Sorghum Diseases in India
Sorghum Diseases in India
Sorghum Diseases in India
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<strong>India</strong> Coord<strong>in</strong>ated <strong>Sorghum</strong> Improvement Project<br />
(AICSIP) at 10 centers. This project began <strong>in</strong><br />
1970 as part of <strong>India</strong>n Council of Agricultural<br />
Research (ICAR). It was upgraded to "National<br />
Research Centre", guided by a project director.<br />
All <strong>India</strong>n states participate through their agricultural<br />
universities. It is a multidiscipl<strong>in</strong>arymultilocational<br />
program <strong>in</strong> which pathologists<br />
actively contribute (ICAR 1987). The Centers<br />
pursue work on particular groups of diseases <strong>in</strong><br />
l<strong>in</strong>e with the diseases' importance (Table 2).<br />
Present Knowledge<br />
Gra<strong>in</strong> molds<br />
The pr<strong>in</strong>cipal gra<strong>in</strong> mold fungi <strong>in</strong> <strong>India</strong> are<br />
Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, Phoma sorgh<strong>in</strong>a,<br />
Alternaria alternata, Exserohilum speciferum,<br />
Gonatobotrytis sp, and Aspergillus spp. To identify<br />
the resistance to these fungi, three screen<strong>in</strong>g<br />
methods were tested:<br />
Table 2. Research problems studied at the All <strong>India</strong> Coord<strong>in</strong>ated <strong>Sorghum</strong> Improvement Project<br />
(AICSIP) centers, <strong>India</strong>.<br />
A1CSIP Center Major emphasis<br />
Dharwad (Karnataka) <strong>Sorghum</strong> downy mildew, gra<strong>in</strong> molds, charcoal rot, fusarium stalk rot,<br />
ergot, rust, test<strong>in</strong>g and breed<strong>in</strong>g for resistance, <strong>in</strong>oculation techniques,<br />
crop-loss estimates, control by chemicals and agronomic practices, genetics<br />
and mechanism of resistance, multiple-disease resistance.<br />
Parbhani (Maharashtra) Charcoal rot, leaf spots, red stripe, gra<strong>in</strong> molds, screen<strong>in</strong>g and breed<strong>in</strong>g<br />
for resistance, red stripe control.<br />
lndore (Madhya Pradesh) Leaf spot, gra<strong>in</strong> molds, screen<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>in</strong>dividual leaf spots and identify<strong>in</strong>g<br />
multiple leaf spot resistant l<strong>in</strong>es, breed<strong>in</strong>g for resistance to leaf<br />
spots, test<strong>in</strong>g and breed<strong>in</strong>g for resistance to gra<strong>in</strong> molds<br />
Udaipur (Rajasthan) Screen<strong>in</strong>g and breed<strong>in</strong>g for resistance to leaf spot diseases, studies on<br />
Phoma sorgh<strong>in</strong>a and long smut, estimation of loss due to <strong>in</strong>dividual<br />
diseases.<br />
Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) Screen<strong>in</strong>g and breed<strong>in</strong>g for resistance to SDM, control of SDM, gra<strong>in</strong><br />
molds, screen<strong>in</strong>g for resistance to ergot, control of ergot.<br />
Palyam (Andhra Pradesh) Screen<strong>in</strong>g for resistance to gra<strong>in</strong> molds, control of gra<strong>in</strong> molds.<br />
Akola (Maharashtra) Screen<strong>in</strong>g and breed<strong>in</strong>g for resistance to ergot, screen<strong>in</strong>g and control of<br />
gra<strong>in</strong> molds.<br />
Navsari (Gujarat) Screen<strong>in</strong>g for leaf-spot resistance, screen<strong>in</strong>g and breed<strong>in</strong>g for resistance<br />
to head molds, screen<strong>in</strong>g for resistance and control of charcoal rot, and<br />
ergot.<br />
Bijapur (Karnataka) Screen<strong>in</strong>g and breed<strong>in</strong>g for resistance to charcoal rot.<br />
Rahuri (Maharashtra) Screen<strong>in</strong>g and breed<strong>in</strong>g for resistance to charcoal rot, control of charcoal<br />
rot.<br />
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