Sorghum Diseases in India

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Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Domsch, K.H., Gams, W., and Anderson, T.H. 1980. Compendium of soil fungi (2 volumes) London, UK: Academic Press. 859 and 405 pp. Doupnik, B., and Boosalis, M.G. 1975. Ecofallow reduced stalk rot in grain sorghum. Phytopathology 65:1021-1022. Edmunds, L.K. 1964. Combined relation of plant maturity, temperature, and soil moisture to charcoal stalk rot development in grain sorghum. Phytopathology 54514-517. Edmunds, L.K., Voight, R.L., and Carasso, EM. 1964. Use of Arizona climate to induce charcoal rot in grain sorghum. Plant Disease Reporter 48:300-302. Edmunds, L.K., and Zummo, N. 1975. Sorghum diseases in the United States and their control. United States. Department of Agriculture Handbook No, 469. Washington, DC, USA: US Government Printing Office. 47 pp. El-Shafey, H.A., and Refaat, M.M. 1978. Studies on the stalk rot diseases of grain sorghum in Egypt. Agricultural Research Review 56:71-79. (Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt) El-Shafey, H.A., Abid-El-Rahim, M.F., and Re* faat, M.M. 1979. A new Cephalosporium wilt of grain sorghum in Egypt. Pages 514-532 in Proceedings, Third Egyptian Phytopathological Congress. Forbes, G.A. and Crespo, L.B. 1982. Marchitamiento en sorgo causado por Acremonium striatum Gams. Information Tecnica 89, Argentina: Estacion Experimental Agripecuaria Manfredi, INTA. Frederiksen, R.A. 1984. Acremonium wilt. Pages 49-51 in Sorghum root and stalk rots, a critical review: proceedings of the Consultative Group Discussion on Research Needs and Strategies for Control of Soighum Root and Stalk Rot Diseases, 27 Nov-2 Dec 1983, Bellagio, Italy. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International 232 Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Frederiksen, R.A., Natural, M., Rosenow, D.T., Morton, J.B., and Odvody, G.N. 1980. Acremonium wilt of sorghum. Sorghum Newsletter 23:134. Frederiksen, R.A., Rosenow, D.T., and Natural, M. 1981. Acremonium wilt of sorghum, Pages 77-79 in Proceedings, 12th Biennial Grain Sorghum Research and Utilization Conference. Abernathy, TX, USA: Grain Sorghum Producers' Association. Frezzi, M., and Teyssandier, E.E. 1980. Summary and historical review of sorghum diseases in Argentina. Pages 11-15 in Sorghum diseases, a world review: proceedings of the International Workshop on Sorghum Diseases, 11-15 Dec 1978, ICRISAT, Hyberabad, India. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 469 pp. Harris, E. 1962. Diseases of guinea corn. Samaru Technical Notes 21-13. Henzell, R.G., Dodman, R.L., Done, A.A., Brengman, R.L., and Mayers, O.E. 1984. Lodging, stalk rot, and root rot in sorghum in Australia. Pages 225-236 in Sorghum root and stalk rots, a critical review: proceedings of the Consultative Group Discussion on Research Needs and Strategies for Control of Sorghum Root and Stalk Rot Diseases, 27 Nov-2 Dec 1983, Bellagio, Italy. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Henzell, R.G., and Gillieron, W. 1973. Effect of partial and complete panicle removal on the rate of death of some Sorghum bicolor genotypes under moisture stress. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences 30:291-299. Hesseltine, C.W., and Bothast, R.J. 1977. Mold development in ears of corn from tasseUing to harvest Mycologia 69:328-340. Hilderbrand, A. A., Miller, J.J., and Koch, L.W. 1945. Some studies on Macrophcmina phaseoli
(Maubi) Ashby in Ontario. Scientific Agriculture 25:690-706. Hoffmaster, D.E., and Tullis, E.C. 1944. Susceptibility of sorghum varieties to Macrophomina dry rot (charcoal rot). Plant Disease Reporter 28:1175-1184. Holliday, P., and Punithalingam, E. 1970. Macrophomina phaseolina. CMI Descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, No. 275. Kew, Surrey, UK: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. ICRISAT. 1980. Sorghum diseases, a world review, proceedings of the International Workshop on Sorghum Diseases, 11-15 Dec 1978, ICRISAT, Hyberabad, India. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 478 pp. ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). 1983. Annual Report. 1982. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: ICRISAT. Karganilla, A.D., and Exconde- O.R. 1972. Bacterial stalk rot of corn and sorghum. Philippine Phytopathologie 8-4 (abstract). King, S.B. 1973. Plant pathology annual report (sorghum): Major Cereals in Africa Project. Samara Nigeria: Institute of Agricultural Research. Khune, N.N. Shiwankar. S.K., and Wangikar, P.D. 1980. Effect of mixed cropping on the incidence of charcoal rot of sorghum. Food Farming and Agriculture 12:292-293. Leukel, R.W., Martin, J.H., and Lefebvre. GL. 1951. Sorghum diseases and their control. Farmers' Bulletin No. 1959. Washington, D.C., USA: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 50 pp. Maunder, A.B. 1984. Breeding for stalk rot resistance as a component of acceptable agronomic performance. Pages 219-224 in Sorghum root and stalk rots, a critical review: proceedings of the Consultative Group Discussion on Research Needs and Strategies for Control of Sorghum Root and Stalk Rot Diseases, 27 Nov-2 Dec 1983, Bellagio, Italy. Patancheru, A.R 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Mayers, P.E. 1976. The first recording of milo disease and Periconia circinata on sorghums in Australia, Australian Plant Pathology Society Newsletter 5:59-60. Mote, U.N., and Ramshe, D.G. 1980. Nitrogen application increases the incidence of charcoal rot in rabi sorghum cultivars. Sorghum Newsletter 23:129. Mughogho, L.K. 1982. Strategies for sorghum disease control. Pages 273-282 in Sorghum in the Eighties: proceedings of the International Symposium of Sorghum, 2-7 Nov 1981, ICRISAT Center, India. Pantancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Mughogho, L.K., and Pande, S. 1984. Charcoal rot of sorghum. Pages 11-24 in Sorghum root and stalk rots, a critical review: proceedings of the Consultative Group Discussion on Research Needs and Strategies for Control of Sorghum Root and Stalk Rot Diseases, 27 Nov-2 Dec 1983, Bellagio, Italy. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Norton, D.C. 1953. Linear growth of Sclerotium bataticola through soil. Phytopathology 32:633- 636. Norton, D.C 1958. The association of Pratylenchus hexincisus with charcoal rot of sorghum. Phytopathology 48:355-358. Odvody, G.N., and Dunkle, L.D. 1979. Charcoal stalk rot of sorghum: effect of environment in host-parasite relations. Phytopathology 69:250- 254. Partridge, J.E., Reed, J.E., Jensen, S.G. and Sidhu, G.S. 1984. Spatial and temporal succession of fungual species in sorghum stalks as affected by environment. Pages 59-78 in Sorghum root and stalk rots, a critical review: proceedings of the Consultative Group Discussion on Research Needs and Strategies for Control of Sorghum Root and Stalk Rot Diseases, 27 Nov-2 Dec 1983, Bellagio, Italy. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. 233
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Abstract Citation: de Milliano, W.A
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INTSORMIL USAID Title XII Collabora
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Foliar Diseases of Sorghum G.N. Odv
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Despite all the complexities of the
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Resistance to ergot in pearl millet
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Sorghum and Pearl Millet Pathology
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inicola), head mold (Curvularia lun
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to W. A. J. de Milliano and S. D. S
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Table 1. Area ('000 ha) sown to sor
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annual regional meetings have been
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sowing of the ZSV 1 spreader rows a
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Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Several entri
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References Angus, A. 1965. Annotate
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Sorghum Diseases in Eastern Africa
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The Striga spp are invariably a maj
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Sorghum Diseases in Western Africa
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or six leaves only towards maturity
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Odvody, G.N. 1986. Gray leaf spot.
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Table 1. Forage sorghum production
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References Japan: Ministry of Agric
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keting problems, absence of financi
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lines) and tar spot (51 resistant l
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Karganilla, A.D., and Elazegui, F.A
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espectively. Elevation above mean s
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Sorghum Diseases in India: Knowledg
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India Coordinated Sorghum Improveme
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more from disease than did those ma
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Sundaram (1977) reported control of
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Multiple disease resistance insect
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1976. Control of foliar diseases of
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Sorghum Diseases in Brazil C.R. Cas
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tention is therefore being given to
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deficit and high temperatures are c
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Sorghum Diseases in South America E
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term, proposed by Glueck et al. (19
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Sorghum Diseases in Central America
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Zonate leaf spot, a disease incited
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National Research Efforts Crop impr
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America: importancia, localizacion
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eilianum). Both hybrids have female
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Disease research conducted in Mexic
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een observed, the disease is potent
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Mexico, particularly in Tamaulipas.
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cion de variantes del virus del mos
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Figure 1. Agroecological sorghum-gr
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Table 2. Continued Common name Caus
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Even so, certain diseases have been
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Part 2 Regional and Country Reports
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S. hermonthica predominates in Sahe
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sibly through doubled haploids. An
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Sclerotia in the soil germinate to
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easily identified than ergot resist
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Appadurai, R., Parambaramani, G, an
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Ramakrishnan, T.S. 1963. Disease of
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Thakur, R.P., Rao, V.P., Williams,
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Downy Mildew The downy mildew organ
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Ekukole (1985) found a few infectio
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Selvaraj, J.C 1979. Research on pea
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Table 1. Area ('000 ha) sown to pea
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Foliar diseases Foliar diseases in
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Charcoal rot was observed in drough
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isms of Mozambique. Tropical Pest M
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and Australia. In India, the diseas
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more than a decade ago, rust would
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Ergot Disease of Pearl Millet: Toxi
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ghum, the other cereal important in
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Part 3 Current Status of Sorghum Di
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Table 1. Bacterial diseases of sorg
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upwards of 20 cm with the leaf and
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strains produced a hypersensitive r
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at room temperature, or overnight a
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and high humidity. The bacteria are
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Bacterial Streak Causal organism X.
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Figure 10. Xanthomonas campestris p
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incited by Pseudomonas andropogonis
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Detection and Identification of Vir
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observed. Testing for potential vec
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acid hybridization, cloning, and se
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Smith, B.J. 1984. SDS Polyacrylamid
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direct effects on sorghum seedling
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cumbing to preemergent damping-off
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Sorghum in the Eighties. Proceeding
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Table 1. Foliar pathogens of sorghu
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sclerotia or on leaf lesions are bo
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pathogen(s) being evaluated. Isogen
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the length of rotation necessary to
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Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D.T
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Nematode Pathogens of Sorghum J.L.
Page 191 and 192: greenhouse tests. Furthermore, he o
Page 193 and 194: of soil Typical symptoms of L. afri
Page 195: Norton, D.C. 1958. The association
Page 198 and 199: African farmers on impoverished soi
Page 200 and 201: Taxonomy and biosystematics In spit
Page 202 and 203: Information about this genus is not
Page 204 and 205: and Millets Improvement Program Bul
Page 206 and 207: ern and southern Africa. Framida wa
Page 208 and 209: lar genetics to isolate resistance
Page 210 and 211: Obilana, A.T. 1983b. Striga studies
Page 213 and 214: Anthracnose of Sorghum M.E.K. Ali 1
Page 215 and 216: ales and Frederiksen (1979) reporte
Page 217 and 218: sociation (GSPA) and Sorghum Improv
Page 219 and 220: Physiological Races of Colletotrich
Page 221 and 222: Gerais, and at Jatai, Goias from th
Page 223 and 224: Current Status of Sorghum Downy Mil
Page 225 and 226: oospores in the soil (Odvody and Fr
Page 227: corn and sorghum in south Texas. I:
Page 230 and 231: Eighteen papers in the proceedings
Page 232 and 233: iliforme var intermedium, E solani,
Page 234 and 235: Table 2. Lodging, soft stalk, and y
Page 236 and 237: Figure 2. Periodical lodging (%) in
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Lodging, soft stalk, nodes
Page 240 and 241: Mughogho, R. Bandyopadhyay, and S.
Page 244 and 245: Rosenow, D.T. 1980. Stalk rot resis
Page 246 and 247: green and slightly shriveled, in co
Page 248 and 249: pollination (Patil and Goud 1980),
Page 250 and 251: Table 1. Reported hosts and nonhost
Page 252 and 253: pathogen and epidemiology of the di
Page 254 and 255: Shaw, B.L, and Mantle, P.G. 1980a.
Page 256 and 257: Table 1. Comparison of sorghum smut
Page 258 and 259: Figure 2. Scanning electron microgr
Page 260 and 261: Table 2. Comparison of disease inte
Page 262 and 263: Natural, M. 1983. Ultrastructural a
Page 264 and 265: Khare 1982; El Shafie and Webster 1
Page 266 and 267: estricted to the pericarp, but pene
Page 268 and 269: other areas of research, including
Page 270 and 271: Resistance mechanisms In the last 1
Page 272 and 273: ulum dynamics in disease developmen
Page 274 and 275: Naik, S.M., Singh, S.D., and Mathur
Page 276 and 277: Glume Lemma- Ovarian locule Nucellu
Page 278 and 279: high levels of free phenolic compou
Page 280 and 281: 20 Figure 10. Free p-coumaric acid
Page 282 and 283: and glumes during development. Cere
Page 284 and 285: molds. In the early 1980s, sources
Page 286 and 287: Grains of all the F1S were brown an
Page 288 and 289: Table 2. Mean threshed grain mold r
Page 290 and 291: hardness and its relationship to di
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Table 5. Testa (B1-B2-) and spreade
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phenolic acids in mold-resistant so
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Part 4 Short Communications
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Abstract: Abstract: Sorghum disease
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Abstract: Studies on the biology of
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Part 5 Other Topics
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lated to seed-health requirements f
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Colletotrichum graminicola, the cau
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McGee, D.C. 1981. Seed pathology: i
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In recent years, the government has
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Table 1. Diseases and pathogens ide
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severities. Standard area diagrams
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Table 5. Yield and gray leaf spot s
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Cultivar CS 3541 is not.resistant t
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population densities for optimum yi
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example, in plant growth stage at w
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Using Germplasm from the World Coll
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for accurate evaluation of resistan
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most elite lines are placed eventua
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Using the World Germplasm Collectio
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that do not lodge are selected. Pos
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Part 6 Building for the Future
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orne conidia (asexual spores) of Pe
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fully established the pearl millet
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4. Using male sterile and fertile c
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of resistance to grain deterioratio
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a. We recommend that ICRISAT assemb
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Each member of the discussion group
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Appendix
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develop technologies that can enabl
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Dalmacio: Mainly due to lack of mar
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Vidyabhushanam: What are the diseas
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Guiragossian: Farmers and children
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Odvody: Heavier (clay) soils retain
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zeae of about 1000 nematodes in 100
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say, sooty stripe and leaf blight.
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the selection criterion that you ha
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cattle, but other studies suggest t
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If it is argued that oospore infect
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Craig: On the basis of our experien
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Vidyabhushanam: In the case of dise
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