Sorghum Diseases in India

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Appadurai, R., Parambaramani, G, and Natarajan, U.S. 1975. Note on the inheritance of susceptibility of pearl millet to downy mildew. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 45:179- 180. Ball, S.L. 1983. Pathogenic variability of downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola) on pearl millet. I. Host cultivar reactions to infection by different pathogen isolates. Annals of Applied Biology 102257-264. Ball, S.L, Pike, D.J., and Burridge, C.Y. 1986. Characterization of populations of Sclerospora graminicola. Annals of Applied Biology 108:519- 526. Basavaraj, R., Safeeulla, K.M., and Murty, B.R. 1980. The role of gene effects and heterosis for resistance to downy mildew in pearl millet. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 40:537-548. Bhadur, P., Singh, S., Sinha, V.C., Goel, L.B., and Sharma, S.K. 1975. Note on the laboratory evaluation of some systemic fungicides against cereal rusts. Indian Journal of Agriculture Sciences 45:274-275. Bhat, R.V., Roy, D.N., and Tulpule, P.G 1976. The nature of alkaloids of ergoty pearl millet or bajra and its comparison with alkaloids of ergoty rye and ergoty wheat. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 36:11-17. Bhatt, R.S. 1946. Studies in the Ustilaginales. 1. The mode of infection of the bajra plant (Pennisetum typhoides Stapf. & Hubbard) by the smut, Tolyposporium penicillariae Bref. Journal of Indian Botanical Society 25:163-186. Bhide, V.P., and Hegde, R.K. 1957. Ergot of bajra Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf. and Hubb. in Bombay State. Current Science 26:116. Butler, E.J. 1907. Some diseases of cereals caused by Sclerospora graminicola. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India. Botanical Series 2:1-24. Chevalier A. 1931. Une maladie de penicillaire au Senegal. Revue de Botanique Appliquee 11:49-50. 104 Clafiln, L.E., Ramundo, B.A., Leach, J.E., and Erinle, I.D. 1987. Pseudomonas avenae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf stripe of pearl millet in Nigeria. Phytopathology 77:1766. (Abstract) Dang, J.K., Thakur, D.R, and Grover, R.K. 1983. Control of pearl millet downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola with systemic fungicides in an artificially-contaminated plot. Annals of Applied Biology 102:99-106. Deshmukh, S.S., Mayee, C.D., and Kulkarni, B.S. 1978. Reduction of downy mildew of pearl millet with fertilizer management. Phytopathology 68:1350-1353. Ferrais, R. 1973. Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides). Review Series 1/1973. Commonwealth Bureau of Pastures and Field Crops, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berks SL6 5LR, UK. 70 pp. Gill, K.S., Phul, P.S., Chahal, S.S., and Singh, N.B. 1978. The role of gene effects and heterosis for resistance to downy mildew in pearl millet. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 40:537-548. Girard, J.C 1975. Downy mildew of pearl millet in Senegal. Pages 59-73 in Proceedings of Consultants' Group Meetings on Downy Mildew and Ergot of Pearl Millet, 1-3 Oct. 1975, ICRI- SAT, Hyderabad, India. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. Hanna, W.W., Wells, H.D., and Burton, G.W. 1985. Dominant gene for rust resistance in pearl millet. Journal of Heredity 76:134. ICRISAT. 1985. Pearl millet. Pages 81-103 in Annual Report 1984. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. ICRISAT. 1986. Report of the 1985 International Pearl Millet Downy Mildew Nursery (IPM- DMN). Progress Report MP 9.46. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, pp. 16. (Limited distribution.) ICRISAT. 1987a. Looking ahead: a 10-year plan. Patancheru, A.P 502 324, India: International
Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISAT. 1987b. Proceedings of the International Pearl Millet Workshop, 7-11 Apr 1986, ICRISAT Center, India. Patancheru, A.P. 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Idris, M.P., and Ball, S.L. 1984. Inter- and intracontinental sexual compatibility in Sclerospora graminicola. Plant Pathology 33:219-223. Jensen, S.G., Andrews, D.J., and DeVries, N.E. 1983. Reactions of pearl millet germplasm from the world collection to maize dwarf mosaic virus strains A and B. Plant Disease 67:1105-1108. Jones, W.K. 1955. Further experiments on witchweed control: II. The existence of physiological strains of Striga hermonthica. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture 23:206-213. Kandasamy, D., Sivaprakasam, K., and Krishnamurty, C.S. 1971. An observation of the different levels of nitrogen on the incidence of rust disease of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Stapf. and Hubb.). Plant and Soil 34:757-760. Kapooria, R.G. 1972. On the chemical control of Puccinia penniseti. Ghana Journal of Science 12:67-68. Kenneth, R. 1977. Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. Pages 96-99 in Diseases, Pests, and Weeds in Tropical Crops (Kranz, J., Schutterer, H., and Koch, W., eds.). Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany: Verlag, Paul Parey. King, S.B., and Zummo, N. 1977. Physiologic specialization in Striga hermonthica in western Africa. Plant Disease Reporter 61:770-773. Krishnamachari, K.A.V. R., and Bhat, R.V. 1976. Poisoning of ergoty bajra (pearl millet) in man. Indian Journal of Medical Research 64:1624-1628. Kukla, B., Thourenel, J.C., and Fauquet, C. 1984. A strain of guinea grass mosaic virus from pearl millet in the Ivory Coast. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift 109:65-73. Kulkarni, U.K. 1958. Studies on the development and cytology of Puccinia penniseti. Zimm. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 41:65-67. Loveless, A.R. 1967. Claviceps fusiformis sp. nov. the causal agent of agalactia of sows. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 50:15-18. Luttrell, E.S. 1954. Diseases of pearl millet in Georgia. Plant Disease Reporter 38:507-514. Melhus, I.E., Vanttaltera, F.H., and Bliss, D.E. 1928. A study of Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet. on Setaria viridis (1.) Beauv. and Zea mays L. Research Bulletin 111, Agricultural Experiment Station, Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames, Iowa. Michelmore, R.W., Pawar, M.N., and Williams, R.J. 1982. Heterothallism in Sclerospora graminicola. Phytopathology 72:1368-1372. Nene, Y.L., and Singh, S.D. 1976. Downy mildew and ergot of pearl millet. PANS 22:366-385. Parambaramani, C., Vkihyasekharan, P., and Kandaswamy, T.K. 1971. Preliminary studies on the use of new oxathin fungicides for control of some rusts. Madras Agricultural Journal 58:705-706. Phookan, A.K. 1987. Studies on pearl millet smut with special reference to pathogenic variability, inheritance of resistance and chemical control. Ph.D. thesis, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India. 116 pp. Pokhriyal, S.C, Unnikrishnan, K.V., Singh, B., Dass, It, and Patel, R.R. 1976. Combining ability of downy mildew resistant lines in pearl millet. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 36:403-409. Qhobela, M., and Claflin, L.E. 1987. Identification of the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke). Phytopathology 77:1767. (Abstract) Ramachar, P., and Cummins, G.B. 1965. The species of Puccinia on the Paniceae. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 25:7-60. 105
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Abstract Citation: de Milliano, W.A
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INTSORMIL USAID Title XII Collabora
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Foliar Diseases of Sorghum G.N. Odv
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Despite all the complexities of the
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Resistance to ergot in pearl millet
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Sorghum and Pearl Millet Pathology
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inicola), head mold (Curvularia lun
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to W. A. J. de Milliano and S. D. S
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Table 1. Area ('000 ha) sown to sor
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annual regional meetings have been
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sowing of the ZSV 1 spreader rows a
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Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Several entri
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References Angus, A. 1965. Annotate
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Sorghum Diseases in Eastern Africa
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The Striga spp are invariably a maj
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Sorghum Diseases in Western Africa
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or six leaves only towards maturity
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Odvody, G.N. 1986. Gray leaf spot.
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Table 1. Forage sorghum production
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References Japan: Ministry of Agric
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keting problems, absence of financi
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lines) and tar spot (51 resistant l
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Karganilla, A.D., and Elazegui, F.A
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espectively. Elevation above mean s
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Sorghum Diseases in India: Knowledg
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India Coordinated Sorghum Improveme
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more from disease than did those ma
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Sundaram (1977) reported control of
Page 63 and 64: Multiple disease resistance insect
Page 65 and 66: 1976. Control of foliar diseases of
Page 67 and 68: Sorghum Diseases in Brazil C.R. Cas
Page 69 and 70: tention is therefore being given to
Page 71 and 72: deficit and high temperatures are c
Page 73 and 74: Sorghum Diseases in South America E
Page 75 and 76: term, proposed by Glueck et al. (19
Page 77 and 78: Sorghum Diseases in Central America
Page 79 and 80: Zonate leaf spot, a disease incited
Page 81 and 82: National Research Efforts Crop impr
Page 83: America: importancia, localizacion
Page 86 and 87: eilianum). Both hybrids have female
Page 88 and 89: Disease research conducted in Mexic
Page 90 and 91: een observed, the disease is potent
Page 92 and 93: Mexico, particularly in Tamaulipas.
Page 94 and 95: cion de variantes del virus del mos
Page 96 and 97: Figure 1. Agroecological sorghum-gr
Page 98 and 99: Table 2. Continued Common name Caus
Page 100 and 101: Even so, certain diseases have been
Page 103: Part 2 Regional and Country Reports
Page 106 and 107: S. hermonthica predominates in Sahe
Page 108 and 109: sibly through doubled haploids. An
Page 110 and 111: Sclerotia in the soil germinate to
Page 112 and 113: easily identified than ergot resist
Page 116 and 117: Ramakrishnan, T.S. 1963. Disease of
Page 118 and 119: Thakur, R.P., Rao, V.P., Williams,
Page 120 and 121: Downy Mildew The downy mildew organ
Page 122 and 123: Ekukole (1985) found a few infectio
Page 124 and 125: Selvaraj, J.C 1979. Research on pea
Page 126 and 127: Table 1. Area ('000 ha) sown to pea
Page 128 and 129: Foliar diseases Foliar diseases in
Page 130 and 131: Charcoal rot was observed in drough
Page 132 and 133: isms of Mozambique. Tropical Pest M
Page 134 and 135: and Australia. In India, the diseas
Page 136 and 137: more than a decade ago, rust would
Page 139 and 140: Ergot Disease of Pearl Millet: Toxi
Page 141 and 142: ghum, the other cereal important in
Page 143: Part 3 Current Status of Sorghum Di
Page 146 and 147: Table 1. Bacterial diseases of sorg
Page 148 and 149: upwards of 20 cm with the leaf and
Page 150 and 151: strains produced a hypersensitive r
Page 152 and 153: at room temperature, or overnight a
Page 154 and 155: and high humidity. The bacteria are
Page 156 and 157: Bacterial Streak Causal organism X.
Page 158 and 159: Figure 10. Xanthomonas campestris p
Page 160 and 161: incited by Pseudomonas andropogonis
Page 163 and 164: Detection and Identification of Vir
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observed. Testing for potential vec
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acid hybridization, cloning, and se
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Smith, B.J. 1984. SDS Polyacrylamid
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direct effects on sorghum seedling
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cumbing to preemergent damping-off
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Sorghum in the Eighties. Proceeding
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Table 1. Foliar pathogens of sorghu
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sclerotia or on leaf lesions are bo
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pathogen(s) being evaluated. Isogen
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the length of rotation necessary to
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Frederiksen, R.A., and Rosenow, D.T
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Nematode Pathogens of Sorghum J.L.
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greenhouse tests. Furthermore, he o
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of soil Typical symptoms of L. afri
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Norton, D.C. 1958. The association
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African farmers on impoverished soi
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Taxonomy and biosystematics In spit
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Information about this genus is not
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and Millets Improvement Program Bul
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ern and southern Africa. Framida wa
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lar genetics to isolate resistance
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Obilana, A.T. 1983b. Striga studies
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Anthracnose of Sorghum M.E.K. Ali 1
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ales and Frederiksen (1979) reporte
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sociation (GSPA) and Sorghum Improv
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Physiological Races of Colletotrich
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Gerais, and at Jatai, Goias from th
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Current Status of Sorghum Downy Mil
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oospores in the soil (Odvody and Fr
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corn and sorghum in south Texas. I:
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Eighteen papers in the proceedings
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iliforme var intermedium, E solani,
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Table 2. Lodging, soft stalk, and y
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Figure 2. Periodical lodging (%) in
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Table 4. Lodging, soft stalk, nodes
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Mughogho, R. Bandyopadhyay, and S.
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Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India: Inte
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Rosenow, D.T. 1980. Stalk rot resis
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green and slightly shriveled, in co
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pollination (Patil and Goud 1980),
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Table 1. Reported hosts and nonhost
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pathogen and epidemiology of the di
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Shaw, B.L, and Mantle, P.G. 1980a.
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Table 1. Comparison of sorghum smut
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Figure 2. Scanning electron microgr
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Table 2. Comparison of disease inte
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Natural, M. 1983. Ultrastructural a
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Khare 1982; El Shafie and Webster 1
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estricted to the pericarp, but pene
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other areas of research, including
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Resistance mechanisms In the last 1
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ulum dynamics in disease developmen
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Naik, S.M., Singh, S.D., and Mathur
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Glume Lemma- Ovarian locule Nucellu
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high levels of free phenolic compou
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20 Figure 10. Free p-coumaric acid
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and glumes during development. Cere
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molds. In the early 1980s, sources
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Grains of all the F1S were brown an
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Table 2. Mean threshed grain mold r
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hardness and its relationship to di
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Table 5. Testa (B1-B2-) and spreade
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phenolic acids in mold-resistant so
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Part 4 Short Communications
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Abstract: Abstract: Sorghum disease
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Abstract: Studies on the biology of
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Part 5 Other Topics
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lated to seed-health requirements f
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Colletotrichum graminicola, the cau
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McGee, D.C. 1981. Seed pathology: i
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In recent years, the government has
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Table 1. Diseases and pathogens ide
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severities. Standard area diagrams
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Table 5. Yield and gray leaf spot s
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Cultivar CS 3541 is not.resistant t
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population densities for optimum yi
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example, in plant growth stage at w
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Using Germplasm from the World Coll
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for accurate evaluation of resistan
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most elite lines are placed eventua
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Using the World Germplasm Collectio
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that do not lodge are selected. Pos
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Part 6 Building for the Future
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orne conidia (asexual spores) of Pe
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fully established the pearl millet
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4. Using male sterile and fertile c
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of resistance to grain deterioratio
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a. We recommend that ICRISAT assemb
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Each member of the discussion group
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Appendix
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develop technologies that can enabl
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Dalmacio: Mainly due to lack of mar
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Vidyabhushanam: What are the diseas
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Guiragossian: Farmers and children
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Odvody: Heavier (clay) soils retain
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zeae of about 1000 nematodes in 100
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say, sooty stripe and leaf blight.
Page 372 and 373:
the selection criterion that you ha
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cattle, but other studies suggest t
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If it is argued that oospore infect
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Craig: On the basis of our experien
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Vidyabhushanam: In the case of dise
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