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Fig. 16: a) Relationship between synthetic enzymatic index (SEI) and metabolic quotient (qCO2) in June; R 2 =0.60, p
elax of the microbial community in terms of C gaining and C mineralization activity as other easily available C substrates were present in the soil. This was confirmed by the results of Cext (a labile source of soluble C) measured just after the mowing in June and four months after the mowing in October (see below). Numerous studies have observed increases in soil CO2 efflux in response to warming (Peterjohn et al., 1994; Rustad et al., 2001; Melillo et al., 2002; Niinisto et al., 2004; Zhou et al., 2007). The warming-induced response of soil respiration may be regulated by acclimatization of respiration (Luo et al., 2001), phenological and physiological adjustments of plants and microbes (Melillo et al., 2002), extension of growing season (Dunne et al., 2003; Wan et al., 2005, Zhou et al., 2007), changes in net N mineralization (Wan et al., 2005) and stimulation of C4 plant productivity (Wan et al., 2005). Our study showed that warming of the defoliated soil significantly increased respiration of microbial origin, resulting in an increase of the total CO2 efflux from soil. These increase likely resulted from enhanced oxidation of soil C compounds in warmed plots for microbial-derived respiration and possibly for the microbial component of rhizomicrobial respiration (root-derived one). Warming of the managed soil cancelled the effect of defoliation and resulted in the absence of difference in the cumulative soil respiration and its components between treatments. It was not possible to account for the dynamics in root-derived respiration at common physical environmental conditions in MG and UM plots as this component of soil CO2 efflux was not related to changes in soil temperature (Fig. 6). It is clear that temperature sensitivity of root- derived respiration at the non-limited SWC was modified by treatment. In UM plots an obvious exponential increase of root-derived respiration with a high Q10 values was registrated, whereas in plots subjected to defoliation practice the Q10 was reduced considerably (p
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explain diurnal and seasonal change
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sull’intensità del flusso respir
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8 3.2.4. Data analyses and definiti
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1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 11
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times as much carbon as the terrest
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Fig. 3 Different soil C pools with
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1.3. Soil respiration sources Soil
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conditions, like soil type, plants
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For grasslands, the nature, frequen
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(a) (b) (c) Fig.7 Amplero (AQ, Ital
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magnitude of root respiration and o
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efficiency, indicating future posit
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approaches for studying of the cont
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Houghton R.A., 2003. Revised estima
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Vleeshouwers L.M., Verhagen A. 2002
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2.1. Introduction 36 Soil respirati
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38 In the year 2005 ten PVC collars
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2.2.4. Biochemical analyses Microbi
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42 Variation of soil respiration fr
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CO 2 efflux (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 44 CO
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46 All diurnal measurements of root
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48 Q10 R 2 p Rs 2.51 0.77 0.000 Ra
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the photosynthesis and its followin
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2.3.3. Inter-annual variation of so
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54 RS RHET 8 6 6 4 25 4 2 2 25 20 T
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2.4. Discussion 2.4.1. Partitioning
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measurements, the possibility to fi
Page 60 and 61: and Schlesinger, 1992; Moyano et al
Page 62 and 63: Janssens I.A., Pilegaard K., 2003.
Page 64: Xu X., Kuzyakov Y., Wanek W., Richt
Page 67 and 68: 3.1. Introduction Soil respiration
Page 69 and 70: Our experiment was conducted in a m
Page 71 and 72: Lactic acid 13 C 13 CO2 Root-derive
Page 73 and 74: At the end of the process, the subl
Page 75 and 76: where, MAs - the mean age of the co
Page 77 and 78: 13C of respiration ( o / oo ) 155 1
Page 79 and 80: Total Label Recovered (TLR, %) Ra R
Page 81 and 82: GPP (mmol m -2 s -1 ) 25 20 15 10 5
Page 83 and 84: frequent and possibly they missed t
Page 85 and 86: 3.4.3. Destructive vs. Non-destruct
Page 87 and 88: Gavrichkova O., Kuzyakov Y., 2008.
Page 90 and 91: Chapter source: 90 4. THE EFFCT OF
Page 92 and 93: Bardgett et al. (1997) showed that
Page 94 and 95: 94 Partitioning plots were installe
Page 96 and 97: Microbial C was calculated as a dif
Page 98 and 99: taken from 1 µg N-NO2 ml -1 soluti
Page 100 and 101: ates between clipped and unclipped
Page 102 and 103: Fig. 7 Total (Rs), root (Ra)- and m
Page 104 and 105: 104 Rh, (CO 2 , mmolm -2 s -1 ) 7 6
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 11 Cumulative microbial respir
Page 108 and 109: 108 After the calculation of synthe
Page 112 and 113: an annual mowing the measurement wa
Page 114 and 115: mineral N available to plants and N
Page 116 and 117: Cambardella C.A., Elliott E.T., (19
Page 118 and 119: Rice C.W., Moorman T.B., Beare M, 1
Page 120 and 121: 120
Page 122 and 123: 5.1. Introduction 122 Nitrogen (N)
Page 124 and 125: specie, c) an additional aim was to
Page 126 and 127: 5.2.4. Sampling and analyses 126 Na
Page 128 and 129: the differences between N and contr
Page 130 and 131: 130 specific root respiration (max
Page 132 and 133: Fig. 4 a) Intensity of 14 CO2 efflu
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 6 a) values above zero: root-d
Page 136 and 137: 136 Zea mays: A clear diurnal dynam
Page 138 and 139: plants. The growth stage could cont
Page 140 and 141: nitrates. At temperatures of 15 - 2
Page 142 and 143: experiment could be responsible for
Page 144 and 145: Horwath W.R., Pretziger K.S., Paul,
Page 146 and 147: 146
Page 148 and 149: 148 6.1 . Introduction In studies o
Page 150 and 151: Regression analyses technique, whic
Page 152 and 153: 152 The respiratory response with g
Page 154 and 155: 154 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 85% 13%
Page 156 and 157: 6.3.2. 2008: Mesh- exclusion vs. re
Page 158 and 159: 6.4. Discussion 6.4.1. Mesh-exclusi
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introduction in a small soil sample
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component, expressing a total soil
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Kucera C.L., Kirkham D.R., 1971. So
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Acknowledgements This work was poss
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