Sorghum Diseases in India

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Obilana, A.T. 1983b. Striga studies and control in Nigeria. Pages 87-98 in Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Striga (Ramaiah, K.V., and Vasudeva Rao, M.J., eds.). Patancheru, India; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Obilana, A.T. 1987. Breeding cowpeas for Striga resistance. Pages 243-253. In Parasitic Weeds in Agriculture (Vol. I) (Musselman, L.J., ed.). Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press Inc. Obilana, A.T., Knepper, D., and Musselman, L.J. 1988. Striga (witchweeds) in Zimbabwe. Paper presented at the Fourth Regional SADCC/ ICRISAT Sorghum and Millet Improvement Program Workshop, 21-24 Sep 1987, Matapos, Zimbabwe. Obgorn, J.E.A. 1984. Research priorities in agronomy. Pages 195-212 in Proceedings, Workshop on the Biology and Control of Striga, 14-17 Nov 1983, Dakar, Senegal, (Ayensu et al., eds.). ICSU Press/IDRC. Ogborn, J.E.A. 1987. Striga control under peasant Farming conditions. Pages 145-158 in Parasitic weeds in agriculture Vol I. Striga (Musselman, L.J., ed.). Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press Inc. Parker, C. 1983. Striga: analysis of past research and summary of the problem. Pages 145-158 in Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Striga, 5-8 Oct 1981, IDRC/ICRISAT, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Pearson, H.H.W. 1913. The problem of the witchweed. South African Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Journal 4:34. Porters, R. 1952. Linear cultural sequences in primitive systems of agriculture in Africa and their significance. Sols Air. 2:15. Press, M.C., and Stewart, G.P. (In press). Growth and photosynthesis in Sorghum bicolor infected with Striga hermonthica. Annals of Botany. 200 Press, M.C., Tuohy, J.M., and Stewart, G.R. 1987a. Gas-exchange characteristics of the sorghum-Striga host-parasite association. Plant Physiology 84:814-819. Press, M.C., Shah, N., Tuohy, J.M., and Stewart G.R. (In press). Carbon isotope ratios demonstrate carbon flux from C4 host to C3 parasite. Plant Physiology. Press, M.C., Mallaburn, P., Nour, J., and Stewart, G.R. 1987b. The characterization of resistance and tolerance mechanism against the parasitic angiosperm Striga hermonthica. Annual Report 1986-87. Research project R 4022. London WCIE 6BT: University College London. Ralston, D.M., Riches, C.R., and Musselman, L.J. 1986. Morphology, floral syndrome, and host specificity oi Striga spp in Botswana. OICD Report. P.B. 0033 Gaborone, Botswana: Dept. of Agricultural Research. 41 pp. Ramaiah, K.V. 1984. Patterns of Striga resistance in sorghum and millets with special emphasis on Africa. Pages 71-92 in Striga: Biology and Control, Proceedings Workshop on the biology and control of Striga, 14-17 Nov 1983, Dakar, Senegal. ICSU Press/IDRC. Ramaiah, K.V. 1985. Hand pulling of Striga hermonthica on Pearl Millet. Tropical Pest Management 31(44):326-327. Ramaiah, K.V. 1987. Control of Striga and Orobanche species - a review. Pages 637-664 in Parasitic Flowering Plants (Weber, H.C. and Forstreuter, W., eds.). Hesse, Germany: Marburg an der Lahn. Ramaiah, K.V., Parker, G, Vasudeva Rao, M.J., and Musselman, L.J. 1983. Striga Identification and Control Hand Book. Information Bulletin no. 15. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics. 52 pp. Raynal-Roques, A. 1987. The genus Striga (Scrophulariaceae) in western and central Africa - a survey. Pages 675-689 in Parasitic Flowering Plants (Weber, H.C. and Forstreuter, W., eds.). Hesse, Germany: Marburg an der Lahn.
Riches, C.R., de Milliano, W.A.J., Obilana, A.T., and House, L.R. 1987. Witchweeds (Striga spp) of sorghum and pearl millet in the SADCC Region—Distribution and Control In Proceedings, Third Regional SADCC/ICRISAT Sorghum and Millet Improvement Project Workshop, Lusaka, Zambia, 20-25 Sep 1986. Saunders, A.R. 1933. Studies on phanerogamic parasitism with particular reference to Striga lutea. Bulletin No. 128. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Agricultural Science, South Africa. 56 pp. Saunders, A.R. 1942. Field experiments at Potchefstroom. A summary of investigations conducted during the period 1903-1940. South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science Bulletin 214:19-31,49-50. Shah, N., Smirnoff, N., and Stewart, G.R. 1987. Photosynthesis and stomatal characteristics of Striga hermonthica in relation to its parasitic habit. Physiologia Plantarum 69:699-703. Timson, S.D. 1931. Witchweed. Progress report and a warning. Rhodesia Agricultural Journal 28:1101-1111. Timson, S.D. 1934. Witchweed. Rhodesia Agricultural Journal 31:792-401. Vasudeva Rao, M.J., Chidley, V.L., and House, L.R. (In press). Estimates of grain yield losses caused in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) by Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntz obtained using the regression approach. ICRISAT Journal Article JA 718. Visser, J.H., and Botha, P.J. 1974. Chromatographic Investigation of the Striga seed germination stimulant. Zeitschrift fur Pflamzenphysiologie 72:352-358. 201
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Abstract Citation: de Milliano, W.A
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INTSORMIL USAID Title XII Collabora
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Foliar Diseases of Sorghum G.N. Odv
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Despite all the complexities of the
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Resistance to ergot in pearl millet
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Sorghum and Pearl Millet Pathology
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inicola), head mold (Curvularia lun
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to W. A. J. de Milliano and S. D. S
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Table 1. Area ('000 ha) sown to sor
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annual regional meetings have been
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sowing of the ZSV 1 spreader rows a
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Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Several entri
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References Angus, A. 1965. Annotate
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Sorghum Diseases in Eastern Africa
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The Striga spp are invariably a maj
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Sorghum Diseases in Western Africa
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or six leaves only towards maturity
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Odvody, G.N. 1986. Gray leaf spot.
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Table 1. Forage sorghum production
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References Japan: Ministry of Agric
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keting problems, absence of financi
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lines) and tar spot (51 resistant l
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Karganilla, A.D., and Elazegui, F.A
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espectively. Elevation above mean s
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Sorghum Diseases in India: Knowledg
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India Coordinated Sorghum Improveme
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more from disease than did those ma
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Sundaram (1977) reported control of
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Multiple disease resistance insect
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1976. Control of foliar diseases of
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Sorghum Diseases in Brazil C.R. Cas
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tention is therefore being given to
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deficit and high temperatures are c
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Sorghum Diseases in South America E
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term, proposed by Glueck et al. (19
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Sorghum Diseases in Central America
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Zonate leaf spot, a disease incited
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National Research Efforts Crop impr
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America: importancia, localizacion
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eilianum). Both hybrids have female
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Disease research conducted in Mexic
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een observed, the disease is potent
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Mexico, particularly in Tamaulipas.
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cion de variantes del virus del mos
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Figure 1. Agroecological sorghum-gr
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Table 2. Continued Common name Caus
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Even so, certain diseases have been
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Part 2 Regional and Country Reports
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S. hermonthica predominates in Sahe
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sibly through doubled haploids. An
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Sclerotia in the soil germinate to
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easily identified than ergot resist
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Appadurai, R., Parambaramani, G, an
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Ramakrishnan, T.S. 1963. Disease of
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Thakur, R.P., Rao, V.P., Williams,
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Downy Mildew The downy mildew organ
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Ekukole (1985) found a few infectio
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Selvaraj, J.C 1979. Research on pea
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Table 1. Area ('000 ha) sown to pea
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Foliar diseases Foliar diseases in
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Charcoal rot was observed in drough
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isms of Mozambique. Tropical Pest M
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and Australia. In India, the diseas
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more than a decade ago, rust would
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Ergot Disease of Pearl Millet: Toxi
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ghum, the other cereal important in
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Part 3 Current Status of Sorghum Di
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Table 1. Bacterial diseases of sorg
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upwards of 20 cm with the leaf and
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strains produced a hypersensitive r
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at room temperature, or overnight a
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and high humidity. The bacteria are
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Bacterial Streak Causal organism X.
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Figure 10. Xanthomonas campestris p
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Page 163 and 164: Detection and Identification of Vir
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Page 169: Smith, B.J. 1984. SDS Polyacrylamid
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Page 176 and 177: Sorghum in the Eighties. Proceeding
Page 178 and 179: Table 1. Foliar pathogens of sorghu
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Page 182 and 183: pathogen(s) being evaluated. Isogen
Page 184 and 185: the length of rotation necessary to
Page 186 and 187: Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D.T
Page 189 and 190: Nematode Pathogens of Sorghum J.L.
Page 191 and 192: greenhouse tests. Furthermore, he o
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Page 195: Norton, D.C. 1958. The association
Page 198 and 199: African farmers on impoverished soi
Page 200 and 201: Taxonomy and biosystematics In spit
Page 202 and 203: Information about this genus is not
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Page 206 and 207: ern and southern Africa. Framida wa
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Page 213 and 214: Anthracnose of Sorghum M.E.K. Ali 1
Page 215 and 216: ales and Frederiksen (1979) reporte
Page 217 and 218: sociation (GSPA) and Sorghum Improv
Page 219 and 220: Physiological Races of Colletotrich
Page 221 and 222: Gerais, and at Jatai, Goias from th
Page 223 and 224: Current Status of Sorghum Downy Mil
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Page 227: corn and sorghum in south Texas. I:
Page 230 and 231: Eighteen papers in the proceedings
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Page 234 and 235: Table 2. Lodging, soft stalk, and y
Page 236 and 237: Figure 2. Periodical lodging (%) in
Page 238 and 239: Table 4. Lodging, soft stalk, nodes
Page 240 and 241: Mughogho, R. Bandyopadhyay, and S.
Page 242 and 243: Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: Inte
Page 244 and 245: Rosenow, D.T. 1980. Stalk rot resis
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Page 248 and 249: pollination (Patil and Goud 1980),
Page 250 and 251: Table 1. Reported hosts and nonhost
Page 252 and 253: pathogen and epidemiology of the di
Page 254 and 255: Shaw, B.L, and Mantle, P.G. 1980a.
Page 256 and 257: Table 1. Comparison of sorghum smut
Page 258 and 259: Figure 2. Scanning electron microgr
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Table 2. Comparison of disease inte
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Natural, M. 1983. Ultrastructural a
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Khare 1982; El Shafie and Webster 1
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estricted to the pericarp, but pene
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other areas of research, including
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Resistance mechanisms In the last 1
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ulum dynamics in disease developmen
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Naik, S.M., Singh, S.D., and Mathur
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Glume Lemma- Ovarian locule Nucellu
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high levels of free phenolic compou
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20 Figure 10. Free p-coumaric acid
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and glumes during development. Cere
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molds. In the early 1980s, sources
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Grains of all the F1S were brown an
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Table 2. Mean threshed grain mold r
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hardness and its relationship to di
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Table 5. Testa (B1-B2-) and spreade
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phenolic acids in mold-resistant so
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Part 4 Short Communications
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Abstract: Abstract: Sorghum disease
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Abstract: Studies on the biology of
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Part 5 Other Topics
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lated to seed-health requirements f
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Colletotrichum graminicola, the cau
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McGee, D.C. 1981. Seed pathology: i
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In recent years, the government has
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Table 1. Diseases and pathogens ide
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severities. Standard area diagrams
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Table 5. Yield and gray leaf spot s
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Cultivar CS 3541 is not.resistant t
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population densities for optimum yi
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example, in plant growth stage at w
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Using Germplasm from the World Coll
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for accurate evaluation of resistan
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most elite lines are placed eventua
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Using the World Germplasm Collectio
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that do not lodge are selected. Pos
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Part 6 Building for the Future
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orne conidia (asexual spores) of Pe
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fully established the pearl millet
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4. Using male sterile and fertile c
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of resistance to grain deterioratio
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a. We recommend that ICRISAT assemb
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Each member of the discussion group
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Appendix
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develop technologies that can enabl
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Dalmacio: Mainly due to lack of mar
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Vidyabhushanam: What are the diseas
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Guiragossian: Farmers and children
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Odvody: Heavier (clay) soils retain
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zeae of about 1000 nematodes in 100
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say, sooty stripe and leaf blight.
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the selection criterion that you ha
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cattle, but other studies suggest t
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If it is argued that oospore infect
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Craig: On the basis of our experien
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Vidyabhushanam: In the case of dise
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