401.
Animal Epos (the German), its genuine
delight in nature, 401, 402.
Antar, early Bedouin poem, 415, 416.
Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, his embassy
to China, 554.
Apollouins Myndius, on comets, 533.
Apollonius, of Perga, 546, 696 ; simi-
of his
'
larity System of the World'
to that of Tycho Brahe, 693, 694.
Appianus, of Cilicia, poem on fishes,
563.
Apuleius, his conjectures on fossils,
557, 563.
Aquinas (St. Thomas), 618, 619.
Arahian Gulf, its geognostic phenomena,
484, 485.
Arabs, their poetry, in relation to
nature, 415; its characteristics, 416;
influence of their invasions on the
advancement of the physical and
mathematical sciences, *569 600,
615 618; their incursions, com-
merce, &c., 572, 573; configuration
of Arabia and its natural productions,
573 575; their nomadic life as
compared with that of the Scythians,
577, 578; intercourse with the Nes-
torians, 578, 579; their knowledge
of botany and the science of medi-
cine, 580 581 ; scientific
qualifications,
583, 584 their ; geographers,
584 586; repugnance to anatomy,
586; valuable translations from
Greek, Syriac, Indian, &c., 586,
688 ; their botanists and school of
medicine, 587 ; chemistry and pharmacy,
589 591 ; astronomy, 592
596,'t)65 ; algebra, 596 599 ; general
results of their
600.
scientific researches,
Arago, on the magnifying power of
Galileo's telescope, 683; true method
of writing the history of science,
702 ; treatise on changing or periodic
stars, 713; discovery
polarisation, 715, 716.
Archimedes, 546, 557 ; his '
562.
of coloured
Catoptrica
'
Argonautic expedition to Colchis, elu.
cidation of the myth, 508.
Aristarchus, of Samos, his correct
knowledge of the Earth's structure,
469; of astronomy, 644, 645; ac-
quaintance of Copernicus with his
*
writings, 691 694.
Aristobulus, 520, 523.
Aristotle, noble passage on the effect of
natural scenery, 381 ; on Empedocles,
383; on Ramses the Great, 488;
his idea of the proximity of India to
the Pillars of Hercules," 51 6; on the
advantages of political unity, 518,
519; his doctrines and expositions,
525 ; Dante on, 525 ; his '
Historia
Animalium '
and '
Meteorologica,'
526528, 560, 565; his zoological
specimens and collection of books,
528; anatomical dissection, 528,
529; his school and leading fol-
lowers, 529, 530; important results
of his teaching, 541, 643; on the
weight of the atmosphere, 562; Arabic
translations of, 586; letter of
the Emperor Frederick II. on, 586,
587 ; influence of his philosophy in
the middle ages, 616, 617; imperfect
ideas on attraction, 690; inventor
of retrograde spheres, 697.
Aryabhatta,
555.
Indian mathematician,
Alexandrian astrono-
Arystillus, early
mer, 544, 645.
Astrolabes,
638.
use of, in navigation, 630
Astronomy, knowledge of, by the Chal-
deans, 532534; Greeks, 532, 533,
543_546 ; Arabs, 592595 ; observations
by the discoverers of Ame-
rica, 664 673; application of, to
navigation, 630638, 669674 ;
brilliant progress from the discovery
of the telescope, 681687.
Augustus, his collection of fossils, 563.
Ausonius, descriptions of nature, in his
Mosella,' 388.
poem '
Australia, discovery of, 649, 650.
Avicenna, Zoological History of, 587;
work on Materia Medica, 688.
Avienus Festus, writings of, 497.
Bacon, Lord, '
InstauratioMagna/ 698;
conjectures on atmospheric currents,
723.