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The recipe for marmalade includes sliced or chopped fruit peel<br />
simmered in sugar, fruit juice and water until soft; indeed marmalade<br />
is sometimes described as jam with fruit peel ( although<br />
manufacturers also produce peel - free marmalade ) . Marmalade is<br />
often eaten on toast for breakfast.<br />
2 – Origins :<br />
Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org<br />
The Romans learned from the Greeks that quinces slowly<br />
cooked with honey would "set" when cool ( though they did not know<br />
about fruit pectin ) . Greek melimēlon or "honey fruit"—for most<br />
quinces are too astringent to be used without honey, and in Greek<br />
mēlon or "apple" stands for all globular fruits—was transformed into<br />
"marmelo." A Roman cookbook attributed to Apicius gives a recipe<br />
for preserving whole quinces, stems and leaves attached, in a bath of<br />
honey diluted with defrutum—Roman marmalade . <strong>Preserves</strong> of<br />
quince and lemon appear—along with rose, apple, plum and pear—in<br />
the Book of ceremonies of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII<br />
Porphyrogennetos , "a book that is not only a treatise on the etiquette<br />
of imperial banquetting in the ninth century, but a catalogue of the<br />
foods available and dishes made from them " .<br />
Medieval quince preserves, which went by the French name<br />
cotignac, produced in a clear version and a fruit pulp version, began<br />
to lose their medieval seasoning of spices in the 16th century. In the<br />
17th century La Varenne provided recipes for both thick and clear<br />
cotignac .<br />
The extension of "marmalade" in the English language to refer<br />
to citrus fruits was made in the 17th century, when citrus first began<br />
to be plentiful enough in England for the usage to become common.<br />
In some continental Europe languages , a word sharing a root<br />
with "marmalade" refers to all gelled fruit conserves, and those<br />
derived from citrus fruits merit no special word of their own. Due to<br />
British influence, however, only citrus products may be sold as<br />
"marmalade" in the European Union (with certain exceptions , which<br />
has led to considerable complaints from those countries .<br />
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