HENOK MERHATSIDK 1.pdf - Addis Ababa University

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since contrabandists are illegal and they do not pay tax, contraband reduce the income of export revenue of the government, mainly because of goods transferred through border by illegal traders, expired medicine and foods have access to pass through border unseen. Drugs and toxic chemicals will enter in to the territory of a state and inflict severe damage, illegal arms trade will be intensified and the peace and stability of the country will be at stake, e.g. the missile which was used by the Somali- terrorist groups against Israeli air liner was smuggled from Mogadishu arms market to Mombasa. The long lasting animosity or rivalry between pastoralist groups in Ethiopia and Kenya is exacerbated by this access to smuggled arms from Somalia (Ploch, 2010). The cross border meeting for Ethiopia Kenya raised the issue of contraband trade. The Kenyan country peace structure presented in 2-4 November 2009 identified illegal cross- border trade involving contraband and smuggling as one of the conflict issue in Ethio-Kenya border. The recommendations provided by participants were “establish custom offices at border points and regions: strength cross-border trade.” The Border areas of Ethiopia with Kenya are devoid of custom office and the absence of legal cross-border trade resulted in the expansion of contraband trade. The pastoralist communities of the two countries compete for resources and clash at certain points. Thus illegal trade is oiling the problems in the border areas of the two countries. Identifying the problem is the first step in discerning alternatives that are remedy for it. Therefore, the cross- border committees of Ethiopia and Kenya that comprised of many stake holders: The Ethiopian government higher officials, Kenyan government higher officials, IGAD officials, regional authorities in Kenyan side, regional authorities of Ethiopia, local community representatives arriving at solutions for the problem of illegal cross-border trade what remains is the implementation part (IGAD, 2009:11-13). The issue of contraband trade is one of challenging issue in Northern Kenya and southern part of Ethiopia. The two countries are committed to redress this issue by promoting the participation of the local communities in both sides. Frequent visits and meetings by high profile politicians of Ethiopia and Kenya to the border areas helped them to establish smooth relations with the local communities and they are closely working to reduce the illegal trade 46
y encouraging cross-border trade, and establishment of custom offices at the border areas. 8 The study has tried to show the impact of contraband trade in undermining the economic interest of Ethiopia and Kenya. This illegal trade has various negative roles in the security relations of the two countries. Aware of the severity of the problem the two countries are working together to eliminate this parasitic institution. 4.3.3. Cattle Rustling Another common issue of conflict in the border areas of Ethiopia and Kenya is cattle rustling. This practice is known in many areas that are occupied by pastoralist societies. Wasara,Samson has identified pastoralist groups that are involved in cattle rustling in the Horn of Africa his data is relevant for our discussion. Armed cattle rustling in and around the Horn of Africa: State Clusters Targeted Areas of Raids Ethiopia Korom Nyangatom Kenya Marakwet Turkana Sabiny Sudan Boya Didinga Toposa Morle Uganda Karamajong Dodoth Jie (Source: Wasara, 2002 cited in Bruk (2010:10) North-Eastern Kenya South-Eastern Sudan North-Eastern Uganda Southern Ethiopia South-Eastern Sudan Northern Kenya North-Eastern Kenya North-Eastern Uganda Southern Ethiopia Northern Kenya South-Eastern Sudan North-Eastern Kenya Kenyan Rift valley 8 Interview with Machani Nathan, First Secretary of Kenyan Mission in Ethiopia on Thursday 15/11/2010. 47
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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GR
Page 3 and 4: ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GR
Page 5 and 6: 4.3.1 The Issue of Ogaden .........
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgement I would like to tha
Page 9 and 10: 1.1 Background of the Study CHAPTER
Page 11 and 12: irrigation, water resources and ene
Page 13 and 14: two states. This study looks into t
Page 15 and 16: the above-mentioned security proble
Page 17 and 18: Politics is governed by objective l
Page 19 and 20: Above all the neo -realist percepti
Page 21 and 22: of the other.” This means that, o
Page 23 and 24: the UN in 1945 has contributed to a
Page 25 and 26: The establishment of international
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER THREE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Page 29 and 30: Nations because, it failed to prote
Page 31 and 32: 1998:7). Historically the greater H
Page 33 and 34: Ethiopia and, at least, Ethiopia ha
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER FOUR CHALLENGES IN ETHIO-KE
Page 37 and 38: Liberation Front). Besides, series
Page 39 and 40: The year 2006 witnessed the interve
Page 41 and 42: 4.1.2. Terrorist threat in Kenya Ke
Page 43 and 44: and Tanzania is the worst case in w
Page 45 and 46: Some 280,000 registered Somali refu
Page 47 and 48: from their towns mainly have a moti
Page 49 and 50: The involvement of IGAD in enhancin
Page 51 and 52: officials, it was fighting with EPR
Page 53: The information gathered from diffe
Page 57 and 58: two governments to reduce cattle ru
Page 59 and 60: process? This is simply due to the
Page 61 and 62: To sum up, Ethiopia and Kenya have
Page 63 and 64: accelerating the Sudanese peace pro
Page 65 and 66: incidents occurred by the terrorist
Page 67 and 68: terrorist groups. As we have seen i
Page 69 and 70: Ethiopian forces. However, the Ethi
Page 71 and 72: esources. They have also agreed to
Page 73 and 74: 5.6. The Use of Port Ethiopian rule
Page 75 and 76: Lamo port is constructed by the Ken
Page 77 and 78: distribution of this natural resour
Page 79 and 80: counterpart have common understandi
Page 81 and 82: CHAPTER SIX SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Page 83 and 84: Somalia. This entails the frustrati
Page 85 and 86: government. Access to sea ports is
Page 87 and 88: Berouk,Mesin(2010). ‘The Horn of
Page 89 and 90: Kopstein,Jeffrey and Lichbach Mark(
Page 91 and 92: Schlee,Gunther(2003). ‘Redrawing
Page 93 and 94: Fortune (2009). ‘speech of Alemay
Page 95 and 96: Appendix (1): list of key informant
Page 97 and 98: Appendix (3) Interview Guideline Qu
Page 99 and 100: Appendix (5) Interview Guideline Qu
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HENOK MERHATSIDK 1.pdf - Addis Ababa University

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