Sorghum Diseases in India
Sorghum Diseases in India
Sorghum Diseases in India
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land tenure that limits <strong>in</strong>creases <strong>in</strong> sorghum hectarage.<br />
In southern the Honduras, sorghum production<br />
is be<strong>in</strong>g displaced by cattle ranch<strong>in</strong>g<br />
(DeWalt and DeWalt 1984).<br />
Before 1979, most sorghum farmers <strong>in</strong> Nicaragua<br />
used no fertilizers (Rizo and Obando<br />
Solis 1979); sorghum yields were low. Accord<strong>in</strong>g<br />
to FAO reports, there has been a dramatic <strong>in</strong>crease<br />
<strong>in</strong> sorghum production dur<strong>in</strong>g the last 6<br />
years. The total sorghum-produc<strong>in</strong>g area <strong>in</strong><br />
Nicaragua <strong>in</strong>creased by nearly 50%; more importantly,<br />
yields were 67% higher. Total sorghum<br />
production <strong>in</strong>creased by 143%.<br />
Increases <strong>in</strong> sorghum production <strong>in</strong> Central<br />
America must be based on higher yields. Reach<strong>in</strong>g<br />
higher yields requires the development and<br />
use of higher-yield<strong>in</strong>g cultivars with improved<br />
disease resistance; fertilizers must also become<br />
available to the resource-poor farmer <strong>in</strong> order<br />
for him to maximize his yields. F<strong>in</strong>ally, technical<br />
assistance must follow to help these farmers<br />
cope with new pest problems that are sure to<br />
come with the <strong>in</strong>troduction of new cultivars or<br />
the use of fertilizers or with other changes <strong>in</strong> the<br />
cropp<strong>in</strong>g system.<br />
References<br />
Bandyopadhyay, R., Mughogho, L.K., and Satyanaxayana,<br />
M.V. 1987. Systemic <strong>in</strong>fection of<br />
sorghum by Acremonium strictum and its transmission<br />
through seed. Plant Disease 71:647-650.<br />
Castellanos, S., Dardon, O., Ozaeta, M., Soto,<br />
G., and Cordova, H. 1982. Mildiu en maiz, descripcion,<br />
<strong>in</strong>cidencia, y metodos de control en<br />
Guatemala. Folleto tecnico 19: ICTA, Guatemala.<br />
24 pp.<br />
Clara, R., Cordova, R.H., and Coty Amaya, H.<br />
1984. El programa de mejoramiento genetico del<br />
sorgo del Centro de Tecnologia Agricola. Pages<br />
100-108 <strong>in</strong> Memoria III reunion anual de la Comision<br />
Lat<strong>in</strong>oamericana de Investigadores en<br />
Sorgo, 18-24 Nov 1984, San Salvador, El Salvador.<br />
San Andres, El Salvador: CENTA/<br />
ICRISAT<br />
Coissy, H.T., Sa<strong>in</strong>t Phard, J., and Prophete, E.<br />
1979. Reporte nacional; Haiti. Pages 138-145 <strong>in</strong><br />
Control <strong>in</strong>tegrado de plagas en sistemas de pro-<br />
72<br />
duccion para pequenos agricultores, Vol. III. Turrialba,<br />
Costa Rica: CATIE-UC/USAID-OIRAS.<br />
Contreras, S., and Barahona, M. 1974. Evaluacion<br />
del porcentaje natural de parasitismo efectuado<br />
por el micoparasito Darluca sp. en la roya<br />
del maiz (Pucc<strong>in</strong>ia sorghi Scha). SIADES 3(1):7-<br />
10.<br />
DeWalt, B.R., and DeWalt, K.M. 1984. Sistemas<br />
de cultivo en Pespire, sur de the Honduras:<br />
un enfoque de agroecosistemas. Estudios antropologicos<br />
e historicos 4. Tegucigalpa, Honduras:<br />
Instituto Hondureno de Antropologia e<br />
Historia e INTSORMIL. 88 pp.<br />
Escobedo, J., Cano, M., and Gamboa, R. 1979.<br />
Reporte nacional; Guatemala. Pages 97-122 <strong>in</strong><br />
Control <strong>in</strong>tegrado de plagas en sistemas de produccion<br />
de cultivos para pequenos agricultores.<br />
Vol. III. Turrialba, Costa Rica: CATIE-US/US-<br />
AID-OIRSA.<br />
FAO 1985. FAO Production Yearbook. Rome,<br />
Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the<br />
United Nations.<br />
Fernandez, K.D., and Meckenstock, D.H 1987.<br />
Virulencia de Peronosclerospora sorghi en the<br />
Honduras. In Memoria de la XXXIII reunion anual<br />
del PCCMCA (Programa Cooperativo Centroamericano<br />
para el Majoramiento de Cultivos<br />
Alimenticios) 30 Mar to 4 Apr 1987. Guatemala,<br />
Guatemala:ICTA.<br />
Frederiksen, R.A. (ed.). 1986. Compendium of<br />
<strong>Sorghum</strong> <strong>Diseases</strong>. St. Paul, MN: American<br />
Phytopathological Society. 82 pp.<br />
Fuentes, J.S., and Salguero, E.R, 1983. Sistemas<br />
de cultivos practicados en Guatemala para la<br />
producci6n de maiz, frijol, y sorgo. Pages 230-<br />
243 <strong>in</strong> Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the plant breed<strong>in</strong>g<br />
methods and approaches <strong>in</strong> sorghum workshop<br />
for Lat<strong>in</strong> America, 11-15 Apr 1983, Texcoco,<br />
Mexico: INTSORMIL-INIA-ICRISAT/CIMMYT.<br />
Harris, E. 1960. Ramulispora sorghicola sp. nov.<br />
Transactions of the British Mycological Society<br />
43(1):80-84.<br />
Hawk<strong>in</strong>s, R., Smith, M., and Arias Milla, R.<br />
1983. Sistemas de cultivo de sorgo en Centro