Sorghum Diseases in India

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incited by Pseudomonas andropogonis. Plant Disease 68:910-913. Christopher, W.M., and Edgerton, C.W. 1930. Bacterial stripe diseases of sugarcane in Louisiana. Journal of Agricultural Research 41:259- 267. Claflin, L.E., Ramundo, B.A., Leach, J.E., and Erinle, I.D. 1987. Pseudomonas avenae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf stripe of pearl millet in Nigeria. Phytopathology 77:1766. Claflin, L.E., and Rosenow, D.T. 1983. Screening grain sorghum lines for resistance to bacterial stripe and streak. Biennial Grain Sorghum Research and Utilization Conference. Brownsville, TX. 13:101-403. Claflin, L.E, Vidaver, A.K., and Sasser, M. 1987. MXP, a semiselective medium for Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli Phytopathology 77: 730- 734. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 1987. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases. Map No. 395, Edition 3. Kew, Surrey UK: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 1987. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases. Map No. 39; Edition 5. Kew, Surrey, UK: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 1976. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases. Map No. 511, Edition 1. Kew, Surrey, UK: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 1973. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases. Map No. 495, Edition 1. Kew, Surrey, UK: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. DeBlas, A.L., and Cerwinski, H.M. 1983. Detection of antigens on nitrocellulose paper immunoblots with monoclonal antibodies. Analytical Biochemistry 133214-219. Elliott, C.1929. A bacterial stripe disease of sorghum. Journal of Agricultural Research 38:1-22. 150 Elliott, C. 1930. Bacterial streak disease of sorghums. Journal of Agricultural Research 40:963- 976. Gaudet,D.A., and Kokko, E.G. 1986. Seedling disease of sorghum grown in Southern Alberta caused by seedborne Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 8:208-217. Gitaitis, R.D., Miller, J., and Wells, H.D. 1983. Bacterial leaf spot of white clover in Georgia. Plant Disease 67:913-914. Hagborg, W.A.E 1970. A device for injecting solutions and suspensions into thin leaves of plants. Canadian Journal of Botany 48:1135-1136. Hale, C.N., and Wilkie, J.P. 1972. Bacterial leaf stripe of sorghum caused by Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 15:457-460. Hayward, A.C. 1972. A bacterial disease of clover in Hawaii. Plant Disease Reporter 56:446- 450. Hayward, A.C., and Waterston, J.M. 1965. Pseudomonas syringae. Descriptions of pathogenic fungi and bacteria, No. 46. Kew, Surrey, UK: Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Jensen, S.G., Mayberry, W.R., and Obrigawitch, J.A. 1986. Identification of Erwinia chrysanthemi as a soft-rot-inducing pathogen of grain sorghum. Plant Disease 70:593-596. Kendrick, J.B. 1926. Holcus bacterial spot on species of Holcus and Zea mays. Phytopathology 16:236-237. King, E.O., Ward, M.K., and Raney, D.E.1954. Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin. Journal of Laboratory Medicine 44:301-307. Lazo, G.R., Roffey, It, and Gabriel, D.W. 1987. Pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris are distinguishable by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 37:214-221.
Leach, J.E., Ramundo, B.A., Pearson, D.L., and Claflin, L.E. 1987. Dot-immunobinding assay for detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv holcicola in sorghum. Plant Disease 71:30-33. Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., and Sambrock, J. 1982. Molecular Cloning Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Mew, T.W. 1987. Current status and future prospects of research on bacterial blight of rice. Annual Review of Phytopathology 25:359-382. Moffett, M.L., Hayward, A.C., and Fahy, P.C 1986. Five new hosts of Pseudomonas andropogonis occurring in Eastern Australia: host range and characterization of isolates. Plant Pathology 35:34-43. Mohan, S.K., and Schaad, N.W. 1987. An improved agar plating assay for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae and P. s. pv phaseolicola in contaminated bean seed. Phytopathology 77:1390-1395. Noble, M., and Richardson, M.J. 1968. An annotated list of seed-borne diseases. 2nd. edn. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Phytopathological Papers 8:138. Qhobela, M., and Claflin, L.E. 1987. Identification of the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum). Phytopathology 77:1767. Rosen, H.R. 1922. A bacterial disease of foxtail (Chaetochloa lutescens). Annuals of Missouri Botanical Garden 9:333-388. Rothwell, A., and Hayward, A.C., 1964. A bacterial disease of bougainvillea. Rhodesian Journal of Agricultural Research 2:97-99. Schaad, N.W., Kado, C.I., and Sumner, D.R. 1975. Synonymy of Pseudomonas avenae Manns 1905 and Pseudomonas alboprecipitans Rosen. 1922. International Journal of Systemic Bacteriology 25:133-137. Shakya, D.D., Vinther, F., and Mathur, S.B. 1985. Worldwide distribution of a bacterial stripe pathogen of rice identified as Pseudomonas avenae. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 114: 256- 259. Shepard, H., and Polisky, B. 1979. Methods in Enzymology. Wu, R. (ed.). New York, NY, USA: Academic Press. Stall, R.E., Loschke, D.C., and Jones, J.B. 1986. Linkage of copper, resistance and avirulence loci on a self-transmissible plasmid in Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria. Phytopathology 76:240- 243. Vidaver, A.K., and Carlson, R.R., 1978. Leaf spot of field corn caused by Pseudomonas andropogonis. Plant Disease Reporter 62:213-216. Watson, D.R.W. 1971. A bacterial pathogen of sorghum in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 14:944-947. Zummo, N. 1976. Yellow leaf blotch: A new bacterial disease of sorghum maize, and millet in West Africa. Plant Disease Reporter 60:798-799. Zummo, N. 1984. Sorghum diseases in West Africa: An illustrated text. Washington, DC, USA: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and US Agency for International Development. Zummo, N., and Freeman, K.C. 1975. Bacterial sun spot, a new disease of sugarcane and sweet sorghum. Sugarcane Pathology Newsletter 13/14:15-46. 151
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Abstract Citation: de Milliano, W.A
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INTSORMIL USAID Title XII Collabora
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Foliar Diseases of Sorghum G.N. Odv
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Despite all the complexities of the
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Resistance to ergot in pearl millet
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Sorghum and Pearl Millet Pathology
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inicola), head mold (Curvularia lun
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to W. A. J. de Milliano and S. D. S
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Table 1. Area ('000 ha) sown to sor
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annual regional meetings have been
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sowing of the ZSV 1 spreader rows a
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Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Several entri
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References Angus, A. 1965. Annotate
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Sorghum Diseases in Eastern Africa
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The Striga spp are invariably a maj
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Sorghum Diseases in Western Africa
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or six leaves only towards maturity
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Odvody, G.N. 1986. Gray leaf spot.
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Table 1. Forage sorghum production
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References Japan: Ministry of Agric
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keting problems, absence of financi
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lines) and tar spot (51 resistant l
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Karganilla, A.D., and Elazegui, F.A
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espectively. Elevation above mean s
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Sorghum Diseases in India: Knowledg
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India Coordinated Sorghum Improveme
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more from disease than did those ma
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Sundaram (1977) reported control of
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Multiple disease resistance insect
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1976. Control of foliar diseases of
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Sorghum Diseases in Brazil C.R. Cas
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tention is therefore being given to
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deficit and high temperatures are c
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Sorghum Diseases in South America E
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term, proposed by Glueck et al. (19
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Sorghum Diseases in Central America
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Zonate leaf spot, a disease incited
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National Research Efforts Crop impr
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America: importancia, localizacion
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eilianum). Both hybrids have female
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Disease research conducted in Mexic
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een observed, the disease is potent
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Mexico, particularly in Tamaulipas.
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cion de variantes del virus del mos
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Figure 1. Agroecological sorghum-gr
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Table 2. Continued Common name Caus
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Even so, certain diseases have been
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Part 2 Regional and Country Reports
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S. hermonthica predominates in Sahe
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sibly through doubled haploids. An
Page 110 and 111: Sclerotia in the soil germinate to
Page 112 and 113: easily identified than ergot resist
Page 114 and 115: Appadurai, R., Parambaramani, G, an
Page 116 and 117: Ramakrishnan, T.S. 1963. Disease of
Page 118 and 119: Thakur, R.P., Rao, V.P., Williams,
Page 120 and 121: Downy Mildew The downy mildew organ
Page 122 and 123: Ekukole (1985) found a few infectio
Page 124 and 125: Selvaraj, J.C 1979. Research on pea
Page 126 and 127: Table 1. Area ('000 ha) sown to pea
Page 128 and 129: Foliar diseases Foliar diseases in
Page 130 and 131: Charcoal rot was observed in drough
Page 132 and 133: isms of Mozambique. Tropical Pest M
Page 134 and 135: and Australia. In India, the diseas
Page 136 and 137: more than a decade ago, rust would
Page 139 and 140: Ergot Disease of Pearl Millet: Toxi
Page 141 and 142: ghum, the other cereal important in
Page 143: Part 3 Current Status of Sorghum Di
Page 146 and 147: Table 1. Bacterial diseases of sorg
Page 148 and 149: upwards of 20 cm with the leaf and
Page 150 and 151: strains produced a hypersensitive r
Page 152 and 153: at room temperature, or overnight a
Page 154 and 155: and high humidity. The bacteria are
Page 156 and 157: Bacterial Streak Causal organism X.
Page 158 and 159: Figure 10. Xanthomonas campestris p
Page 163 and 164: Detection and Identification of Vir
Page 165 and 166: observed. Testing for potential vec
Page 167 and 168: acid hybridization, cloning, and se
Page 169: Smith, B.J. 1984. SDS Polyacrylamid
Page 172 and 173: direct effects on sorghum seedling
Page 174 and 175: cumbing to preemergent damping-off
Page 176 and 177: Sorghum in the Eighties. Proceeding
Page 178 and 179: Table 1. Foliar pathogens of sorghu
Page 180 and 181: sclerotia or on leaf lesions are bo
Page 182 and 183: pathogen(s) being evaluated. Isogen
Page 184 and 185: the length of rotation necessary to
Page 186 and 187: Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D.T
Page 189 and 190: Nematode Pathogens of Sorghum J.L.
Page 191 and 192: greenhouse tests. Furthermore, he o
Page 193 and 194: of soil Typical symptoms of L. afri
Page 195: Norton, D.C. 1958. The association
Page 198 and 199: African farmers on impoverished soi
Page 200 and 201: Taxonomy and biosystematics In spit
Page 202 and 203: Information about this genus is not
Page 204 and 205: and Millets Improvement Program Bul
Page 206 and 207: ern and southern Africa. Framida wa
Page 208 and 209: lar genetics to isolate resistance
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Obilana, A.T. 1983b. Striga studies
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Anthracnose of Sorghum M.E.K. Ali 1
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ales and Frederiksen (1979) reporte
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sociation (GSPA) and Sorghum Improv
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Physiological Races of Colletotrich
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Gerais, and at Jatai, Goias from th
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Current Status of Sorghum Downy Mil
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oospores in the soil (Odvody and Fr
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corn and sorghum in south Texas. I:
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Eighteen papers in the proceedings
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iliforme var intermedium, E solani,
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Table 2. Lodging, soft stalk, and y
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Figure 2. Periodical lodging (%) in
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Table 4. Lodging, soft stalk, nodes
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Mughogho, R. Bandyopadhyay, and S.
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Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: Inte
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Rosenow, D.T. 1980. Stalk rot resis
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green and slightly shriveled, in co
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pollination (Patil and Goud 1980),
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Table 1. Reported hosts and nonhost
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pathogen and epidemiology of the di
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Shaw, B.L, and Mantle, P.G. 1980a.
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Table 1. Comparison of sorghum smut
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Figure 2. Scanning electron microgr
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Table 2. Comparison of disease inte
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Natural, M. 1983. Ultrastructural a
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Khare 1982; El Shafie and Webster 1
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estricted to the pericarp, but pene
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other areas of research, including
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Resistance mechanisms In the last 1
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ulum dynamics in disease developmen
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Naik, S.M., Singh, S.D., and Mathur
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Glume Lemma- Ovarian locule Nucellu
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high levels of free phenolic compou
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20 Figure 10. Free p-coumaric acid
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and glumes during development. Cere
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molds. In the early 1980s, sources
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Grains of all the F1S were brown an
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Table 2. Mean threshed grain mold r
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hardness and its relationship to di
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Table 5. Testa (B1-B2-) and spreade
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phenolic acids in mold-resistant so
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Part 4 Short Communications
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Abstract: Abstract: Sorghum disease
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Abstract: Studies on the biology of
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Part 5 Other Topics
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lated to seed-health requirements f
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Colletotrichum graminicola, the cau
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McGee, D.C. 1981. Seed pathology: i
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In recent years, the government has
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Table 1. Diseases and pathogens ide
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severities. Standard area diagrams
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Table 5. Yield and gray leaf spot s
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Cultivar CS 3541 is not.resistant t
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population densities for optimum yi
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example, in plant growth stage at w
Page 329 and 330:
Using Germplasm from the World Coll
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for accurate evaluation of resistan
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most elite lines are placed eventua
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Using the World Germplasm Collectio
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that do not lodge are selected. Pos
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Part 6 Building for the Future
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orne conidia (asexual spores) of Pe
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fully established the pearl millet
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4. Using male sterile and fertile c
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of resistance to grain deterioratio
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a. We recommend that ICRISAT assemb
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Each member of the discussion group
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Appendix
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develop technologies that can enabl
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Dalmacio: Mainly due to lack of mar
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Vidyabhushanam: What are the diseas
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Guiragossian: Farmers and children
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Odvody: Heavier (clay) soils retain
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zeae of about 1000 nematodes in 100
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say, sooty stripe and leaf blight.
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the selection criterion that you ha
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cattle, but other studies suggest t
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If it is argued that oospore infect
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Craig: On the basis of our experien
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Vidyabhushanam: In the case of dise
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