Geology of the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex - Geology Ontario ...

THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT
Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the
terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”)
have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use.
Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and
Forestry (MNDMF) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion
expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of
government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the
Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the
accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDMF does not guarantee, or make any
warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDMF is not
responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the
Content. MNDMF assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever.
Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDMF.
Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDMF neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility
for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked
Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were
created or maintained (the “Owner”). Both your use of a linked Web site, and your right to use or reproduce
information or materials from a linked Web site, are subject to the terms of use governing that particular Web
site. Any comments or inquiries regarding a linked Web site must be directed to its Owner.
Copyright: Canadian and international intellectual property laws protect the Content. Unless otherwise
indicated, copyright is held by the Queen’s Printer for Ontario.
It is recommended that reference to the Content be made in the following form:
Sage, R.P. 1983. Geology of the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File
Report 5399, 66p.
Use and Reproduction of Content: The Content may be used and reproduced only in accordance with
applicable intellectual property laws. Non-commercial use of unsubstantial excerpts of the Content is
permitted provided that appropriate credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. Any substantial
reproduction of the Content or any commercial use of all or part of the Content is prohibited without the prior
written permission of MNDMF. Substantial reproduction includes the reproduction of any illustration or figure,
such as, but not limited to graphs, charts and maps. Commercial use includes commercial distribution of the
Content, the reproduction of multiple copies of the Content for any purpose whether or not commercial, use
of the Content in commercial publications, and the creation of value-added products using the Content.
Contact:
FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION ON
The Reproduction of
Content
The Purchase of
MNDMF Publications
PLEASE CONTACT: BY TELEPHONE: BY E-MAIL:
MNDMF Publication
Services
MNDMF Publication
Sales
Local: (705) 670-5691
Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext.
5691 (inside Canada,
United States)
Local: (705) 670-5691
Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext.
5691 (inside Canada,
United States)
Crown Copyright Queen’s Printer Local: (416) 326-2678
Toll Free: 1-800-668-9938
(inside Canada,
United States)
pubsales.ndm@ontario.ca
pubsales.ndm@ontario.ca
copyright@gov.on.ca

Ontario Geological Survey
Open File Report 5399
Geology of the Carb Lake
Carbonatite Complex
1983

©OMNR-OGS 1983
Ministry of
Natural
Hon. Alan W. Pope
Minister
W. T. Foster
V y Resources Deputy Minister
Ontario
ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Open File Report 5399
Geology of the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex
by
R.P. Sage
1983
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit
is given. It is recommended that reference to
this report be made in the following form:
Sage, R.P.
1983: Geology of the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex,
Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report
5399, 66p., 2 tables, 2 figures and I map.
in back pocket.
i

Ontario Geological Survey
OPEN FILE REPORT
Open file reports are made available to the public subject to the following conditions:
This report is unedited. Discrepancies may occur for which the Ontario Geological Survey does
not assume liability. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed are those of the author or
authors and are not to be construed as statements of government policy.
Open file copies may be read at the following locations:
Mines Library
Ontario Ministy of Natural Resources
8th Floor, 77 Grenville Street, Toronto
The office of the Regional or Resident Geologist in whose district the area covered by
this report is located.
Handwritten notes and sketches may be made from this report. Check with the Library or Region­
al or Resident Geologist's office as to whether there is a copy of this report that may be borrowed.
The Library or Regional or Resident Geologist's office will also give you information on copying ar­
rangements. A copy of this report is available for Inter-Library Loan.
This report is on file in the Regional or Resident Geologists' office(s) located at:
P.O. Box 860
Red Lake, Ontario
POV 2M0
The right to reproduce this report is reserved by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.
Permission for other reproductions must be obtained in writing from the Director, Ontario Geological
Survey.
E.G. Pye, Director
Ontario Geological Survey

Foreword
As part of the alkalic rock-carbonatite study
begun in 19 74 the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex was
examined. The study describes the rock types and
mineralogy of the complex and outlines the history
of the mineral exploration efforts within the complex.
E.G. Pye
Director
Ontario Geological Survey.
v

CONTENTS
Abstract xi
Introduction 1
Acknowledgements 2
Location and Access 2
Field Methods 2
Previous Geological Work 2
Physiography 2
Laboratory Technique 3
Nomenclature 3
General Geology 4
Early Precambrian 5
vii
Page
Gneissic Granitic Rocks 5
Middle Precambrian 6
Sovite and Silicocarbonatite (Units 2a, 2b) 6
Petrology 10
Metamorphism H
Structural Geology 11
Regional Setting H
Local Structure 12
Recommendation for Future Study 12
Economic Geology 12
Property Descriptions 13
Recommendations to the Prospector 13

TABLES
Table of Lithologic Units for the Carb Lake Carbon-
atite Complex
,X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Minerals Found in Vugs
of the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex
FIGURES
Location Map for the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex
Scale 1:63,360
Aeromagnetic Map of the Carb Lake Carbonatite Compl
ODM-GSC 1967 a, b, c, d
MAPS(in back pocket)
P. 2238 -"Carb" Lake Carbonatite Complex
ix

ABSTRACT
Figure 1. Key Map of the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex
The Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex occurs in the Kenyon
structural zone of the Superior province of the Canadian shield.
The carbonatite was likely emplaced along northwest-trending fault
structures, however geological and geophysical data to support this
interpretation are lacking.
The complex consists of sovite and silicocarbonatite with minor
narrow bands rich in magnetite. Vugs are common in the core, and
the surface of the complex may have been leached.
xi

The complex has been dated by K-Ar isotopic techniques as being
1,826 ± 97 my.
Exploration of the complex has been very limited, but it has
disclosed high concentrations of rare earths and some anomalous
niobium values. A radioactive dispersion halo extends southwest
from the complex. The intrusion is relatively untested and should
be examined for both residual and primary mineral accumulations
typical of carbonatite intrusions.
xii

GEOLOGY OF THE
CARB LAKE CARBONATITE COMPLEX
R.P. Sage 1
1982
INTRODUCTION
-1-
The Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex is the most northerly located
carbonatite in Ontario which has been tested for its mineral content
and confirmed to be a carbonatite intrusion. Some aeromagnetic
anomalies caused by rocks lying beneath the younger rocks of the
Hudson Bay lowlands lying north of Carb Lake could be interpreted as
being possibly due to covered carbonatite intrusions (ODM-GSC,
1970a,b).
As part of the alkalic rock-carbonatite program, diamond drill
core at the drill site on the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex was
recovered from the bush and samples collected during operation
Lingman Lake (Bennett et al. 1969) re-examined. The complex is
known to contain niobium and rare earths (Bennett et al. 1969). A
radiometric anomaly is coincident with the airborne magnetic anomaly
but slightly displaced to the southwest in the direction of glacial
transport (Ferguson 1971). Testing of the complex has indicated
sovite and silicocarbonatite with local magnetite-rich accumula­
tions. The complex warrants examination for niobium, rare earths,
uranium and apatite.
Geologist, Precambrian Geology Section, Ontario Geological Survey,
Toronto. Approved for publication by the Chief Geologist,
March |tj, 1982.
Manuscript approved for publication by John Wood, Section Chief,
Precambrian Section, June 10, 1983.
This report is published by permission of E.G. Pye, Director,
Ontario Geological Survey.

Acknowledgements
-2-
The author was assisted by Mr. W. Wright, senior geological
assistant, in recovering core remaining in the bush. Aircraft for
the project was chartered from Severn Enterprises Ltd., Pickle Lake.
Location and Access
The Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex is the most northerly located
carbonatite complex in Ontario (Figure 1). The intrusion is located
at approximately 54°46'N Latitude and 92°01'W Longitude, 10 km from
the Ontario-Manitoba border. The complex lies 384 km west-northwest
of Pickle Lake or 422 km north-northeast of Red Lake (Figure 1).
The complex is accessible only by float-equipped aircraft to either
Camp Lake (local name) on the northern edge of the complex or to
Carb Lake (local name) in the centre.
Field Methods
The complex lacks surface exposure and thus field mapping is
impossible. Airphotos of the area were obtained from the National
Airphoto Library, Ottawa. The map was prepared on blank cronoflex
using airphoto interpretation for surface features, and the files
from the Assessment Research Library for exploration and drill hole
data.
Previous Geological Work
The only written description of the geology of the complex is
that of Bennett et al. (1969). Ferguson (1971) gives a brief synop­
sis of the complex.
Physiography
The topography is low and undulating and mostly swampy.
Outcrop is not known to exist on the complex. Eskers are present

-3-
east of the complex and their southwest to south trend can be easily
seen on airphotos of the area.
The intrusion has a surface area of approximately 8.0 km 2
,
estimated on the basis of a strong circular aeromagnetic anomaly
(Figure 2) which is well illustrated on ODM-GSC aeromagnetic maps
(ODM-GSC 3684, 3692, 3685 and 3693).
Laboratory Technique
Thin sections were prepared from core samples. A select group
of samples representing homogeneous, equigranular phases of the body
were analyzed for major and minor elements. Samples containing vugs
were neither thin sectioned nor analyzed. All analyzed samples had
their surface layer removed by a grinding wheel to remove the
effects of weathering since the core has lain in the bush for
approximately 10 years. X-ray diffraction studies were completed on
minerals lining the cavities found within the core.
Nomenclature
The various lithologic units of alkalic rock carbonatite com­
plexes within Ontario were originally defined by Parsons (1961).
The author has used a somewhat different nomenclature than
Parson's. For the alkalic rocks, the author prefers to use minero-
logical, colour, or textural modifiers which are familiar to all
readers rather than unfamiliar rock names. Alkalic rock nomencla­
ture is cumbersome, due in large part to the profusion of rock
names, consequently as an aid to the reader, the use of less
familiar rock names will be avoided. Those rock terms retained by
the author for the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex and how they are
used are given below.

-4-
Sovite. A rock composed of 50 percent or more calcite.
Various mineralogic modifiers are used to
classify the sovite.
Siliciocarbonatite. A carbonatite rich rock composed of 50 percent
or more oxide and silicate minerals. Where the
silicate mineralogy exceeds 90 percent various
other rock names are applied, i.e.: ijolite,
biotite, pyroxenite, etc.
The definitions of sovite and siliciocarbonatite are modified
from Heinrich (1966, p.12). The author has found Heinrich's subdiv­
ision of the carbonate-rich carbonatite rocks generally suitable for
field use upon modification to a two-fold subdivision at about 50
percent oxide and silicate mineral content. The two-fold subdivi­
sion is more convenient than the four-fold subdivision of Heinrich
(1966) because carbonatites are extremely variable in mineral
content over distances of less than a few centimetres. It is diffi­
cult to rigorously classify such rocks.
GENERAL GEOLOGY
The Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex lies within the Kenyon struc­
tural zone of the Superior Province. This structural zone is
characterized geophysically by a strong linear, west-northwest
trending aeromagnetic pattern (ODM-OSC 1970). Mapping by Bennett
and Riley (1967) and Riley and Davies (1967 a,b) indicated that
Early Precambrian felsic intrusive rocks outcrop east of the Carb
Lake Carbonatite Complex.
The core from holes 3 and 4 of Big Nama Creek Mines Limited and
Larandona Mines Limited were examined by the author. They are
composed dominantly of pink to grey-white sovite containing minor
amounts of biotite, magnetite and biotite-phlogopite. The core
contains minor zones (up to 1-2 m) of silicocarbonatite and biotite

-5-
(greater than 90 percent biotite with minor magnetite). Thin zones,
less than 0.3 m wide, of nearly pure magnetite are locally present.
The carbonatite is well banded at 30-45 degrees to the core axis,
and all rock types: sovite, silicocarbonatite, biotite, and
magnetite, are so intimately mixed that pure samples of any one type
greater than 15 cm long are difficult to obtain. The silico­
carbonatite and biotitite often contain numerous, nearly pure,
carbonate segregations or veins which impart a brecciated appearance
to the core. Several thin (less than 2 mm wide) seams of fibrous
blue-green amphibole were noted.
The core is unusual in that it is very vuggy. The vugs are
roughly elongated parallel to the banding, in places exceed 1 cm in
diameter, and are lined with pyrite, fluorite, and euhedral carbo­
nate crystals. Some of the vugs appear to follow fractures and may
have been formed near-surface by solution-deposition, i.e. they are
secondary phenomena rather than miarolitic cavities. Vugs were
noted in the core to the deepest depths penetrated by drilling.
K. Bell and D. Watkinson of Carleton University (1972,
unpublished data) reported K-Ar isotopic ages of 1822+96 m.y. and
1826*97 m.y. on biotite samples taken from diamond drill core.
Table I lists the lithologic units found at the Carb Lake
Carbonatite Complex.
EARLY PRECAMBRIAN
Gneissic Granitic Rocks
Mapping by Riley and Davies (1967b) has indicated that the
closest outcroppings to the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex lie along
the Echoing River 3.2 km southeast of the complex and along the

-6-
shore of an unnamed lake 6.4 km northeast of the complex. These
outcrops are indicated to be hybrid granite and granitic gneiss,
(Riley and Davies, 1967b). The author made no attempt to visit
these outcrops.
MIDDLE PRECAMBRIAN
The Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex is one of several Middle
Precambrian carbonatite intrusions in Ontario. Other Middle Precam­
brian complexes are Spanish River, Argor, Goldray, and Cargill
Township (Sage, in prep.).
In thin section, rocks classified as sovite and silicocarbon-
atite are gradational into each other and display identical
mineralogy and petrographic features. Consequently, petrographic
descriptions of these two rock units are combined into one for
simplification.
Sovite and Silicocarbonatite (Units 2a, 2b)
The core is banded and commonly displays well developed vugs
lined with euhedral crystals. X-ray diffraction studies of the
crystals within the vugs was undertaken by Mr. W. Hicks, Mineral
Research Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.
The results of the X-ray studies are tabulated in Table 2.
Fluorite in pale purple cubic crystals up to 2 mm on an edge
were noted in several vugs but their presence was not confirmed by
X-ray diffraction techniques.
Neither X-ray diffraction studies or petrographic examination
confirmed the presence of the rare earth bearing carbonates
Synchysite (Ce, La, Ca) FCO3 and Ancylite (Ce, La)4 (Sr, Ca)3
( c o
3)7(OH)43H2O previously identified by X-ray diffraction and

-7-
reported by Bennett et al. ( 1969). The spectrographs analysis
reported by Bennett et al. (1969) confirmed the presence of very
high concentrations of rare earth elements in some samples.
follows:
Bennett et al. (1969) described the rare earth carbonates as
The vugs appear elongated parallel to the banding in the core
and thus are mineralogically and/or structurally controlled. The
mineralogy of the vugs is not diagnostic as to whether the vugs are
primary or the result of leaching by surface waters. With the
exception of magnetite, phlogopite, pyrrhotite, and amphibole, the
minerals found are not uncommon in limestone formations which have
been subjected to circulating ground waters. With respect to the
four minerals listed above, close examination of the vugs leads one
to believe that their presence in the vugs results from leaching
away the enclosing carbonate leaving the crystals projecting into
the cavities. The author tentatively interprets the cavities as
resulting from solution by circulating ground waters. This
interpretation places severe restrictions on sampling of the core
for thin section and chemical analysis.
In thin section the rocks display a fine-to-medium-grained,
massive, hypidiomorphic to allotriomorphic with straight to curved
grain boundaries texture. Modally the rock is estimated to contain
0 to 30 percent amphibole, 0 to 75 percent biotite-phlogopite, trace
to 60 percent magnetite, 0 to 30 percent apatite, and 10 to 100
percent carbonate. Pyrochlore, garnet, fluorite, chlorite, albite,
pyrrhotite, fluorite, nepheline and zircon are present in one or
more thin sections.

-8-
The amphibole occurs as needle-like acicular crystals that are
euhedral in form. The crystals have a pale green pleochroism and
the larger grains may have a nonpleochroic core implying composi­
tional zonation. The crystals may be richterite, a sodium bearing
amphibole. On occasion the amphibole occurs as clots made up of
very fine-grained needle-like crystals. Sections cut normal to the
long axis of the crystal may on occasion display a twin plane.
The mica is classified as biotite-phlogopite with biotite being
dominant. The crystals vary from euhedral tabular grains to irre­
gular ragged grains. The smaller grains are pleochroic in red-brown
and optically identified as biotite. Uncommon in the small grains
and very common in the larger grains is the development of a pale-
yellow-brown core and dark red-brown rim. These grains are
interpreted to have a phlogopite core and biotite rim. This
pronounced zoning has been observed by the author in other Middle
Precambrian carbonatites of Ontario; for example, Cargill Township
and Spanish River. The indented, ragged edges, which sometimes have
worm-eaten apperance, commonly found on the larger grains, are
suggestive that the compositional zonation of the mineral may be due
to, at least in part, the result of reaction of the mineral with the
carbonatite melt.
The mica is penetrated by amphibole crystals and in one thin
section small poikilitically enclosed grains (probably zircon) with
dark radioactive bombardment haloes were noted. One thin section
displays fine-grained dusty magnetite within some of the biotite
crystals and biotite uncommonly occurs as fine-grained aggregates.
Bending of the (001) cleavage is present in some thin sections but

-9-
kinking is essentially absent. This observation suggests that the
Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex is relatively undeformed when compared
with the Cargill Township and Spanish River complexes where deforma­
tion of the mica is locally extensive (Sage, unpublished data).
Biotite has been noted to occur along the margins of and inter­
lock with, some magnetite grains, and in several instances it
appears to poikilitically enclose rounded polycrystalline blebs of
carbonate. Rarely does the biotite enclose an apatite grain.
Magnetite is common as disseminated anhedral to sharply euhe­
dral grains. Larger grains of magnetite on occasion contain rounded
polycrystalline blebs of carbonatite. Small red-brown grains of
biotite may also be present within these carbonate blebs.
Apatite forms anhedral to subhedral grains, round to round-
elongate in outline. The apatite uncommonly occurs as round to
subangular polycrystalline aggregates. The apatite generally occurs
scattered throughout any given thin section.
The carbonate occurs as an interlocking mozaic of anhedral
grains. Even though the presence of yellow-brown and white weather­
ing of areas within the core indicates that two carbonate phases are
present, the two phases cannot generally be separated in thin
section. If two carbonates are observed, one carbonate is turbid in
appearance from dust-like inclusions and the other is clear. The
turbid carbonate is likely a ferruginous dolomite and the clear
carbonate may be a calcite. From the appearance of the weathered
core, dolomite and calcite are thought to be rather intimately
mixed. It is estimated that the weathered core has at least a local
concentration of 30 to 40 percent ferruginous dolomite.

-10-
Th e interlocking mozaic of grains has curved to lobate grain
boundaries.
In one thin section several carbonate grains contain nepheline
(?) cores with which the carbonate magma likely reacted.
Garnet with a dark brown core and narrow pale brown rim is
present in one thin section. The garnet is anhedral to subhedral in
form and likely reacted with the carbonatite magma to form the
narrow pale brown rim.
Fluorite is present in several thin sections. The mineral is
anhedral and appears interstitial to intergranular with the carbo­
nate. The fluorite appears to be late within the paragenetic
sequence and may partially enclose some carbonate grains.
sections.
Traces of anhedral pyrrhotite are present in some thin
Pyrochlore is not common but does occur in a number of thin
sections. The mineral is euhedral, strongly zoned with alternating
concentric dark brown to very pale-brown zones. The mineral occurs
as isolated grains in the carbonate and more rarely along the
margins of magnetite grains. The mineral rarely approaches or
exceeds an estimated one percent.
PETROLOGY
A very limited but select group of core samples from the Carb
Lake intrusion were submitted for complete rock analysis. The core
samples are the most homogeneous sections of the core available, and
vuggy core was not analyzed. The samples are essentially from only
two of four holes drilled and cannot be considered representative of
the complex. The reader should note the unusually high rare earth

-11-
element content of several of the samples.
Carbonatites are likely the product of liquid immiscibility and
therefore use of the chemical data for postulating chemical trends
within carbonatite melts is not advisable (Nash, 1972; Hamilton et
al., 1979; LeBas and Handley, 1979; and Freestone and Hamilton,
1980).
The carbonatite is considered to be a residuum with the alka­
lies in the original melt lost to the wall rocks during the process
of fenitization. The limited chemical data has been statistically
analyzed by the methods of Nie (1975) and alkalic rock norms calcul­
ated by the techniques of LeBas (1973). These data appear in the
appendix of this report and should be used for comparative purposes
only.
METAMORPHISM
The Carb Lake intrusion lacks textural evidence of metamor-
phism. The reaction rims on the biotite-phlogopite are interpreted
by the author as resulting from magmatic processes and thus are not
the result of an independent metamorphic event.
The lack of deformation textures within the micas at the Carb
Lake Carbonatite Complex in contrast with those found within the
Cargill Township and Spanish River Carbonatite Complexes of similar
age implies that deformation-recrystallization has been negligible.
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
Regional Setting
The Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex is located in the Kenyon
structural zone of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield.
The lack of outcrop within the proximity of the complex makes

-12-
structural interpretation difficult. A regional aeromagnetic map
(ODM-GSC 1970a) of the area suggests that the intrusion may be
located along a northwest-trending lineament.
Local Structure
Mineralogic banding in the core drilled at a 50 degree plunge,
varies from 30 to 50 degrees to the core axis, and indicates that
the banding in the intrusion is vertical or nearly vertical.
The banding is a function of rapidly varying ratios of the
various mineral components.
Vugs up to 1 cm in diameter within the carbonatite display a
tendency to be elongated parallel to the banding. Leaching of the
carbonatite to form these vugs is thus controlled by its mineralog-
ical banding.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE STUDY
Microprobe analysis of the various mineral components is
desirable and additional optical work with a universal stage is also
recommended. The age of the complex warrants checking by another
isotopic technique to confirm the Middle Precambrian age. More
detailed studies will await additional exploratory work on the
complex to supply additional sample material.
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
The complex is know to contain niobium and rare earth elements
(Bennett et al. 1969). A fan-shaped radioactive dispersion halo
extends south from the complex parallel to the direction of ice
movement (Ferguson 1971). Leaching of the carbonatite suggests that
residual deposits containing apatite, pyrochlore, vermiculite and
rare earth elements may be present.

PROPERTY DESCRIPTIONS
Big Nama Creek Mines Ltd. (1968)
-13-
In 1968, Big Nama Creek Mines Limited and Larandona Mines
Limited staked the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex, completed a
magnetometer survey, and drilled four diamond drill holes totalling
555 m (1,849 feet) 2
. The company also completed airborne magnetic
and radiometric surveys (D.A. Seeber, Northgate Exploration Limited,
personal communication 1971).
International Minerals and Chemical Corp. (1975)
In 1975 the International Minerals and Chemical Corporation
staked the complex as a prospect for residual apatite. The company
completed no work on the body and the claims have been allowed to
lapse.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE PROSPECTOR
Testing for niobium by Big Nama Creek Mines Ltd. and Larandona
Mines Limited was confined to magnetic anomalies and thus the
niobium potential of the intrusion remains wide-open. The complex
is known to be radioactive and also contains rare earth elements,
neither commodity has yet been investigated for its economic poten­
tial.
Drilling by Big Nama Creek Mines Ltd. encountered bedrock at
6.6 to 12.0 m, however, the vuggy nature of the core suggests exten­
sive leaching. Prospecting to locate depressions or solution
cavities where residual accumulations of minerals may occur within
Assessment Research Library, Ontario Division of Mines, Ministry
of Natural Resources.

-14-
the complex is warranted. Such cavities may contain accumulations
of apatite, vermiculite, pyrochlore (niobium) and rare earth
elements.
Economic evaluation of the complex is difficult because of the
limited data base. However, for those interested in carbonatite-
type mineralization the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex would appear
to offer a good and largely untested exploration target.

Bennett, G. and Riley, R.A.
-15-
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1969: Operation Lingman Lake, District of Kenora (Patricia
Ferguson, S.
Portion); Ontario Dept. Mines, MP.27, 52p.
1971: Columbium (Niobium) Deposits of Ontario, Ontario Dept. Mines
and Northern Affairs, Mineral Resources Circular 14,
p.35-36.
Heinrich, E.Wm.
1966: The Geology of Carbonatites; Rand McNally and Co. Chicago,
ODM-GSC
555p.
1967a: Ellard Lake, Ont. Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Canada,
ODM-GSC
Aeromagnetic map 3692G, scale 1:63,360.
1967b: Kenora and Winnipeg Mining Districts, Ontario-Manitoba;
ODM-GSC
Ont. Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Canada, Aeromagnetic map
3685G, scale 1:63,360.
1967c: Rieder Lake, Ont. Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Canada,

ODM-GSC
-16-
1967d: Ney Lake, Ont. Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Canada, Aeromagnetic
ODM-GSC
map 3684G, scale 1:63,300.
1970a: Sachigo River, Ont. Dept. Mines and Geol. Surv. Canada,
ODM-GSC
Aeromagnetic compilation P.575, scale 1:1,013,760.
1970b: Ekwan River, Ont. Dept. Mines and Geol. Surv. Canada,
Pecora, W.T.
Aeromagnetic map 3693G; scale 1:63,360.
Aeromagnetic compilation P.575, scale 1:1,013,760.
1956: Carbonatites: a review; Bulletin, Geological Society of
America, 1956, V.67, No. 11. p.1537-1556.
Riley, R.A. and Davis, J.C.
1967: Stull Lake Sheet, Operation Lingman Lake, District of Kenora
(Patricia Portion), Ontario Dept. Mines, Map P.426, Geol.
Ser., scale 1:126,720.
1967b: Swan Lake Sheet, Operation Lingman Lake, District of Kenora
(Patricia Portion), Ontario Dept. Mines, Map P.427, Geol.
Ser., scale 1:126,720.

von Eckermann, H.
-17-
1948: The alkaline district of Alno Island; Sveriyes Geologiska
Undersonkning, Ser. Ca. N.36, Sweden, 176p.

REFERENCES
Freestone, I.C. and Hamilton, D.L.; 1980, The role of liquid
immiscibility in the genesis of Carbonatites-An experimental
study; Ontario Mineral and Petrol, v.73, p.105-117.
Hamilton, D.L., Freestone, I.E., Dawson, J.B., and Donaldson,
C.H.; 1979, Origin of carbonatites by liquid immiscibility;
Nature v.279, p.52-54.
LeBas, M.J.; 1973, A Norm for Feldspathoidal and Melilitic
igneous rocks; Jour. Geol. v.81, n.1, p.89-96.
LeBas, M.J. and Handley, CD.; 1979, Variation in apatite
composition in ijolitic and carbonatitic igneous rocks; Nature
v.279, p.54-56.
Nash, W.P.; 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron Hill
Carbonatite Complex, Colorado; Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull v.83,
p.1361-1382.
Nie, N.H., Hadlaihull, C, Jenkins, J.G., Steinbrenner, K., and
Bent, D.H.; 1975, Statistical package for the social sciences;
2nd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 675p.

-19-
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bennett, G. and Riley, R.A.
1969: Operation Lingman Lake, District of Kenora (Patricia
Portion); Ontario Dept. Mines, MP.27, 52p.
Ferguson, S.
1971: Columbium (Niobium) Deposits of Ontario, Ontario Dept. Mines
and Northern Affairs, Mineral Resources Circular 14,
p.35-36.
Heinrich, E.Wm.
1966: The Geology of Carbonatites; Rand McNally and Co. Chicago,
555p.
ODM-GSC
1967a: Ellard Lake, Ont. Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Canada,
Aeromagnetic map 3692G, scale 1:63,360.
ODM-GSC
1967b: Kenora and Winnipeg Mining Districts, Ontario-Manitoba;
Ont. Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Canada, Aeromagnetic map
3685G, scale 1:63,360.
ODM-GSC
1967c: Rieder Lake, Ont. Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Canada,
Aeromagnetic map 3693G; scale 1:63,360.
ODM-GSC
1967d: Ney Lake, Ont. Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv. Canada, Aeromagnetic
map 3684G, scale 1:63,360.
ODM-GSC
1970a: Sachigo River, Ont. Dept. Mines and Geol. Surv. Canada,
Aeromagnetic compilation P.575, scale 1:1,013,760.
ODM-GSC
1970b: Ekwan River, Ont. Dept. Mines and Geol. Surv. Canada,
Aeromagnetic compilation P.575, scale 1:1,013,760.
Pecora, W.T.
1956: Carbonatites: a review; Bulletin, Geological Society of
America, 1956, V.67, No. 11. p.1537-1556.
Riley, R.A. and Davis, J.C.
1967: Stull Lake Sheet, Operation Lingman Lake, District of Kenora
(Patricia Portion), Ontario Dept. Mines, Map P.426, Geol.
Ser., scale 1:126,720.
1967b: Swan Lake Sheet, Operation Lingman Lake, District of Kenora
(Patricia Portion), Ontario Dept. Mines, Map P.427, Geol.
Ser., scale 1:126,720.

-20-
von Eckermann, H.
1948: The alkaline district of Alno Island; Sveriyes Geologiska
Undersonkning, Ser. Ca. N.36, Sweden, 176p.

-21-
REFERENCES
Freestone, I.C and Hamilton, D.L.; 1980, The role of liquid
immiscibility in the genesis of Carbonatites-An experimental
study; Ontario Mineral and Petrol, v.73, p.105-117.
Hamilton, D.L., Freestone, I.E., Dawson, J.B., and Donaldson,
C.H.; 1979, Origin of carbonatites by liquid immiscibility;
Nature v.279, p.52-54.
LeBas, M.J.; 1973, A Norm for Feldspathoidal and Melilitic
igneous rocks; Jour. Geol. v.81, n.1, p.89-96.
LeBas, M.J. and Handley, CD.; 1979, Variation in apatite
composition in ijolitic and carbonatitic igneous rocks; Nature
v.279, p.54-56.
Nash, W.P.; 1972, Mineralogy and Petrology of the Iron Hill
Carbonatite Complex, Colorado; Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull v.83,
p.1361-1382.
Nie, N.H., Hadlaihull, C, Jenkins, J.G., Steinbrenner, K., and
Bent, D.H.; 1975, Statistical package for the social sciences;
2nd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 675p.

SAMPLES FOR COMPLETE ROCK
-22-
CHEMISTRY - CARB LAKE CARBONATITE
Sample No. Petrographic Description
1154 Fine to medium grained massive, equigranular,
hypidiomorphic. Pyrochlore forms euhedral
3-53-82B crystals brown in colour, strong concentric
zoning. Mineral occurs as isolated grains in
carbonate and along margins of magnetite
grains. Amphibole forms acicular needle-like
crystals. Magnetite forms anhedral to euhedral
grains disseminated throughout. Magnetite may
enclose rounded blebs of carbonate. Biotite
forms tabular reddish-brown grains isolated in
carbonate and along margins of some magnetite
grains. Carbonate forms an interlocking mozaic
of grains. Sample cut by carbonate-amphibole
zone. Analyzed sample homogenous equigranular
and magnetite rich.
Pyrochlore-bearing, biotite, amphibole,
magnetite sovite.
1155 Fine grained massive, equigranular, allotriomorphic
with curved grain boundaries. Traces of
3-53-82A pyrochlore as euhedral crystals; strongly
concentrically zoned. Biotite forms aggregates
of small grains between larger carbonate
? rains. Biotite content is minor. Carbonate
orms an interlocking mozaic of anhedral grains
with curved grain boundaries.
Biotite sovite.
1157 Fine grained massive, inequigranular-seriate,
hypidiomorphic. Biotite locally partially
3-82-107A encloses amphibole and one fractured grain
traversed by fine grain aggregate of amphibole.
Larger grains, have a bent (001) cleavage.
Larger grains ragged with pale brown phlogopite
core and dark reddish-brown rims. Amphibole
occurs as euhedral acicular crystals and as very
fine grained fibrous aggregates. Magnetite
forms subhedral to euhedral crystals. Larger
grains may contain rounded polycrystalline blebs
of carbonate. These inclusions may also contain
small grains of reddish-brown biotite.
Biotite, amphibole, magnetite, sovite.

-23-
Sample No. Petrographic Description
1158 Fine grained massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic.
Pyrochlore is rare as euhedral
3-107-135B grains. One large crystal in magnetite.
Magnetite forms anhedral to euhedral grains.
Biotite forms ragged, generally small reddishbrown
grains partially enclosing amphibole and
occurring along margins of magnetite. Larger
grains have brown cores and reddish brown rims.
Amphibole forms acicular fibrous aggregates and
long needle-like crystals. Apatite forms anhedral
interlocking aggregates of grains.
Carbonate is anhedral and forms an interlocking
mozaic of grains.
Apatite, biotite, amphibole, magnetite, sovite.
1159 Fine grained massive, equigranular, allotriomorphic
with curved grain boundaries. Apatite
3-107-135C forms anhedral to subhedral rounded and sometimes
elongate grains. Apatite somewhat
clustered into aggregates of grains in some
areas. Biotite forms fine grained aggregates
and isolated grains between carbonate grains.
Carbonate forms an interlocking mozaic of
anhedral grains with curved grain boundaries.
Biotite, apatite sovite.
1160 Fine grained massive, equigranular hypidiomorphic.
Apatite forms anhedral to subhedral
3-186-21 OB rounded to rounded-elongate grains. Magnetite
forms anhedral to euhedral crystals disseminated
throughout and weakly concentrated into bands.
Larger grains may enclose carbonate grains which
occasionally may also include a grain of biotite.
Biotite forms anhedral to subhedral
grains disseminated throughout. Cores of grains
are brown while rims are reddish-brown. Some
grains interdigitate with and partially enclose
carbonate. Carbonate forms an anhedral interlocking
mozaic of grains.
Apatite, magnetite, biotite sovite.
1161 Fine grained massive, equigranular, allotriomorphic
with curved to straight grain
3-186-210C boundaries. Apatite forms anhedral to subhedral
grains, rounded to rounded-elongate in shape.

-24-
Sample No. Petrographic Description
Biotite forms anhedral to subhedral ragged to
tabular grains. Larger grains have brown cores
and dark reddish-brown rims. Edges of some
grains appear worm eaten. Amphibole is present
as pale green acicular needles, sometimes
occurring as clusters of crystals. Crystals
euhedral. Carbonate forms an interlocking
mozaic of anhedral grains.
Amphibole, apatite, biotite sovite.
1162 Fine grained, equigranular, allotriomorphic with
curved to straight grain boundaries. Apatite
3-234-259A forms anhedral to euhedral grains rounded and
sometimes elongate in outline. Biotite forms
anhedral grains with ragged worm eaten grain
boundaries. Cores of crystals much lighter
brown than dark reddish-brown rims. Carbonate
forms an anhedral interlocking mozaic of grains.
Biotite, apatite sovite.
1163 Fine grained, massive, equigranular,
hypidiomorphic. Apatite forms rounded to
3-234-259B subangular anhedral grains, often elongate in
outline. Magnetite forms anhedral to subhedral
grains disseminated throughout. Amphibole forms
euhedral, acicular crystals. Pleochroism is
pale green. Some of the smaller crystals occur
in fibrous clusters. Biotite forms tabular to
irregular anhedral reddish-brown grains.
Apatite, magnetite, amphibole, biotite sovite.
1164 Fine grained, massive, equigranular,
hypidiomorphic. Minor apatite forms rounded to
3-285-312C rounded-elongate grains anhedral to subhedral in
form. Amphibole forms acicular euhedral
pleochroic pale green crystals; local areas with
very fine grained fibrous aggregates of
crystals. Biotite is tabular, anhedral to
subhedral brown mineral intergranular to
carbonate. Carbonate forms an anhedral
interlocking mozaic with curved grain
boundaries.
Apatite-bearing, biotite, amphibole, sovite.

-25-
Sample No. Petrographic Description
1165 Fine grained, massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic.
Magnetite is anhedral to subhedral in
3-312-337D form. May enclose rounded blebs of carbonate.
Biotite forms anhedral tabular to ragged grains
with a dark reddish-brown colour. Traces of
amphibole and apatite present.
Biotite, magnetite sovite.
1166 Fine grained, massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic.
Amphibole forms long needle-like
3-363-395A crystals with a pale green pleochroism.
Magnetite forms anhedral to euhedral grains and
is disseminated throughout. May enclose blebs
of carbonate and traces of biotite. Biotite
forms anhedral ragged grains interlocking with
and penetrated by amphibole crystals. Carbonate
forms anhedral grains in an interlocking mozaic.
Amphibole, magnetite, biotite silicocarbonatite.
1167 Fine grained, massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic.
Magnetite forms anhedral to euhedral
3-414-439B grains. May enclose blebs of carbonate. Traces
of euhedral pale brown pyrochlore in carbonate
and as small grains on margins of magnetite
grains. Amphibole forms euhedral needle-like
crystals with a pale green pleochroism. Biotite
forms anhedral irregular crystals commonly
interlocking with magnetite and partially enclosed
in magnetite. Larger grains have pale
brown cores and dark reddish-brown rims. Edges
of larger grains commonly ragged. Carbonate
forms an anhedral interlocking mozaic with other
minerals.
Biotite, amphibole, magnetite sovite.
1168 Fine grained, massive, equigranular hypidiomorphic.
Amphibole forms long acicular crystals
3-439-454B euhedral in outline. Magnetite forms euhedral
to anhedral disseminated grains. Biotite forms
anhedral to subhedral grains, some grains contain
small poikilitic magnetite inclusions.
Colour variation in pleochroism suggests crystals
zoned from brown core to reddish-brown
rims. Carbonate forms an interlocking mozaic of
anhedral grains.
Amphibole, magnetite, biotite silicocarbonatite.

-26-
Petrographic Description
Fine to medium, grained, massive, equigranular,
allotriomorphic with curved to straight grain
boundaries. Apatite forms subhedral, rounded
sometimes elongate grains. Grains are isolate
or occur as aggregates of many grains. Magnetite
is anhedral to subhedral, disseminated, and
may contain rounded blebs of carbonate.
Amphibole forms small fibrous aggregates and
clusters of grains. Biotite-phlogopite consists
of anhedral often ragged grains with light pale
brown cores (phlogopite) and dark reddish-brown
rims. Large grains may enclose carbonate
blebs. Carbonate forms a mozaic of interlocking
anhedral grains.
Biotite, amphibole, apatite, magnetite sovite.
Fine grained, massive, hypidiomorphic. Apatite
occurs as anhedral to subhedral grains, rounded
to rounded-elongate in outline. Apatite may
have a tendency to occur in clusters of grains.
Magnetite is anhedral to subhedral in form and
may enclose apatite and blebs of carbonate;
disseminated throughout. Biotite forms tabular
ragged grains; brown core with dark reddishbrown
rims. Edges appear ragged and worm
eaten. May partially enclose carbonate grains.
Amphibole forms acicular needle-like euhedral
crystals. Amphibole is pleochroic in pale blue
green. Carbonate forms an anhedral interlocking
mozaic of grains.
Apatite, magnetite, biotite, amphibole sovite.
Fine grained, massive, equigranular, hypiodiomorphic.
Amphibole forms long needle-like ,
euhedral, pleochroic pale green crystals.
Apatite forms rounded anhedral to roundedelongate
grains. Magnetite is anhedral to
subhedral and disseminated throughout. Minor
biotite has pale brown phlogopite cores and dark
reddish-brown rims. Carbonate forms an anhedral
interlocking mozaic of grains.
Biotite and magnetite-bearing, amphibole, apatite
sovite.

-27-
Petrographic Description
Fine grained massive, equigranular, allotriomorphic
with curved grained boundaries.
Amphibole forms very fine grained aggregates of
fibres. Carbonate occurs as anhedral interlocking
mozaic of grains. Biotite forms ragged
anhedral grains, sometimes tabular in outline;
larger grains have a pale brown core with dark
reddish-brown rims. May enclose apatite and
carbonate. Magnetite is anhedral to euhedral in
form and may enclose apatite and carbonate.
Apatite forms rounded to rounded-elongate crystals,
anhedral to subhedral in form.
Amphibole-bearing biotite, apatite, magnetite
sovite.
Fine grained massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic
with curved grain boundaries. Carbonate
forms an interlocking mozaic of anhedral
grains. Carbonate clear and fresh in appearance
.
Sovite.
Fine grained massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic.
Apatite forms anhedral to subhedral
rounded to rounded-elongate grains. Pyrochlore
rarely present as euhedral pale brown grains.
Biotite forms anhedral to euhedral ragged to
tabular grains with brown cores and darker
reddish-brown rims. Carbonate forms an interlocking
mozaic of anhedral grains.
Magnetite, apatite, biotite sovite.
Fine grained massive, inequigranular-seriate,
allotriomorphic with curved grain boundaries.
Amphibole may occur as several euhedral
colourless grains which under cross nicols
appears to be zoned due to variations in birefringence.
Biotite occurs as reddish-brown
small tabular grains which appear to be concentration
zones traversing the section, and which
may represent zoaes of crushing. Carbonatite
forms an interlocking mozaic of anhedral
grains. Zones of finer grained carbonate
traverse the section and may represent crushed
zones. Carbonate weathered to rusty

-28-
Sample No. Petrographic Description
brown in core box but in thin section no visual
difference between this carbonate and those that
did not weather to rusty brown.
Biotite sovite.
1176 Fine grained massive, equigranular, allotriomorphic
with curved to straight grain boun-
4-142-170A daries. Apatite forms rounded to roundedelongate
anhedral to subhedral grains. Apatite
often occurs as granular aggregates. Biotite
forms anhedral to euhedral grains with pale
brown cores and dark reddish-brown rim. May
also occur as clusters of small reddish-brown
grains. Traces of disseminated magnetite.
Biotite-bearing, apatite sovite.
1177 Fine grained massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic.
Biotite forms tabular to ragged grains
4-142-170B with pale brown phlogopitic (?) cores rimmed by
dark reddish-brown ragged biotite that has a
worm eaten appearance. On some grains pale
brown euhedral phlogopite-biotite has overgrown
the dark reddish-brown rim. Apatite forms
rounded anhedral grains often elongate in
nature. Carbonate forms an interlocking mozaic
of anhedral grains with curved grain boundaries.
Apatite-bearing, biotite sovite.
1178 Fine to coarse grained, massive, inequigranularseriate,
hypidiomorphic. Biotite forms small
4-313-441A tabular reddish-brown grains, interstitial to
amphibole grains and along margins of magnetite
grains. Magnetite forms anhedral to euhedral
grains disseminated throughout. Larger grains
may enclose rounded blebs of carbonate and some
grains contain small grains of biotite in
association with carbonate inclusions.
Amphibole forms acicular grains interlocking or
forming a crude mesh of grains. Carbonate is
anhedral forming an interlocking mozaic of
grains.
Biotite, amphibole, magnetite silicocarbonatite.

Sample No.
1 179
4-313-441B
1 180
4-341-369A
1181
4-395-420A
-29-
Petrographic Description
Fine grained massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic.
Apatite forms rounded anhedral grains
some of which are elongate in outline. Amphibole
forms elongate needle-like crystals, some
twining present. Magnetite forms anhedral
grains disseminated throughout. Biotite forms
ragged anhedral to subhedral grains; larger
grains zoned with pale brown cores to dark
reddish-brown rims. Carbonate forms subhedral
interlocking mozaic of grains.
Apatite, biotite, magnetite sovite.
Fine grained massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic.
Amphibole forms acicular needle-like
euhedral crystals. Crystals pleochroic in pale
green and larger crystals have colourless
cores. Magnetite is anhedral to subhedral,
disseminated throughout. Biotite forms
reddish-brown anhedral to euhedral crystals.
Smaller grains tend to be tabular. Larger
grains are ragged with pale brown phlogopite
core and reddish-brown rims. Carbonate forms an
interlocking mozaic of anhedral grains.
Magnetite, amphibole, biotite silicocarbonatite.
Fine grained, massive, equigranular, allotriomorphic
with curved grain boundaries. Apatite
forms rounded to rounded-elongate anhedral
grains. Amphibole forms needle-like pleochroic
pale blue green euhedral crystals. Biotite
forms tabular anhedral crystals of a dark brown
colour, intergranular to carbonate and amphibole
grains. Traces of magnetite present.
Apatite, amphibole, biotite sovite.
1182 Fine grained massive, equigranular, allotriomorphic
with curved grain boundaries. Apatite
4-395-420B forms rounded anhedral to subhedral grains,
often elongate in form. Amphibole forms
scattered isolated grains and small aggregates
of grains. Amphibole acicular or needle-like in
form; pleochroic in pale green. Magnetite forms
isolated, small, disseminated, anhedral grains.
Carbonate forms an interlocking mozaic of
anhedral grains with curved grain boundaries.
Amphibole, apatite and magnetite-bearing sovite.

-30-
Sample No. Petrographic Description
1183 Fine grained, massive, equigranular, hypidiomorphic.
Biotite forms anhedral ragged grains
4-472-490A with pale brown phlogopite core and dark
reddish-brown biotite rim. May enclose rounded
blebs of carbonate. Magnetite forms anhedral to
subhedral disseminated grains. Amphibole forms
acicular euhedral crystals with pale green
pleochroic rims and colourless cores. This
zoning is restricted to the larger amphibole
grains. Apatite forms rounded to roundedelongate
anhedral grains. Carbonate forms an
interlocking mozaic of anhedral grains.
Apatite, magnetite, amphibole, biotite sovite.
1184 Fine to medium grained, massive, equigranular,
allotriomorphic with straight to curved grain
H2-99 boundaries. Phlogopite-biotite forms anhedral
tabular to irregular grains with scalloped
margins. Cores of grains are pale yellow brown
(phlogopite) and rims dark reddish-brown
(biotite). Mineral has bent (001) cleavage.
Magnetite is anhedral disseminated and may
contain poikilitic biotite. Apatite is anhedral,
subrounded in outline and disseminated
throughout. Carbonate forms an interlocking
anhedral mozaic.
Apatite, magnetite, phlogopite-biotite sovite.
1185 Fine grained massive, equigranular, massive,
allotriomorphic with straight to curved grain
H2-283 boundaries. Magnetite forms anhedral to
subhedral disseminated grains. Phlogophitebiotite
forms tabular anhedral grains. Cores
are pale yellow brown and rims are a dark
reddish-brown. Carbonate forms an anhedral
interlocking mozaic of grains.
Magnetite-bearing, phlogopite-biotite sovite.
1186 Fine to coarse grained, ^inequigranular-seriate,
hypidiomorphic. Magnetite forms anhedral to
H2-317 euhedral crystals. Possibly one tiny grain of
pyrochlore perched on a grain of magnetite.
Amphibole forms acicular needle-like crystals.
Carbonate forms an interlocking mozaic of
anhedral grains.
Amphibole, magnetite silicocarbonatite.

-31-
Petrographic Description
Fine grained massive, equigranular, allotriomorphic
with curved grain boundaries. Carbonate
forms an interlocking mozaic of grains. Two
types of carbonate, one type clear and the other
turbid with dusty hematite inclusion.
Sovite.
Fine grained massive, inequigranular-seriate,
allotriomorphic with straight to curved grain
boundaries. Amphibole forms acicular euhedral
pale green crystals. Apatite occurs as anhedral
grains scattered throughout. Some are elongate
in outline. Magnetite is anhedral disseminated;
may enclose blebs of carbonate. Phlogopitebiotite
forms anhedral to subhedral irregular
grains with pale yellow-brown cores and dark
reddish-brown rims. Some ragged biotite present
which may be after former pyroxene. Carbonate
forms an interlocking mozaic of grains.
Amphibole, magnetite and phlogopite-biotite
bearing, apatite sovite.
Fine grained massive, equigranular, allotriomorphic
with straight to curved grained
boundaries. Carbonate forms anhedral irregular
interlocking grains. Apatite forms subhedral to
euhedral crystals, some crystals zoned from dark
grey cores to light grey rims under cross
nicols. Fluorite is anhedral, interstitial to
carbonate and partially encloses carbonate.
Narrow fine grained birefringent rims on some
carbonate grains suggest a reaction relationship
between fluorite and carbonate. Possible traces
of pyrochlore.
Apatite, fluorite sovite.
Fine to medium grained, massive, equigranular,
allotriomorphic with curved grain boundaries.
Biotite forms ragged anhedral grains with pale
brown cores and reddish-brown rims. Possible
traces of pyrochlore. Amphibole forms fibrous
aggregates of crystals. Apatite forms rounded
anhedral grains, commonly elongate in outline.
Magnetite forms anhedral to euhedral disseminated
grains.
Apatite, magnetite, phlogopite-biotite, sovite.

Table I: Table of Formations for the Carb Lake Carbonatite Compl
Cenozoic
Recent and Pleistocene
Stream, swamp and glacial deposits
Unconformity
Middle Precambrian
Carbonatite
Silicocarbonate, sovite, biotite, and magnetite
Early Precambrian
Granitic gneiss
Intrusive Contact
32

Table 2: X-ray Diffraction Studies of Minerals Found In Vugs
of the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex
Mineral X-ray Diffraction Results
Light brown to
brown carbonate
Fibrous blue green
to greenish blue material
Small white
glassy crystals
Dark metallic
minerals
Coppery coloured
sulphides
Light brown
micaeous mineral
Very fine grained
earthy red mineral
White weathering
carbonate
Dolomite, most likely ferruginous
due to red-brown weathering of
surface.
All X-ray patterns indicate an
amphibole structure.
Quartz.
All X-ray patterns were that of
magnetite.
X-ray diffraction patterns for
pyrite, marcasite, and pyrrhotite
were obtained.
Phlogopite.
Hematite
Calcite.
33

"Synchysite (Ce, La, Ca)FC03: This rare mineral forms irregular
soft pinkish patches or veinlets in carbonatite. It is
associated with fluorite and is probably of late hydrothermal
origin. In thin section synchysite forms pale-brown scaly
masses.
Ancylite (Ce, La)4(Sr, Ca)3(CQ3)7(OH)43H2O: This is another rare
earth-bearing mineral of which only a few occurrences are
known. It was identified in a sample taken from a boulder on
the shore of a small lake overlying the carbonatite. Ancylite
forms deep ret clots about 1/2 inch across in carbonatite: in
thin section it is orange in colour but is too fine-grained for
optical properties to be determined. Spectrographic analysis
indicated a cerium content of 2 percent and a lanthanum content
of 1 percent for part of the rock specimen."
34

Figure 2 Aeromagnetic Map of the Carb Lake Carbonatite Complex;
ODM-GSC 1967 a, b, c, d. 1:63,600.
35

MAJOR ELEMENT CHEMISTRY
36

CARB LAKE
MAJOR ELEMENTS SOVITE
SAMPLE MAP +
# # SJPO AloCU FeoOo FeO MgO CaO Na^O K^O TiOo PoOc S MNO COo HoO H o0
i i~r» rfj i| |i i li i| i i t * TT' 1
1 11
i| ' Hi 1
r i i i i -if*. i| ,» n i
3-312
-337.D 1165 1.7 0.20 1.04 2.30 3.30 49.6 0.16 0.02 0.10 1.12 0.44 0.40 39.7 0.10 0.27
4-472
490A 1183 9.82 1.40 2.56 4.00 8.00 36.9 0.75 1.47 1.50 4.28 0.22 0.32 27.5 0.02 0.20
4-90
116A 1172 2.0 0.60 2.44 2.03 3.10 47.6 0.08 0.27 0.10 4.84 0.17 0.21 35.2 0.02 0.29
4-90
116B 1173 0.3 0.10 0.09 0.64 1.60 52.8 0.03 0.01 0.10 0.61 0.01 0.17 42.1 0.04 0.29
3-107
135C 1159 2.2 0.40 1.52 2.86 3.90 46.1 0.08 0.14 0.20 2.70 0.06 0.45 38.3 0.09 0.15
3-186
210C 1161 4.1 0.60 3.02 6.37 11.5 31.2 0.22 0.51 0.10 8.64 0.04 0.60 31.1 0.02 0.29
3-186
21 0B 1160 1.2 0.20 3.80 3.42 2.60 47.4 0.08 0.05 0.10 3.60 0.04 0.30 37.11 0.01 0.26
4-395
420A 1181 1.3 0.10 1.42 2.86 7.70 43.2 0.11 0.01 0.10 2.22 0.26 0.55 39.8 0.01 0.26
4-64
90A 1171 2.7 0.30 2.39 1.99 4.50 45.6 0.27 0.12 0.10 4.00 0.11 0.26 36.6 0.02 0.46
4-313
441B 1179 2.8 0.40 3.19 2.71 3.80 47.5 0.16 0.24 0.20 4.76 0.28 0.31 34.1 0.02 0.24
4-116
142B 1175 1.1 0.10 1.51 6.02 14.9 30.2 0.03 0.07 0.10 2.50 0.27 0.45 42.0 0.01 0.43
4-116
142A 1174 0.9 0.20 3.71 2.42 2.00 48.2 0.08 0.17 0.10 3.18 0.17 0.21 36.8 0.03 0.36
37

CARB LAKE
MAJOR ELEMENTS SOVITE
SAMPLE MAP +
# # SjO ? AI9O3 Fe 2Q3 FeO MgO CaO Na 90 K ?Q TiO ? P ?Oq S MNO CO3 H 90 H 0Q
4-142
170A
4-142
170B
3-285
312C
3-234
259A
3-53
82A
4-39
64B
4-395
420B
3-234
259B
4-39
64A
H2-99
H2-283
H2-317
H2-367
H2-160
1176 0.8 0.20 0.26 1.48 2.10 52.6 0.03 0.10 0.10 2.05 0.14 0.29 40.8 0.01 0.22
1177 1.7 0.50 0.29 1.63 2.40 52.0 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.70 0.15 0.31 41.3 0.04 0.11
1164 5.8 0.90 0.90 5.31 14.1 30.6 0.30 1.09 0.10 7.32 0.01 0.51 32.0 0.01 0.28
1162 0.9 0.20 0.34 2.30 2.80 49.6 0.03 0.07 0.10 3.68 0.08 0.38 39.6 0.07 0.25
1155 0.2 0.10 0.54 4.64 16.3 32.5 0.05 0.05 0.10 1.92 0.01 0.77 43.1 0.01 0.31
1170 4.2 0.30 1.07 1.56 4.50 46.6 0.19 0.22 0.10 4.56 0.07 0.21 36.5 0.14 0.40
1182 0.3 0.10 1.41 4.67 16.1 30.6 0.01 0.02 0.10 2.70 0.10 0.61 43.4 0.01 0.23
1163 5.5 0.60 2.64 4.37 5.70 41.4 0.27 0.75 0.80 2.60 0.24 0.35 35.4 0.71 0.31
1169 2.0 0.30 3.77 2.82 3.70 46.4 0.03 0.12 0. 10 2.94
1184 3.43 0.67 6.40 5.72 14.48 28.40 0.33 0.56 0.02 2.72
1185 1.69 0.34 0.55 1.13 1.33 50.60 0.57 0.08 0.0 1.68
1186 6.75 0.46 46.06 19.30 5.53 7.95 1.47 0.35 0.49 0.03
1186 1.16 0.25 0.77 3.38 14.33 34.40 0.23 0.0 0.0 0.07
1187 2.07 0.36 5.65 5.23 2.87 42.20 0.67 0.09 0.01 2.76
38
0.17 0.24 37.6 0.26 0.15
0.05 0.48 32.60 0.0 0.28
0.09 0.16 41.90 0.0 0.0
0.03 0.44 12.10 0.0 0.33
0.01 0.72 46.10 0.0 0.36
0.21 0.29 37.80 0.0 0.0

CARB LAKE
MAJOR ELEMENTS SOVITE
SAMPLE MAP +
# # S 40^ Al^O^ Fe^O^ FeO MgO CaO Na^O KgO TiO^ P3P5-
39
s M
N° COg. HgO H^O
H3-160 1187 2.07 0.36 5.65 5.23 2.87 42.20 0.67 0.09 0.01 2.76 0.21 0.29 37.80 0.0 0.0
H4-44 1188 2.90 0.41 1.55 2.42 3.61 47.00 0.71 0.18 0.09 2.82 0.13 0.22 36.90 0.0 0.0
H4-119 1189 2.51 0.46 1.23 2.25 2.39 48.00 0.58 0.21 0.0 2.00 0.09 0.18 39.50 0.0 0.0
353
2B 1154 3.0 1.10 41.7 16.6 3.80 15.9 0.30 0.41 0.80 7.92 0.06 0.21 5.50 0.91 0.27
3-414
439B 1167 4.8 0.80 35.4 19.2 6.40 12.9 0.27 0.75 0.10 1.40 0.03 0.40 14.8 0.05 0.26
82
57A 1157 3.8 0.50 42.9 14.7 2.80 18.3 0.27 0.48 1.60 11.9 0.02 0.13 2.00 0.41 0.13
107
5B 1158 8.7 1.10 43.6 14.8 5.40 9.50 0.81 1.28 1.60 3.23 1.30 0.22 6.80 0.17 0.23

SAMPLE
_ #
4313
11A
4341
39A
3439
54B
CARB LAKE
MAJOR ELEMENTS SILICOCARBONATITE
MAP +
# S_ 1Q 2
A l
2°3
F e
3°3
F e 0 M
g°
C a Q
Ka?Q K 2Q TiQ 2
p
2°5
S M N Q C Q
1178 9.06 0.20 32.1 13.8 8.30 16.1 1.21 0.29 0.90 4.06 2.46 0.31 13.3 0.12 0.23
1180 24.8 3.10 9.44 9.86 14.2 13.8 1.86 1.14 2.80 0.38 0.46 0.36 15.6 0.16 0.46
1168 24.0 2.00 10.1 9.04 15.2 13.0 2.43 2.41 1.90 0,30 1.00 0.42 18.4 0.57 0.29
3363
55A 1166 18.6 2.00 8.71 9.26 14.9 15.8 1.56 2.60 2.00 0.98 0.09 0.54 21.8 0.60 0.29
40
2
H
3°
H
2°

TRACE ELEMENT CHEMISTRY
41

SAMPLE
#
CARB LAKE
TRACE ELEMENTS SOVITE
MAP
# Ag Au As Ba Be Bi Co Cr Cu Ga Hg Li Mn Mo Nb Ni
3-312
-337D 1165

SAMPLE
#
4-142
170A
4-142
170B
3-285
312C
3-234
259A
3-53
82A
4-39
64B
4-395
420B
3-234
259B
4-39
64A
H2-99
H2-283
H2-317
H2-367
MAP
CARB LAKE
TRACE ELEMENTS SOVITE
_ # ACL Au As Ba Be Bi Co Cr Cu Ga Hg Li Mn Mo Nb Ni
1176

SAMPLE
#
H3-160
H4-44
H4-119
3-53
82B
3-414
439B
3-82
107A
3-107
135B
MAP
#_
1187
1188
1189
CARB LAKE
TRACE ELEMENTS SOVITE
Ag Au As Ba Be Bi Co Cr Cu Ga Hg Li Mn Mo Nb Ni
-1
-1
-1
1154 . 1% . 1%

CARB LAKE
TRACE ELEMENTS SOVITE
SAMPLE MAP
# # Pb Rb Sb Sc Sn Sr Ti Y Zn Zr La Nd Ce
3-312
-337D
4-472
490A
4-90
116A
4-90
116B
3-107
135C
3-186
210C
3-186
21 OB
4-395
420A
4-64
90A
4-313
441B
4-116
142B
4-116
142A
1165 65 < 10
1183 55 60
1172 25 20
1173 25 < 10
1159 40 10
1161 50 30
1160

CARB LAKE
TRACE ELEMENTS SOVITE
SAMPLE MAP
# # Pb Rb Sb Sc Sn Sr Ti Zn Zr La Nd Ce
4-142
170A
4-142
170B
3-285
312C
3-234
259A
3-53
82A
4-39
64B
4-395
420B
3-234
259B
4-39
64A
H2-99
H2-283
H2-317
H2-367
1176 65 < 10
1177 75
1164 35
1163 30
1169
1184
1185
1186
1186
25
-10
29
-10
-10
20
40
1162 195 < 10
1155 35 10
1170 40 10
1182 30 < 10
30
10
30
-10
-10
-10
10 < 3 IfLfOO
< 3 yj~OD
20 < 3 AfBD
25
15
9
25
-5
< 3
< 3
25 < 3
10 < 3
20 < 3
< 3
10
-3
20
-3
3cco
2500
3000
400
900
46
10 100 145 10 400 x 300 590

SAMPLE
#
H3-160
H4-44
H4-119
3-53
82B
3-414
439B
3-82
107A
3-107
135B
MAP
CARB LAKE
TRACE ELEMENTS SOVITE
# Pb Rb Sb Sc Sn Sr Ti V Zn Zr La Nd Ce
1187
1188
1189
1167
1157
17
-10
41
1154 105
40
50
1158 400
-10
-10
10
20
20
20
40
20
25
15
6
-3
-3
45 45
35 50
4000
3500
4000
42 30 ~J30
15 40 /%6
9f>
47
150
60
25
100
90
100
90
37
54
150
450
100
300
300
400
250
200
250
670
340
630
155 70 40 900 < 300 < 300 560
100 45 50 1000 < 300 < 300 390
400 80 55 600 < 300

CARB LAKE
TRACE ELEMENTS SILICOCARBONATITE
SAMPLE MAP
# # Ag Au As Ba Be Bi Co Cr Cu Ga Hg Li Mn Mo Nb Ni
4-313
441A 1178

CARB LAKE 2.
TRACE ELEMENTS SILICOCARBONATITE
SAMPLE MAP
# # Pb Rb Sb Sc Sri Sr Ti Y Zn Zr La Nd Ce
4-313
441A 1178 40 < 10 70 20 /3

ALKALIC ROCK NORMS
50

SAMPLE
#
CARB LAKE
LEBAS NORMS SOVITE
MAP
_# QZ CO OR AB LC KAL NEPH CAR NS AC TH
3-312
-337D 1165 0.0 0.18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.37
4-472
-490A 1183 0.0 0.0 5.54 0.0 1.64 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.72
4-90
-116A 1172 0.12 0.31 1.59 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.18
4-90
116B 1173 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07
3-107
135C 1159 0.70 0.25 0.83 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.18
3-186
210C 1161 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.67 0.17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.44
3-186
21 OB 1160 0.13 0.15 0.30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.18
4-395
420A 1181 0.02 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.25
4-64
90A 1171 1.72 0.17 0.71 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.62
4-313
441B 1179 0.0 0.14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.81 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.37
4-116
142B 1175 0.0 0.02 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07
4-116
142A 1174 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.57 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.18
4-142
170A 1176 0.0 0.09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.34 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07
4-142
170B 1177 0.0 0.21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.91 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07
3-285
312C 1164 0.0 0.0 1.25 0.0 2.87 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.95 0.09
3-234
259A 1162 0.0 0.12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07
51

SAMPLE
#
3-53
-82A
4-39
64B
4-395
420B
3-234
259B
4-39
64A
H2-99
H2-283
H2-317
H2-367
H3-160
H4-44
H4-119
3-82
107A
3-107
135B
3-414
439B
3-53
82B
MAP
CARB LAKE
LEBAS NORMS SOVITE
CO OR AB LC KAL NEPH CAR NS AC TH
1155 0.0 0.03 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.15 0.07 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.09
1170 2.63 0.06 1.30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.44
1182 0.0 0.08 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1163 2.74 0.0 3.27 0.0' 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.62
1169
1184
1185
1186
1186
1187
1188
1189
0.97
0.0
0.22
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.29
0.13
0.17
0.0
0.05
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.10
0.01
0.71
0.0
0.47
1.96
0.0
0.06
1.06
1.24
0.0
0.0
1.06
0.13
0.0
0.01
0.61
1.14
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1157 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.43 0.51 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.29 0.22
1158 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.86
1167 0.0 0.0 0.92 0.0 2.70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.31
1154 0.0 0.64 0.0 0.0 1.63 0.18 0.06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.66
52
0.0
1.81
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.24
0.0
0.21
0.0
0.99
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.70
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.30
0.0
9.58
0.15
0.63
0.0
0.0
0.07
0.58
1.02
0.31
0.13
0.93
1.46
1.02

CARB LAKE
LEBAS NORMS SOVITE
SAMPLE MAP
# # GEH AKM FE-AK D.WO D.EN D.FS FO FA ANDR HM MT
3-312
-337D 1165 0.0 0.72 0.66 -1.11 -0.53 -0.57 2.84 3.40 0.0 0.0 1.51
4-472
-490A 1183 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.31 4.50 0.0 0.0 3.72
4-90
-116A 1172 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.86 1.63 0.0 0.0 3.54
4-90
116B 1173 0.0 0.45 0.52 -0.78 -0.33 -0.45 0.83 1.27 0.0 0.0 0.13
3-107
-135C 1159 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.18 0.0 0.0 2.21
3-186
210C 1161 0.0 4.67 3.39 -6.55 -3.42 -2.94 9.59 9.11 0.0 0.0 4.39
3-186
21 OB 1160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.87 0.0 0.0 5.52
4-395
420A 1181 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.34 3.94 0.0 0.0 2.06
4-64
90A 1171 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.67 0.0 0.0 3.47
4-313
441B 1179 0.0 0.37 0.27 -0.52 -0.27 -0.23 3.92 3.77 0.0 0.0 4.63
4-116
142B 1175 0.0 0.0 4.83 -3.69 0.0 -4.20 0.0 9.85 0.0 0.0 2.19
4-116
142A 1174 0.04 16.40 13.49 -14.56 -7.22 -7.04 4.32 4.65 0.0 3.72 0.0
4-142
170A 1176 0.0 0.59 1.02 -1.28 -0.43 -0.88 1.19 2.69 0.0 0.0 0.38
4-142
170B 1177 0.0 0.63 0.55 -0.96 -0.46 -0.48 2.40 2.76 0.0 0.0 0.42
3-285
312C 1164 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.13 0.0 0.0 0.33
3-234
259A 1162 0.0 0.0 0.80 -0.61 0.0 -0.70 0.0 3.86 0.0 0.0 0.49
53

CARB LAKE
LEBAS NORMS SOVITE
SAMPLE MAP
# # GEH AKM FE-AK D.WO D.EN D.FS FO FA ANDR HM MT
3-53
82A
4-39
64B
4-395
420B
3-234
259B
4-39
64A
H2-99
H2-283
H2-317
H2-367
H3-160
H4-44
H4-119
3-82
107A
3-107
135B
3-414
439B
3-53
82B
1155 0.0 0.0 6.92 -5.28 0.0 -6.01 0.07 9.67 0.0 0.0 0.78
1170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.43 1.83 0.0 0.0 1.55
1182 0.0 0.0 5.54 -4.22 0.0 -4.81 0.0 8.46 0.0 0.0 2.05
1163 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.00 0.60 0.0 0.0 3.84
1169
1184
1185
1186
1186
1187
1188
1189
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.30
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.11
0.0
0.0
2.68
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
•1.95
0.0
0.0
•2.05
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
•0.95
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
•0.97
0.0
0.0
•2.33
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.60
0.0
0.23
0.0
0.0
1.61
0.0
1.94
5. 16
1.48
0.73
6.27
4.37
2.76
2.67
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 5.48
0.00 9.15
0.0 0.80
0.0 62.10
1157 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.86 0.0 0.0 9.51 47.83
1158 0.0 6.95 3.20 -1.93 -1.18 -0.64 8.42 5.07 0.0 19.50 34.95
1167 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.37 5.44 0.0 0.0 50.92
1154 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.68 0.0 0.0 4.68 53.80
54
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.04
7.89
2.25
1.79

CARB LAKE
LEBAS NORMS SOVITE
SAMPLE MAP
# # SPH PERV RU AP CC MGS FL ZR BAD H20 SUM
3-312
-337D 1165 0.0 0.0 0.10 2.65 85.82 3.69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.37 100.15
4-472
-490A 1183 0.0 0.0 1.50 9.94 55.94 5.50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.22 99.53
4-90
-116A 1172 0.0 0.0 0.10 11.46 73.51 5.43 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.31 99.04
4-90
116B 1173 0.0 0.0 0.10 1.44 92.72 2.47 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.33 98.88
3-107
135C 1159 0.0 0.0 0.02 6.39 75.86 8.13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.24 97.98
3-186
210C 1161 0.0 0.0 0.10 1.51 54.13 13.89 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.31 90.46
3-186
21 OB 1160 0.0 0.0 0.10 8.52 76.07 5.42 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.26 99.52
4-395
420A 1181 0.0 0.0 0.10 5.25 71.82 15.64 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.26 99.79
4-64
90A 1171 0.0 0.0 0.10 9.47 71.92 9.38 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.48 99.70
4-313
441B 1179 0.0 0.0 0.20 11.27 73.53 3.33 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.26 101.82
4-116
142B 1175 0.0 0.0 0.10 5.92 47.98 31.05 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.43 94.80
4-116
142A 1174 0.0 0.17 0.0 7.53 69.98 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.39 92.63
4-142
170A 1176 0.0 0.0 0.10 4.85 88.98 3.13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.22 101.05
4-142
170B 1177 0.0 0.0 0.10 1.66 91.08 2.32 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.15 101.35
3-285
312C 1164 0.0 0.0 0.10 17.33 37.38 29.38 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.28 99.08
3-234
259A 1162 0.0 0.0 0.10 8.71 79.80 5.83 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.32 99.05
55

SAMPLE MAP
3-53
-82A
4-39
64B
CARB LAKE
LEBAS NORMS SOVITE
# # SPH PERV RU AP CC MGS FL ZR BAD H20 SUM
4-395
420B
3-234
259B
4-39
64A
H2-99
H2-283
H2-317
H2-367
H3-160
H4-44
H4-119
3-82
107A
3-107
135B
3-414
439B
3-53
82B
1155 0.0 0.0 0.10 2.41 55.56 33.97 0.07 0.0
1170 0.0 0.0 0.10 10.79 72.39 8.86 0.0 0.0
1182 0.0 0.0 0.10 6.39 48.22 33.55 0.0 0.0
1163 0.0 0.0 0.80 6.15 67.72 10.68 0.0 0.0
1169 0.0 0.0 0.10 6.96 75.84 7.71 0.0 0.0
1184 0.0 0.0 0.02 6.44 44.25 25.05 0.0 0.0
1185 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.98 86.28 2.77 0.0 0.0
1186 0.0 0.0 0.49 0.07 14.11 11.25 0.0 0.0
1186 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.17 61.18 29.86 0.0 0.0
1187 0.0 0.0 0.01 6.53 68.77 5.98 0.0 0.0
1188 0.0 0.0 0.22 6.68 77.19 5.59 0.0 0.0
1189 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.73 80.90 4.98 0.0 0.0
1157 0.28 0.0 1.49 28.17 4.54 0.0 0.0 0.0
1158 0.0 2.72 0.0 7.65 1.82 0.0 0.0 0.0
1167 0.0 0.0 0.10 3.31 19.72 11.69 0.0 0.0
1154 0.0 0.0 0.80 18.75 9.75 2.30 0.0 0.0
56
0.0 0.31 98.77
0.0 0.54 100.92
0.0 0.23 95.66
0.0 1.02 98.44
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.41 100.35
0.28 96.43
0.0 98.13
0.33 101.50
0.36 98.17
0.0 96.18
0.0 99.81
0.0 98.61
0.0 0.54 100.74
0.0 0.43 92.30
0.0 0.31 97.80
0.0 1.18 99.11

CARB LAKE
LEBAS NORMS SILICOCARBONATITE
SAMPLE MAP
# # gZ CO OR AB LC KAL NEPH CAR NS AC TH
4-313
441A 1178 5.48 0.0 1.09 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.77
4-341
369A 1180 10.86 1.87 6.73 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.26
3-439
454-B 1168 7.15 0.0 10.91 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.70 4.43
3-363
-395A 1166 0.12 0.0 10.91 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.46 0.97
57

CARB LAKE
LEBAS NORMS SILICOCARBONATITE
SAMPLE MAP
__# # GEH AKM FE-AK D.WO D.EN D.FS FO FA ANDR HM MT
4-313
441A 1178 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.68 0.0 0.0 0.63 45.57
4-341
369A 1180 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.45 8.49 0.0 0.0 13.71
3-439
454-B 1168 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.86 7.87 0.0 0.0 12.67
3-363
-395A 1166 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.31 10.23 0.0 0.0 8.41
58

CARB LAKE
LEBAS NORMS SILICOCARBONATITE
SAMPLE MAP
__# # SPH PERV RU AP CC MGS FL ZR BAD H20 SUM
4-313
441A 1178 0.0 0.0 0.90 9.61 19.18 9.28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.35 101.54
4-341
369A 1180 0.0 0.0 2.80 0.90 23.72 9.85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.62 100.26
3-439
-454B 1168 0.0 0.0 1.90 0.71 22.48 16.24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.86 101.78
3-363
-395A 1166 0.0 0.0 2.00 2.32 25.87 19.88 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.89 99.36
59

LITHOLOGIC UNIT STATISTICS
60

VARIABLE MEAN
Si 02
A1 20 3
Fe 20 3
FeO
MgO
CaO
Na2°
K 20
H 20+
H 2°-
C0 2
Ti0 2
P205
S
MnO
Ag
Au
As
Ba
Be
Bi
CO
Cr
25.386
0.445
8.244
5.348
6.173
38.242
0.287
0.328
0.128
0.273
33.312
0.314
3.298
0.158
0.355
1.469
VAR­
IANCE
165.714
0. 105
221.436
23.360
23.120
177.712
0.102
0.144
0.052
0.007
138.415
0.225
5.608
0.054
0.027
2.773
470.625 55328.629 900
2.440 5.257 9
10.312 83.641 50
8.187 26.351 20
RANGE
37.570
1.300
45.970
18.660
14.970
44.850
1.460
1.460
0.900
0.350
44.100
1.590
9.960
1.290
0.640
9.000
CARB LAKE
MAP UNIT SOVITE STATISTICS
SUM
812.340
14.250
263.810
171.130
197.540
1223.750
9.180
10.160
3.190
7.650
1066.000
9.110
105.540
5.060
11.350
47.000
STD
ERROR
2.276
0.057
2.631
0.941
0.850
2.357
0.056
0.068
0.045
0.016
2.080
0.088
0.419
0.041
0.029
0.294
KURT-
OSIS
-0.461
1.500
2.209
1.969
-0. 175
-0.075
4.989
2.569
6.558
0.324
1.702
3.313
1.574
19.953
0.152
23.747
15059.996 41.581 -0.533 70
61 0.459 4.915 1
330
262
1.617 19.241 5
0.907 2.890 5
61
MINI­
MUM
1. 160
0. 100
0.090
0.640
1.330
7.950
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.110
2.000
0.010
0.030
0.010
0.130
1.0
STD
DEVI­
ATION
12.873
0.324
14.881
5.325
4.808
13.331
0.319
0.380
0.227
0.083
11.765
0.474
2.368
0.232
0. 166
1.665
235.220
2.293
9.146
5.133
SKEW-
NESS
-1.177
1.311
1.984
1.781
1.147
•1.005
2.006
1.755
2.620
0. 159
•1.658
2.126
1.268
4. 120
0.884
4.685
0.129 970
2.158 10
4.088 55
1.800 25
MAXI­
MUM
38.730
1.400
46.060
19.300
16.300
52.800
1.470
1.470
0.910
0.460
46.100
1.600
9.990
1.300
0.770
10.0

VARIABLE MEAN
Cu
Ga
Hg
Li
Mn
Mo
Nb
Ni
Pb
Rb
Sb
Sc
Sn
Sr
Ti
V
Y
Zn
Zr
B
Br
Cd
Ce
CI
14.281
6.625
12.219
17.719
8.812
VAR­
IANCE
189.305
52.629
147.402
91.628
172.738
RANGE
65
29
52
3.0 2.516 9
438 175849.938 1470
5.500 1.742 5
55.375 5222.949 390
17.187 143.448 50
39
47
66.250 10819.352 440
84.844 1439.491 140
68.750 2315.032 196
314.062 301070.000 2990
CARB LAKE
MAP UNIT SOVITE STATISTICS
SUM
457
212
391
567
282
2120
2715
2200
STD
ERROR
2.432
1.282
2.149
96 0.280
10949.996 83.869
176 0.233
1772 12.776
550 2.117
1.692
2.323
18.388
6.707
8.506
10049.996 96.997
KURT-
OSIS
8.065
3.267
4.246
12.531
1.520
5.938
17.529
4.366
0.104
4.274
8.194
-0.115
0.442
19.352
MINI­
MUM
1
30
5
10
10
3
3
10
10
6
10
STD
DEVI­
ATION
13.759
7.255
12.141
1.586
419.345
1.320
72.270
11.977
9.572
13.143
104.016
37.941
48. 1 15
548.698
SKEW-
NESS
2.589
1.962
2.014
2.845
1.354
2.649
3.924
2.027
0.544
2.333
2.841
-0.212
1.014
MAXI­
MUM
70
30
55
10
1500
10
400
60
42
50
450
150
20 2
4.099 3000
770.400 **** 5450 19259.996 204.009 23.943 170 1020.047 4.843 562 0
62

CARB LAKE
MAP UNIT SOVITE STATISTICS
VAR- STD KURT- MINI-
STD
DEVI- SKEW- MAXI-
VARIABLE MEAN IANCE RANGE SUM ERROR OSIS MUM AT I ON NESS MUM
Cs
Ge
La 335.484 10865.590 400 10399.996 18.722 0.207 100 104.238 -0.530 500
Nd 276.562 3223.286 200 8849.996 10.036 5.141 100 56.774 -2.480 300
Tl
U
W
63

VARIABLE MEAN
Si02
Al 20 3
Fe 20 3
FeO
MgO
CaO
Na 20
K 20
H 20+
H 20-
C0 2
Ti0 2
P205
S
MnO
Ag
Au
As
Ba
Be
Bi
CO
Cr
19.115
1.825
15.067
10.492
13.150
14.675
1.765
1.610
0.362
0.317
17.275
155
1.900
1.430
1.002
0.407
1.500
7
55
305
VAR­
IANCE
52.517
1.442
128.636
5.012
10.630
2.289
0.267
1.194
0.066
0.010
13.449
0.607
3.166
1.084
0.010
1
CARB LAKE
MAP UNIT SILICOCARBONATITE STATISTICS
RANGE
15.740
2.900
23.350
4.770
6.900
3.100
1.220
2.310
0.480
0.230
8.500
1.900
3.760
2.370
0.230
2
8633.332 200
8.667 7
366.667 40
38433.332 450
SUM
76.460
7.300
60.270
41.970
52.600
58.700
7.060
6.440
1.450
1.270
69.100
7.600
5.720
4.010
1.630
6
620
28
220
1220
STD
ERROR
3.623
0.601
5.671
1.119
1.630
0.756
0.258
0.546
0.129
0.050
1.834
0.389
0.890
0.521
0.050
0.5
KURT-
OSIS
0.805
1.907
3.953
3.494
3.656
•4.478
0.157
•3.092
•5.813
2.802
-0.998
1.500
3.368
1.520
0.441
4
46.458 -2.478 70
1.472 1.500 3
9.574 -1.289 40
98.022 1.706 30
64
MINI-
STD
DEVI-
MUM AT I ON
9.060 7.247
0.200 1.201
8.710 11.342
9.040 2.239
8.300 3.260
13.000 1.513
1.210 0.517
0.290 1.093
0.120 0.258
0.230 0.099
13.300 13.667
0.900 0.779
0.300 1.779
0.090 1.041
0.310 0.099
1 1
SKEW-
NESS
•1.255
-0.849
1.986
1.861
•1.903
•0.200
0.557
•0.471
•0.009
1.494
0.359
•0.381
1.834
1.286
0.886
92.916 0.561 270
2
2.944 -0.941 10
19.149 0.855 80
196.044 -1.290 480
MAXI­
MUM
24.800
3. 100
32.061
13.810
15.200
16.100
2.430
2.600
0.600
0.460
21.80 0
2.80 0
4.060
2.460
0.54 0
3

CI
CARB LAKE
VAR- STD KURT- MINI-
STD
DEVI- SKEW- MAXI-
VARIABLE MEAN IANCE RANGE SUM ERROR OSIS MUM AT I ON NESS MUM
Cu 108.750 1206.250 80 435 17.366 1.784 60 34.731 -1.290 140
Ga 11 22 9 44 2.345 -5.112 6 4.690 -0.155 15
Hg
Li 77 2732.667 112 308 26.137 -0.916 8 52.275 -0.914 120
Mn
Mo 3 0 0 1 2 0 0 3 0 0 3
Nb 275 10833.332 250 1100 52.042 0.391 150 104.083 -0.0 400
Ni 222.750 37730.246 434 891 97.121 -2.693 6 194.243 0.005 440
Pb 38.750 106.250 25 155 5.154 1.785 25 10.308 -0.713 50
Rb 72.500 2291.667 100 290 23.936 -1.289 10 47.871 -0.855 110
Sb
Sc 77.500 225 30 310 7.500 4 70 15 2 100
Sn 7.500 69.667 ,17 30 4.173 3.934 3 8.347 1.981 20
Sr
Ti
V 150 4999.996 150 600 35.355 1.500 100 70.711 1.414 250
Y 21.250 256.250 35 85 8.004 3.619 10 16.008 1.866 45
Zn 115 7033.332 180 460 41.932 3.770 60 83.865 1.923 240
Zr 162.500 3958.333 150 650 31.458 2.227 100 62.915 1.129 250
B
Br
Cd
MAP UNIT SILICOCARBONATITE STATISTICS
Ce 457.500 7491.664 200 1830 43.277 -1.394 360 86.554 0.135 560
65

CARB LAKE
MAP UNIT SILICARBONATITE STATISTICS
VAR- STD KURT- MINI-
STD
DEVI- SKEW- MAXI-
VARIABLE MEAN IANCE RANGE SUM ERROR OSIS MUM AT I ON NESS MUM
Cs
Ge
La 175 7499.996 200 700 43.301 2.889 100 86.603 1.540 300
Nd 300 0 0 1200 0 0 300 0 0 300
Tl
U
W
66

MARGINAL NOTES
LOCATION AND ACCESS
The Carb Lake carbonatite is one of the most north­
erly located carbonatite complexes in Ontario. The
intrusion is located at approximately 54°46'N Latitude
and 92°01'W Longitude, 10 km from the Ontario-
Manitoba border. The complex lies 384 km WNW of
Pickle Lake or 422 km NNE of Red Lake. The complex
is accessible only by float-equipped aircraft to either
Camp Lake (local name) on the northern edge of com­
plex or to Carb Lake (local name) in the centre.
The topography is low and undulating and mostly
swampy. Outcrop is not known to exist on the complex.
The intrusion has a surface area of approximately
8.0 km 2
, estimated on the basis of aeromagnetic expres­
sion. The intrusion has a strong circular aeromagnetic
expression which is well illustrated on ODM-GSC aero­
magnetic maps 3684G, 3692G, 3685G, and 3693G.
MINERAL EXPLORATION
In 1968, Big Nama Creek Mines Limited and Laran­
dona Mines Limited staked the Carb Lake carbonatite
complex, completed a magnetometer survey, and drilled
four diamond drill holes totalling 1,849 feet (555 m)
(Assessment Files Research Office, Ontario Ministry of
Natural Resources, Toronto). The companies also
completed airborne magnetic and radiometric surveys
(D.A. Seeber, Northgate Exploration Limited, personal
communication 1971).
Bennett and Riley (1969) examined core and found
in addition to the usual carbonatite mineral assemblage,
the rare earth carbonates synchysite and ancylite.
GENERAL GEOLOGY
The "Carb Lake" carbonatite complex lies within the
Kenyon Subprovince of the Superior Province. This
subprovince is characterized geophysically by a strong
linear, WNW-trending aeromagnetic pattern (ODM-
GSC 1970). Mapping by Bennett and Riley (1967) and
Riley and Davies (1967) indicated that Early Precam­
brian felsic intrusive rocks outcrop east of the "Carb
Lake'carbonatite.
The drill core from holes 3 and 4 of Big Nama Creek
Mines Limited and Larandona Mines Limited examined
by the author, is composed dominantly of pink to grey
white sovite with minor amounts of biotite, magnetite,
and phlogopite. The core contains minor zones (up to
1-2 m) of silicocarbonatite (greater than 50 percent
silicate and oxide minerals) and biotite (greater than
70 percent biotite with minor magnetite). Thin zones,
less than 0.3 m wide, of nearly pure magnetite are
locally present. The carbonatite is well banded at 30-45
degrees to the core axis, and all rock types: sovite,
silicocarbonatite, biotitite, and magnetite, are so in­
timately mixed that pure samples of any one type
greater than 15 cm in length are difficult to obtain.
The silicocarbonatite and biotitite often contain num­
erous, nearly pure, carbonate segregations or veins
which impart a breccia-like appearance to the drill core.
Several thin (less than 2 mm wide) seams of fibrous
blue-green amphibole were noted.
The core is unusual in that it is very vuggy. The vugs
are roughly elongated parallel to the banding, in places
exceed 1 cm in diameter, and are lined with pyrite,
fluorite, and euhedral carbonate crystals. Some of the
vugs appear to follow fractures and may be near-surface,
solution-deposition phenomena rather than miarolitic
cavities.
K. Bell and D. Watkinson of Carleton University
(1972, unpublished data) reported K-Ar isotopic ages of
1822±96 m.y. and 1826±97 m.y.. on biotite samples
taken from diamond drill core.
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
The lack of ourcrop makes structural interpretation
difficult. A regional aeromagnetic map (ODM-GSC
1970a) of the area suggests that the intrusion may be
located along a northwest-trending lineament.
Mineralogic banding in the core drilled at a 50 degree
plunge, varys from 30 to 50 degrees to the core axis,
and indicates that the banding in the intrusion is vertical
or nearly vertical.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PROSPECTOR
The complex warrants examination for its vermicu-
lite, apatite, and rare earth potential.
REFERENCES
Bell, K. and Watkinson, D.K.
in prep.: Relationship between Alkalic Rock-Carbona-
tite Magmatism and Orogen in the Canadian
Shield.
Bennett, G. and Riley, R.A.
1967: Swan Lake Sheet, Operation Lingman Lake,
District of Kenora (Patricia Portion); Ontar­
io Dept. Mines, Prelim. Map P.427, Geol.
Ser., scale 1 inch to 2 miles.
1969: Operaion Lingman Lake, District of Kenora
ODM-GSC
(Patricia Portion); Ontario Dept. Mines,
MP27, 52p.
1970: Sachigo River Sheet, District of Kenora;
Ontario Department of Mines-Geological
Survey of Canada, Aeromagnetic Compila­
tion Map P.575, scale 1 inch to 16 miles.
Riley, R.A. and Davies, J.C.
1967: Stull Lake Sheet, Operation Lingman Lake,
District of Kenora (Patricia Portion), Ontar­
io Department of Mines, Map P.426, Geol.
Ser., scale 1 inch to 2 miles.
Ontario
Ministry of
Natural
Resources
Hon. James A.C. Aulcf
Minister
Dr. J. K. Reynolds
Deputy Minister
ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
PRELIMINARY MAP P.2238
GEOLOGICAL SERIES
"CARB"LAKE
Carbonatite Complex
Mile 'A
DISTRICT OF KENORA
(PATRICIA PORTION)
Scale: 1:15 840
o %
H H H:
Metres 100 0 0.4 0.6 1 Kilometre
NTS Reference: 53J/12W, 13W; 53K/9E, 16E
ODM-GSC Aeromagnetic Maps: 3684G, 3685G, 3692G, 3693G
©OMNR-OGS 1979
ODM Geological Compilation Map: 2177, 2178
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given and the
material is properly referenced.
ODM
LOCATION MAP A Scale: 1:1 584 000
or 1 inch to 25 miles
PHANEROZOIC
CENOZOIC
QUATERNARY
PRECAMBRIAN
LEGEND 1
PLEISTOCENE AND RECENT
MIDDLE PRECAMBRIAN
Sand, gravel, boulders; lake and stream deposits.
UNCONFORMITY
CARBONATITE-ALKALIC COMPLEXES
"CARB LAKE "CARBONATITE
2a Carbonatite (unsubdivided)
2b Mafic rock (unsubdivided)
EARLY PRECAMBRIAN
NOTES:
INTRUSIVE CONTACT
FELSIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS
1 Granitic rocks (unsubdivided)
1. This is basically a field legend and may change subsequent to
laboratory investigations.
2. Information from Bell, K. and Watkinson, D.K. in preparation:
Relationship Between Alkalic Rock-Carbonatite Magmatism and
Orogen in the Canadian Shield.
The letter "D" preceding a rock unit (e.g. D2b) indicates that inter :
pretation is based on drill hole data only.
The letter "G" preceding a rock unit (e.g. G1) indicates that inter­
pretation is based on geophysical data only.
SYMBOLS
Area of dry ground; from airphotograph interpretation.
Area of wet ground, from airphotograph interpretation.
Esker.
Lineament.
Diamond drill hole, inclined with number.
Geophysically inferred contact.
METAL AND MINERAL REFERENCES
ap Apatite pyl
mag Magnetite
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Geology by R.P. Sage, W. Wright, 1976.
The base map is derived from NTS maps 53J and 53K, scale
1:250 000.
Geology is not tied to surveyed lines.
Metric Conversion Factor: 1 foot = 0.3048 m
1
/ 2
Mile
Pyrochlore
This map is published with the permission of E.G. Pye, Director,
Ontario Geological Survey.
Issued 1979
Information from this publication may be quoted if credit is given.
It is recommended that reference to this map be made in the following
form:
Sage, R.P. and Wright, W.
1979: "Carb" Lake Carbonatite Complex, District of Kenora
(Patricia Portion); Ontario Geological Survey Prelim.
Map P.2238, Geological Ser., Scale 1:15 840 or 1 inch to
% mile. Geology 1976.