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Rice C.W., Moorman T.B., Beare M, 1996. Role of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil quality. In: Doran, 118 J.W., Jones, A.J. (Eds.), Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. SSSA Special Publication No. 49. Soil Sci Soc Am , Madison, Wisconsin, 203–215. Riffaldi R., Saviozzi A., Levi-Minzi R., 1996. Carbon mineralization kinetics as influenced by soil properties. Biol Fertil Soil 22, 293-298. Rustad L.E., Campbell J.L., Marion G.M., et al. 2001. A meta-analysis of the response of soil respiration, net nitrogen mineralization,vand aboveground plant growth to experimental ecosystem warming. Oecologia, 126, 543–562. Schjonning P., Elmholt S., Munkholm L.J., Debosz K., 2002. Soil quality aspects of humid sandy loams as influenced by organic and conventional long-term management. Agric Ecosyst Environ 88, 195–214. Sparling G.P. 1997. Soil microbial biomass, activity and nutrient cycling as indicators of soil health. In: Pankhurst C.E., Doube B.M., Gupta V.V.S.R. (eds), Biological indicators of soil health, CAB International Wallingford UK, pp. 97-119. Stark S., Kytoviita M.M., 2006. Simulated grazer effects on microbial respiration in a subarctic meadow: implications for nutrient competition between plants and soil microorganisms. Appl Soil Ecol 31, 20-31. Sun O.J., Cambell J., Law B.E., et al., 2004. Dynamics of carbon storage in soils and detritus across chronosequences of different forest types in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Glob Change Biol 10, 1470–1481. Tracy B.F., Frank D.A., 1998. Herbivore influence on soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization in a northern grassland ecosystem: Yellowstone National Park. Oecologia, 114, 556–562. Turner B.L., Hopkins D.W., Haygarth P.M., Ostle N., 2002. ß-Glucosidase sctivity in pasture soils. Appl Soil Ecol 20, 157-162. Uhlirova E., Simek M., Santruckova H., 2005. Microbial transformation of organic matter in soils of mountain grasslands under different management. Appl Soil Ecol 28, 225-235. Vance E.D., Brookes P.C., Jenkinson D.S., 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biol Biochem 19, 703-707. Walker B., Steffen W., Canadell J., 1999. The terrestrial Biosphere and global change Implication for natural and managed ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Wan S., Hui D., Wallace L.L., 2005. Direct and indirect warming effects on ecosystem carbon processes in a tallgrass prairie. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, 1-13. Wan S., Luo Y., 2003. Substrate regulation of soil respiration in tall grass prairie: results of clipping and shading experiment. Glob Biogechem Cycle 17, 1-12. Wang W.J., Dalal R.C., Moody P.W., Smith C.J., 2003. Relationships of soil respiration to microbial biomass, substrate availability and clay content. Soil Biol Biochem 35, 273-284. Wang W., Guo J., Oikawa T., 2007. Contribution of root to soil respiration and C balance in disturbed and undisturbed grassland communities, northeast China. J Biosci 32, 375-384. Wardle D.A., Ghani A., 1995. A critique of the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) as a bioindicator of disturbance and ecosystem development. Soil Biol Biochem 27 , 1601-1610. Whipps J.M., 1990. Carbon economy. In: Lynch, J.M. (Ed.), The Rhizosphere. John Wiley, New York, 52–97. Yakovchenko V., Sikora L.J., Kaufman D.D., 1996. A biologically based indicator of soil quality. Biol Fertil Soil 21, 245-251. Zhang W., Parker K.M., Luo Y., 2005. Soil microbial responses to experimental warming and clipping in a tallgrass prairie. Glob Change Biol 11, 266-277.
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explain diurnal and seasonal change
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sull’intensità del flusso respir
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8 3.2.4. Data analyses and definiti
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1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 11
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times as much carbon as the terrest
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Fig. 3 Different soil C pools with
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1.3. Soil respiration sources Soil
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conditions, like soil type, plants
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For grasslands, the nature, frequen
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(a) (b) (c) Fig.7 Amplero (AQ, Ital
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magnitude of root respiration and o
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efficiency, indicating future posit
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approaches for studying of the cont
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Houghton R.A., 2003. Revised estima
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Vleeshouwers L.M., Verhagen A. 2002
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2.1. Introduction 36 Soil respirati
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38 In the year 2005 ten PVC collars
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2.2.4. Biochemical analyses Microbi
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42 Variation of soil respiration fr
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CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 44 CO
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46 All diurnal measurements of root
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48 Q10 R 2 p Rs 2.51 0.77 0.000 Ra
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the photosynthesis and its followin
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2.3.3. Inter-annual variation of so
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54 RS RHET 8 6 6 4 25 4 2 2 25 20 T
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2.4. Discussion 2.4.1. Partitioning
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measurements, the possibility to fi
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and Schlesinger, 1992; Moyano et al
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Janssens I.A., Pilegaard K., 2003.
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Xu X., Kuzyakov Y., Wanek W., Richt
Page 67 and 68: 3.1. Introduction Soil respiration
Page 69 and 70: Our experiment was conducted in a m
Page 71 and 72: Lactic acid 13 C 13 CO2 Root-derive
Page 73 and 74: At the end of the process, the subl
Page 75 and 76: where, MAs - the mean age of the co
Page 77 and 78: 13C of respiration ( o / oo ) 155 1
Page 79 and 80: Total Label Recovered (TLR, %) Ra R
Page 81 and 82: GPP (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 25 20 15 10 5
Page 83 and 84: frequent and possibly they missed t
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.3. Destructive vs. Non-destruct
Page 87 and 88: Gavrichkova O., Kuzyakov Y., 2008.
Page 90 and 91: Chapter source: 90 4. THE EFFCT OF
Page 92 and 93: Bardgett et al. (1997) showed that
Page 94 and 95: 94 Partitioning plots were installe
Page 96 and 97: Microbial C was calculated as a dif
Page 98 and 99: taken from 1 µg N-NO2 ml -1 soluti
Page 100 and 101: ates between clipped and unclipped
Page 102 and 103: Fig. 7 Total (Rs), root (Ra)- and m
Page 104 and 105: 104 Rh, (CO 2 , mmolm -2 s -1 ) 7 6
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 11 Cumulative microbial respir
Page 108 and 109: 108 After the calculation of synthe
Page 110 and 111: Fig. 16: a) Relationship between sy
Page 112 and 113: an annual mowing the measurement wa
Page 114 and 115: mineral N available to plants and N
Page 116 and 117: Cambardella C.A., Elliott E.T., (19
Page 120 and 121: 120
Page 122 and 123: 5.1. Introduction 122 Nitrogen (N)
Page 124 and 125: specie, c) an additional aim was to
Page 126 and 127: 5.2.4. Sampling and analyses 126 Na
Page 128 and 129: the differences between N and contr
Page 130 and 131: 130 specific root respiration (max
Page 132 and 133: Fig. 4 a) Intensity of 14 CO2 efflu
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 6 a) values above zero: root-d
Page 136 and 137: 136 Zea mays: A clear diurnal dynam
Page 138 and 139: plants. The growth stage could cont
Page 140 and 141: nitrates. At temperatures of 15 - 2
Page 142 and 143: experiment could be responsible for
Page 144 and 145: Horwath W.R., Pretziger K.S., Paul,
Page 146 and 147: 146
Page 148 and 149: 148 6.1 . Introduction In studies o
Page 150 and 151: Regression analyses technique, whic
Page 152 and 153: 152 The respiratory response with g
Page 154 and 155: 154 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 85% 13%
Page 156 and 157: 6.3.2. 2008: Mesh- exclusion vs. re
Page 158 and 159: 6.4. Discussion 6.4.1. Mesh-exclusi
Page 160 and 161: introduction in a small soil sample
Page 162 and 163: component, expressing a total soil
Page 164 and 165: Kucera C.L., Kirkham D.R., 1971. So
Page 166: Acknowledgements This work was poss
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