drivers of soil respiration of root and microbial ... - Unitus DSpace

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8 3.2.4. Data analyses and definition of terms…………………….………………….74 3.2.5.Time lag by mesh-bag technique…...…………………………….……..…….75 3.3. Results…………………………………………………………………………...…….76 3.3.1. Raw isotopic values………………………………….……….…….….……..76 3.3.2. Label partitioning……………………………………….………………..…..76 3.3.3. Mean Residence Time………………………………………………………..78 3.3.4. Mean Age of new C……………………………………………………….….79 3.3.5. Time lag by mesh bag technique………………………………………….….79 3.4. Discussion……………………………………………………………………………...82 3.4.1. Speed of C cycling……………………………………………………………82 3.4.2. Allocation patterns……………………………………..………………….…84 3.4.3. Destructive vs. Non-destructive technique……………………..…………….85 4. THE EFFCT OF DEFOLIATION MANAGEMENT PRACTISES ON SOIL RESPIRATION OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN AND SOIL BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES……………………………………………………………………………………...90 4.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………….………..…91 4.2. Materials and Methods……………………………………………………………….92 4.2.1. Research area and experimental design…………………….……………….92 4.2.2. Soil respiration and partitioning……………………………….……….……93 4.2.3. Soil chemical and biochemical properties …………………………..………95 4.3. Results………………………………………………………………….………………98 4.3.1. Soil respiration and partitioning……………………….………………….…98 4.3.2. Soil biochemical properties …………………………………………….…..104 4.4. Discussion…………………………………………………………..……….………..110 4.4.1. Soil respiration and defoliation……………………………...……….……..110 4.4.2. Microbial activity and defoliation……………………….………….………112 4.4.3. Conclusions………………………………………….………….…………..114 5. FOCUSING ON ROOT-DERIVED RESPIRATION: C COSTS OF NITRATE REDUCTION AS ESTIMATED BY 14 CO2 LABELING OF LUPINE AND CORN……......121 5.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….122 5.2. Materials and methods…………………………………………………….………..124 5.2.1. Soil……………………..………………………………………………..…..124 5.2.2. Plants and growth conditions……………………………………………….124 5.2.3. 14 C labeling and 15 N application……………………………………..……..125
5.2.4. Sampling and analyses……………………………………….….…….........126 5.2.5. Statistics..........................................................................................................126 5.3. Results ……………………………………………………………………….….…...127 5.3.1. Aboveground and belowground plant biomass……………………….…….127 5.3.2. Dynamics of 14 CO2 efflux from a soil compartment with Lupinus albus and Zea mays……………………………………………………….……….……..127 5.3.3. 15 N uptake by plants………………………………………………….……...132 5.3.4. Total CO2 efflux from planted soil with Lupinus albus and Zea mays (V6)…..............................................................................................................133 5.4. Discussion…………………………………………………………………….………136 5.4.1. Root-derived CO2 – comparison of two methods…………………..…….…136 5.4.2. 14 C-CO2 efflux from soil ………………………………………………….....137 5.4.3. NH4 + versus NO3 - supply – effect on the root respiration …………….……138 5.4.4. Carbon costs of nitrate reduction – comparison between species and different N supplies………………………………………………………………………….140 5.4.5. Effect of growing stage on root respiration………………………………..141 5.4.6. Conclusions………………………………………………..………………..142 6. CONTRIBUTION OF ROOT RESPIRATION TO CO2 EMISSION FROM SOIL IN GRASSLANDS: COMPARISON OF PARTITIONING METHODS………..........................147 6.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………….…148 6.2. Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………..….150 6.2.1. Mesh- exclusion technique…………………………………………….……150 6.2.2. Combined method: SIR+component integration…………………………..151 6.2.3. Regression analyses technique…………………………………………...…152 6.3. Results………………………………………………………………….…………….152 6.3.1. 2007: Mesh- exclusion vs. combined SIR………………………………….152 6.3.2. 2008: Mesh- exclusion vs. regression technique…………………………...156 6.4. Discussion……………………………………………………………………………158 6.4.1. Mesh-exclusion……………………………………………………….…….158 6.4.2. Combined SIR………………………………………………………..……..159 6.4.3. Regression analyses technique……………………………………………..160 6.4.4. General comparison of three partitioning methods………………….…….162 9
Page 1: !!"% ( !"+ "!$ (!'! ,' - !"+ "!$ ##
Page 4 and 5: explain diurnal and seasonal change
Page 6 and 7: sull’intensità del flusso respir
Page 11 and 12: 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 11
Page 13 and 14: times as much carbon as the terrest
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 3 Different soil C pools with
Page 17 and 18: 1.3. Soil respiration sources Soil
Page 19 and 20: conditions, like soil type, plants
Page 21 and 22: For grasslands, the nature, frequen
Page 23 and 24: (a) (b) (c) Fig.7 Amplero (AQ, Ital
Page 25 and 26: magnitude of root respiration and o
Page 27 and 28: efficiency, indicating future posit
Page 29 and 30: approaches for studying of the cont
Page 31 and 32: Houghton R.A., 2003. Revised estima
Page 33: Vleeshouwers L.M., Verhagen A. 2002
Page 36 and 37: 2.1. Introduction 36 Soil respirati
Page 38 and 39: 38 In the year 2005 ten PVC collars
Page 40 and 41: 2.2.4. Biochemical analyses Microbi
Page 42 and 43: 42 Variation of soil respiration fr
Page 44 and 45: CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 44 CO
Page 46 and 47: 46 All diurnal measurements of root
Page 48 and 49: 48 Q10 R 2 p Rs 2.51 0.77 0.000 Ra
Page 50 and 51: the photosynthesis and its followin
Page 52 and 53: 2.3.3. Inter-annual variation of so
Page 54 and 55: 54 RS RHET 8 6 6 4 25 4 2 2 25 20 T
Page 56 and 57: 2.4. Discussion 2.4.1. Partitioning
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measurements, the possibility to fi
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and Schlesinger, 1992; Moyano et al
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Janssens I.A., Pilegaard K., 2003.
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Xu X., Kuzyakov Y., Wanek W., Richt
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3.1. Introduction Soil respiration
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Our experiment was conducted in a m
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Lactic acid 13 C 13 CO2 Root-derive
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At the end of the process, the subl
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where, MAs - the mean age of the co
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13C of respiration ( o / oo ) 155 1
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Total Label Recovered (TLR, %) Ra R
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GPP (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 25 20 15 10 5
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frequent and possibly they missed t
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3.4.3. Destructive vs. Non-destruct
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Gavrichkova O., Kuzyakov Y., 2008.
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Chapter source: 90 4. THE EFFCT OF
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Bardgett et al. (1997) showed that
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94 Partitioning plots were installe
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Microbial C was calculated as a dif
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taken from 1 µg N-NO2 ml -1 soluti
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ates between clipped and unclipped
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Fig. 7 Total (Rs), root (Ra)- and m
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104 Rh, (CO 2 , mmolm -2 s -1 ) 7 6
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Fig. 11 Cumulative microbial respir
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108 After the calculation of synthe
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Fig. 16: a) Relationship between sy
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an annual mowing the measurement wa
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mineral N available to plants and N
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Cambardella C.A., Elliott E.T., (19
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Rice C.W., Moorman T.B., Beare M, 1
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120
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5.1. Introduction 122 Nitrogen (N)
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specie, c) an additional aim was to
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5.2.4. Sampling and analyses 126 Na
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the differences between N and contr
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130 specific root respiration (max
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Fig. 4 a) Intensity of 14 CO2 efflu
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Fig. 6 a) values above zero: root-d
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136 Zea mays: A clear diurnal dynam
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plants. The growth stage could cont
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nitrates. At temperatures of 15 - 2
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experiment could be responsible for
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Horwath W.R., Pretziger K.S., Paul,
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146
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148 6.1 . Introduction In studies o
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Regression analyses technique, whic
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152 The respiratory response with g
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154 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 85% 13%
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6.3.2. 2008: Mesh- exclusion vs. re
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6.4. Discussion 6.4.1. Mesh-exclusi
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introduction in a small soil sample
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component, expressing a total soil
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Kucera C.L., Kirkham D.R., 1971. So
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Acknowledgements This work was poss
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