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the differences between N and control treatments. The maximum difference between control and soil with added N was found during the night periods and minimum values were found during the day (Fig. 1, up). 128 The difference between plants fertilized by NO3 - -N and NH4 + -N in the quantity of 14 C respired, was highest during the first two days after the labeling. After two days already no significant differences between N treatments were measured (Fig. 1, up). Cumulative 14 C respiration of roots and rhizosphere microorganisms during six days after the labeling reached 6.8% of assimilated 14 C in soil without N fertilization, 8.3% for the NH4 + -N treatment, and 9.3% for the NO3 - -N treatment, and was significantly different (p
CO 2 efflux intensity (% of assimilated d -1 ) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 15 12 9 6 3 0 lupine control - 6.8% NH4 - 8.3% NO3 - 9.3% corn V6 control - 5.8% corn V8 Fig. 2 Effect of N fertilization type on dynamics of 14 CO2 efflux rate from the soil (± SE) planted with Lupinus albus (top) and Zea mays , labeled on the V6 (middle) and V8 (bottom) stage. Night periods are shown in grey, day – in white. NH4 NO3 control NH4 NO3 - 5.4% - 7.0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 days after labeling - 4.7% - 8.5% - 8.9% 129
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!!"% ( !"+ "!$ (!'! ,' - !"+ "!$ ##
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explain diurnal and seasonal change
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sull’intensità del flusso respir
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8 3.2.4. Data analyses and definiti
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1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 11
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times as much carbon as the terrest
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Fig. 3 Different soil C pools with
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1.3. Soil respiration sources Soil
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conditions, like soil type, plants
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For grasslands, the nature, frequen
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(a) (b) (c) Fig.7 Amplero (AQ, Ital
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magnitude of root respiration and o
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efficiency, indicating future posit
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approaches for studying of the cont
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Houghton R.A., 2003. Revised estima
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Vleeshouwers L.M., Verhagen A. 2002
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2.1. Introduction 36 Soil respirati
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38 In the year 2005 ten PVC collars
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2.2.4. Biochemical analyses Microbi
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42 Variation of soil respiration fr
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CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 44 CO
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46 All diurnal measurements of root
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48 Q10 R 2 p Rs 2.51 0.77 0.000 Ra
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the photosynthesis and its followin
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2.3.3. Inter-annual variation of so
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54 RS RHET 8 6 6 4 25 4 2 2 25 20 T
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2.4. Discussion 2.4.1. Partitioning
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measurements, the possibility to fi
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and Schlesinger, 1992; Moyano et al
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Janssens I.A., Pilegaard K., 2003.
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Xu X., Kuzyakov Y., Wanek W., Richt
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3.1. Introduction Soil respiration
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Our experiment was conducted in a m
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Lactic acid 13 C 13 CO2 Root-derive
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At the end of the process, the subl
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where, MAs - the mean age of the co
Page 77 and 78: 13C of respiration ( o / oo ) 155 1
Page 79 and 80: Total Label Recovered (TLR, %) Ra R
Page 81 and 82: GPP (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 25 20 15 10 5
Page 83 and 84: frequent and possibly they missed t
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.3. Destructive vs. Non-destruct
Page 87 and 88: Gavrichkova O., Kuzyakov Y., 2008.
Page 90 and 91: Chapter source: 90 4. THE EFFCT OF
Page 92 and 93: Bardgett et al. (1997) showed that
Page 94 and 95: 94 Partitioning plots were installe
Page 96 and 97: Microbial C was calculated as a dif
Page 98 and 99: taken from 1 µg N-NO2 ml -1 soluti
Page 100 and 101: ates between clipped and unclipped
Page 102 and 103: Fig. 7 Total (Rs), root (Ra)- and m
Page 104 and 105: 104 Rh, (CO 2 , mmolm -2 s -1 ) 7 6
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 11 Cumulative microbial respir
Page 108 and 109: 108 After the calculation of synthe
Page 110 and 111: Fig. 16: a) Relationship between sy
Page 112 and 113: an annual mowing the measurement wa
Page 114 and 115: mineral N available to plants and N
Page 116 and 117: Cambardella C.A., Elliott E.T., (19
Page 118 and 119: Rice C.W., Moorman T.B., Beare M, 1
Page 120 and 121: 120
Page 122 and 123: 5.1. Introduction 122 Nitrogen (N)
Page 124 and 125: specie, c) an additional aim was to
Page 126 and 127: 5.2.4. Sampling and analyses 126 Na
Page 130 and 131: 130 specific root respiration (max
Page 132 and 133: Fig. 4 a) Intensity of 14 CO2 efflu
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 6 a) values above zero: root-d
Page 136 and 137: 136 Zea mays: A clear diurnal dynam
Page 138 and 139: plants. The growth stage could cont
Page 140 and 141: nitrates. At temperatures of 15 - 2
Page 142 and 143: experiment could be responsible for
Page 144 and 145: Horwath W.R., Pretziger K.S., Paul,
Page 146 and 147: 146
Page 148 and 149: 148 6.1 . Introduction In studies o
Page 150 and 151: Regression analyses technique, whic
Page 152 and 153: 152 The respiratory response with g
Page 154 and 155: 154 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 85% 13%
Page 156 and 157: 6.3.2. 2008: Mesh- exclusion vs. re
Page 158 and 159: 6.4. Discussion 6.4.1. Mesh-exclusi
Page 160 and 161: introduction in a small soil sample
Page 162 and 163: component, expressing a total soil
Page 164 and 165: Kucera C.L., Kirkham D.R., 1971. So
Page 166: Acknowledgements This work was poss
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