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CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 44 CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 15 June Rs Ra Rh 5h 0h 0h 18h 5h 10h 0,0 4 9 14 19 24 29 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 Rs Ra Rh 11 July 9h 5h 5h 9h 10h 10h 10h 0h 18h 0,0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2,0 1,0 Rs Ra Rh 19 August 11h 11h 11h 0h T ( o C) 0,0 19h 14 16 18 20 22 24 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 Rs Ra Rh 7 September T ( o C) 10h 0,0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 T ( o C) 0h 0h 0h 10h 0h 10h 0h 18h 19h 2h 2h 14h 14h 18h 14h 14h 18h 14h 18h 16h 16h 16h 18h 7h 14h 0,0 2 3 4 5 6 Fig. 5 Diurnal changes of total (Rs), root (Ra) and microbial (Rh) derived soil respiration in response to soil temperature at 5cm depth in the year 2007 and 2008. Consecutive hours were connected by lines, inserts indicate time of the day. CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 2,0 1,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 Rs Ra Rh Rs Ra 11 November 6h 11h 11h 29 April 11h 7h Rh 0h 0h 7h 3h T ( o C) 14h 14h 23h 3h 23h 12h 6h 0,0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 Rs Ra Rh 6h 6h 1h T ( o C) 1h 0,0 10 12 14 16 18 20 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 Rs Ra Rh 6h 5 June 2 August 1h 22h 1h T ( o C) 2,0 22h 19h 13h 1,0 0,0 6h 1h 10h 16h 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 10h T ( o C) 11h 11h 19h 19h 15h 19h 15h 19h 20h 20h 20h 13h 15h 15h 13h 16h 16h 12h 12h
Ts ( o C), SWC (%) 32.5 30 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 15 12.5 10 SWC Ts GPP June 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 hour Fig. 6 Diurnal variation of soil temperature (Ts) at 5 cm depth, soil water content (SWC) at 5 cm depth and gross primary production (GPP) on the 15 th June 2007. Data are a 30 minutes averages from the meteo station installed in Amplero. 3 CO 2 efflux ( mol m -2 s -1 ) 2 1 -1 10 8 6 4 2 0 July 0 5 10 15 20 25 -2 Ra Rh November November September September T ( Fig. 7 Variation in soil respiration of root (a) and microbial (b) origin (± SE) vs. changes in soil temperature in the course of the vegetation season 2007. oC) June 0 0 5 10 15 20 August 25 June July August 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 CO 2 (umol m -2 s -1) 45
Page 1: !!"% ( !"+ "!$ (!'! ,' - !"+ "!$ ##
Page 4 and 5: explain diurnal and seasonal change
Page 6 and 7: sull’intensità del flusso respir
Page 8 and 9: 8 3.2.4. Data analyses and definiti
Page 11 and 12: 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 11
Page 13 and 14: times as much carbon as the terrest
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 3 Different soil C pools with
Page 17 and 18: 1.3. Soil respiration sources Soil
Page 19 and 20: conditions, like soil type, plants
Page 21 and 22: For grasslands, the nature, frequen
Page 23 and 24: (a) (b) (c) Fig.7 Amplero (AQ, Ital
Page 25 and 26: magnitude of root respiration and o
Page 27 and 28: efficiency, indicating future posit
Page 29 and 30: approaches for studying of the cont
Page 31 and 32: Houghton R.A., 2003. Revised estima
Page 33: Vleeshouwers L.M., Verhagen A. 2002
Page 36 and 37: 2.1. Introduction 36 Soil respirati
Page 38 and 39: 38 In the year 2005 ten PVC collars
Page 40 and 41: 2.2.4. Biochemical analyses Microbi
Page 42 and 43: 42 Variation of soil respiration fr
Page 46 and 47: 46 All diurnal measurements of root
Page 48 and 49: 48 Q10 R 2 p Rs 2.51 0.77 0.000 Ra
Page 50 and 51: the photosynthesis and its followin
Page 52 and 53: 2.3.3. Inter-annual variation of so
Page 54 and 55: 54 RS RHET 8 6 6 4 25 4 2 2 25 20 T
Page 56 and 57: 2.4. Discussion 2.4.1. Partitioning
Page 58 and 59: measurements, the possibility to fi
Page 60 and 61: and Schlesinger, 1992; Moyano et al
Page 62 and 63: Janssens I.A., Pilegaard K., 2003.
Page 64: Xu X., Kuzyakov Y., Wanek W., Richt
Page 67 and 68: 3.1. Introduction Soil respiration
Page 69 and 70: Our experiment was conducted in a m
Page 71 and 72: Lactic acid 13 C 13 CO2 Root-derive
Page 73 and 74: At the end of the process, the subl
Page 75 and 76: where, MAs - the mean age of the co
Page 77 and 78: 13C of respiration ( o / oo ) 155 1
Page 79 and 80: Total Label Recovered (TLR, %) Ra R
Page 81 and 82: GPP (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 25 20 15 10 5
Page 83 and 84: frequent and possibly they missed t
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.3. Destructive vs. Non-destruct
Page 87 and 88: Gavrichkova O., Kuzyakov Y., 2008.
Page 90 and 91: Chapter source: 90 4. THE EFFCT OF
Page 92 and 93: Bardgett et al. (1997) showed that
Page 94 and 95:
94 Partitioning plots were installe
Page 96 and 97:
Microbial C was calculated as a dif
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taken from 1 µg N-NO2 ml -1 soluti
Page 100 and 101:
ates between clipped and unclipped
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Fig. 7 Total (Rs), root (Ra)- and m
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104 Rh, (CO 2 , mmolm -2 s -1 ) 7 6
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Fig. 11 Cumulative microbial respir
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108 After the calculation of synthe
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Fig. 16: a) Relationship between sy
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an annual mowing the measurement wa
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mineral N available to plants and N
Page 116 and 117:
Cambardella C.A., Elliott E.T., (19
Page 118 and 119:
Rice C.W., Moorman T.B., Beare M, 1
Page 120 and 121:
120
Page 122 and 123:
5.1. Introduction 122 Nitrogen (N)
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specie, c) an additional aim was to
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5.2.4. Sampling and analyses 126 Na
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the differences between N and contr
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130 specific root respiration (max
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Fig. 4 a) Intensity of 14 CO2 efflu
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Fig. 6 a) values above zero: root-d
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136 Zea mays: A clear diurnal dynam
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plants. The growth stage could cont
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nitrates. At temperatures of 15 - 2
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experiment could be responsible for
Page 144 and 145:
Horwath W.R., Pretziger K.S., Paul,
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146
Page 148 and 149:
148 6.1 . Introduction In studies o
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Regression analyses technique, whic
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152 The respiratory response with g
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154 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 85% 13%
Page 156 and 157:
6.3.2. 2008: Mesh- exclusion vs. re
Page 158 and 159:
6.4. Discussion 6.4.1. Mesh-exclusi
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introduction in a small soil sample
Page 162 and 163:
component, expressing a total soil
Page 164 and 165:
Kucera C.L., Kirkham D.R., 1971. So
Page 166:
Acknowledgements This work was poss
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