17.06.2013
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defects defects. See well formed XML deferred name resolution CREATE PROC command and, 396 defined, 184 defragmentation of indexes, 581–583 DEGREES function, 612 DELAY parameter (W AITFOR statements), 361 deleting with cascading actions, 165–170 cascading actions and, 165 DELETE statements (T-SQL ), 77–78 DELETE triggers, 456 deleted tables, defined, 210 rules, 183 tables (ERDs), 238–239 delta of UPD ATEs, 457, 459 de-normalization of data, 247–248 dependency chains, defined, 167 deploying reports, 531, 542 derived data, 226 derived tables basics of, 197–200 EXISTS operator and, 203 determinism, UDFs and, 423–425 Development Studio, executing package in, 558–561 diagramming databases adding relationships in diagramming tool, 245–247 diagrams, creating, 147–148, 150 diagrams, defined, 8–9 Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs). See Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) dictionary order sor ting, 264 DIFFERENCE function, 634 differential backups (databases), 577 dirty reads, locks and, 434–435 DISABLE command, indexes and, 582 DISABLE option (AL TER INDEX command), 289–290 664 disabling constraints, 179–180 disks databases on multiple, 130 size of databases and, 120 DISTINCT k eyword, 199 DISTINCT predicate, 64–67 DML (Data Manipulation Language) statements, 296 triggers, 452 T-SQL statements, 43 document par ts (XML) being well-formed, 479–480 declaration, 476–477 the document, 475–476 elements, 477–478 elements vs. attributes, 483 example, 480–483 nodes, 478–479 Document Type Definitions (DTDs), 486 domain constraints, 154–156 domain data (table columns), 7 domain listings, 48 Domain Name Ser vice (DNS), 26 DROP statement, 143–144 DROP_EXISTING option (CREA TE INDEX statement), 279–280 dropping defaults, 183 indexes, 290 triggers, 470 XML schema collections, 491–492 DTDs. See Document Type Definitions (DTDs) dumps backup set, 577 backup type, 576–577 destination, 577 options, 577 scheduling, 578 dynamic SQL , 344–346
E editing properties and objects, 242 relationships between tables, 243 table properties and objects, 242 elements vs. attribtues, 483 ELEMENTS option, 499 empty, defined, 477 XML, basics of, 475, 477–478 XML, content, 485–486 ELSE statements, 359–360 embedded spaces in object names, 19 empty elements, defined, 477 encrypting EncryptByAsmKey function, 601 EncryptByCert function, 601 EncryptByKey function, 602 EncryptByPassPhrase function, 602 views, 317–318 entity constraints, 157–160 entity data (table rows), 7 Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) adding relationships in diagramming tool, 245–247 check constraints, 244 defined, 9 fundamentals, 235–237 indexes/keys, 243–244 Properties window, 242 relationship lines, 244–245 relationships between tables, editing, 243 table properties and objects, editing, 242 tables, adding and deleting, 238–239 @@ERROR basics of, 380–381 stored procedures and, 381–384 string functions and, 641 error handling, 378–395 @@ERROR, 380–381 @@ERROR in sprocs, 381–385 EXP function WITH , 393 basics of, 378–379 custom error messages, 393–395 error arguments, 391–393 handling ahead of time, 384–390 inline errors, 379–380 manually raising errors, 390–393 message ID or message string, 390 old and new models, 379 severity, 390–391 state and, 391 errors in batches, 336, 337 custom error messages, 461 join order and, 101 syntax vs. runtime, 337 TRY/CATCH blocks and, 361–364, 381, 383–384 types of, 391 escalation, locks and, 438 ETL tool, 543 Event Handlers tab (package editor), 556–557 exclusive joins, defined, 88 exclusive locks, 439 EXEC (or EXECUTE) k eyword, 375 EXEC command basics of, 344–346 difficulties with, 346 functions in concatenation and, 348–349 scope of, 346–348 security contexts and, 348 stored procedures and, 132 UDFs and, 349 Execute P ackage Utility (SSIS), 558–560 Execution Options (Execute P ackage Utility), 560 EXISTS k ey, 269 EXISTS operator basics of, 200–203 IF ... ELSE statements and, 350 .exits data type method (XML), 492, 497–498 EXP function, 612 665 Index
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Programmer to Programmer Get more
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Beginning Microsoft SQL Ser ver® 2
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Beginning Microsoft SQL Ser ver® 2
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About the Author Experiencing his f
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Acknowledgments Over the years, the
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Contents Chapter 2:T ools of the T
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Contents xviii The CREATE Statement
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Contents xx Correlated Subqueries 1
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Contents xxii SORT_IN_TEMPDB 280 ON
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Contents xxiv Control-of-Flow State
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Contents xxvi How the SQL Ser ver L
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Contents Chapter 16: A Brief XML Pr
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Contents Chapter 19: Pla ying Admin
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Introduction The beginning user wil
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Introduction ❏ We show file names
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Introduction xxxvi ❏ Understand t
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 22 My
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade ❑ S
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 26 Ke
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 28 Th
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 30 lo
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 32 3.
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 34 Fi
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade Figur
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade Note
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade bcp i
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3 The Foundation Statements of T-SQ
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asic SELECT statement. Fire up the
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Now let’s try taking a little bit
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very few of your tables will have s
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Operator Example Usage Effect ALL,
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Chapter 3: The Foundation Statement
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WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43660, 43670
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AVG This one is for computing avera
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efore, but remove the two AS keywor
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You’ll get a result that is a bit
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What if we want to place conditions
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Let’s say, for example, that we w
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Chapter 3: The Foundation Statement
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City varchar(20) NOT NULL, State ch
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for it in the INSERT statement. For
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And sure enough, we get back the on
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Chapter 3: The Foundation Statement
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Chapter 3: The Foundation Statement
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Chapter 3: The Foundation Statement
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Chapter 4: JOINs 82 returned is in
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Chapter 4: JOINs 84 Using an INNER
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Chapter 4: JOINs 86 Uh, oh — this
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Chapter 4: JOINs How It Works Unlik
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Chapter 4: JOINs If we were to look
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Chapter 4: JOINs 92 What I’m tryi
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Chapter 4: JOINs 16 Mountain-500 Si
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Chapter 4: JOINs 96 Let’s use thi
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Chapter 4: JOINs 98 vendor. We’re
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Chapter 4: JOINs 100 Somehow, we lo
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Chapter 4: JOINs Try It Out FULL JO
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Chapter 4: JOINs Every time I teach
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Chapter 4: JOINs JOIN Sales.Special
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Chapter 4: JOINs Figure 4-1 As alwa
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Chapter 4: JOINs 110 CREATE TABLE U
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Chapter 4: JOINs There are two diff
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 6: Constraints At a more sp
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Chapter 6: Constraints We can then
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Chapter 6: Constraints A table can
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Chapter 6: Constraints FOREIGN KEY
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Chapter 6: Constraints How It Works
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Chapter 6: Constraints Cascading Ac
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Chapter 6: Constraints 166 This is
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Chapter 6: Constraints 168 FROM Ord
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Chapter 6: Constraints 170 Let’s
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Chapter 6: Constraints CHECK Constr
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Chapter 6: Constraints Defining a D
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Chapter 6: Constraints Ignoring Bad
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Chapter 6: Constraints Try running
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Chapter 6: Constraints Rules and De
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Chapter 6: Constraints Dropping Rul
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Chapter 6: Constraints 184 Restrict
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7 Adding More to Our Queries When I
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Building a Nested Subquery A nested
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While this works just fine, queries
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We’ll go back to the AdventureWor
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❑ Aliases are used in both querie
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Now let’s see this at work in our
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So let’s take this now and apply
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This join-based syntax, for example
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IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT ‘True’ FR
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The conversions can actually get a
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there are no other roll up records
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GROUP BY soh.OrderDate, sod.Product
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OUTPUT $action, inserted.Year, inse
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The long-standing, traditional view
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8 Being Normal: Normalization and O
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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9 SQL Ser ver Storage and Index Str
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Page Splits When a page becomes ful
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The point here is that what happens
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Page Splits — A First Look All of
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You may hear lots of bad things abo
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Navigating the Tree Figure 9-4 As I
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there was no link between the data.
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Root Non-Leaf Level Leaf Level Figu
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The CREATE INDEX Statement The CREA
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FILLFACTOR When SQL Server first cr
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works only if tempdb is on a separa
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Secondary XML Indexes Chapter 9: SQ
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occur, and that one or more non-lea
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isn’t room on the page, SQL Serve
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more administrator oriented and usu
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The Database Engine Tuning Advisor
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The output is far more self-describ
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We use a FILLFACTOR when we need to
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Chapter 9: SQL Server Storage and I
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Chapter 10: Views The preceding syn
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Chapter 10: Views 302 columns to a
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Chapter 10: Views Try It Out Using
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Chapter 10: Views 306 soh.SalesOrde
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Chapter 10: Views AW00000676 43659
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Chapter 10: Views NULL values will
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Chapter 10: Views Editing V iews wi
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Chapter 10: Views 314 There are fou
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Chapter 10: Views Editing Views in
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Chapter 10: Views 318 In addition,
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Chapter 10: Views 320 from the firs
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Chapter 10: Views You can get the y
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11 Writing Scripts and Batches Whet
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Next we have a DECLARE statement to
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I’m not going to pick any bones a
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Using @@IDENTITY @@IDENTITY is one
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How It Works What we’re doing in
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DECLARE @RowCount int; --Notice the
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When the editing tool encounters a
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When you think about it, this seems
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So, let’s try a quick query direc
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We now have our text file source fo
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Let’s build an example in the Adv
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DECLARE @InVar varchar(50); DECLARE
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-- This won’t work DECLARE @Numbe
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-- Now we’re run our conditional
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Out of the condition from inner con
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A Simple CASE A simple CASE takes a
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3 8 More Than One Apart 2 2 Ends Wi
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Now, I don’t know about you, but
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The WAITFOR statement does exactly
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IF @ErrorNo = 2714 -- Object exists
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Chapter 11: Writing Scripts and Bat
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Creat
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Dropp
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Suppl
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 374 [
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Confi
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Now,
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures SQL S
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 382 c
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures It wo
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 386 r
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 388 -
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Note
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 392 n
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures All t
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Sproc
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures When
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 400 @
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures I’d
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures match
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures There
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 408 f
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13 User-Defined Functions Well, her
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types!), except for BLOBs, cursors,
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We get back the same set as with th
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AS RETURN (SELECT BusinessEntityID,
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in your relational database. These
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AS BEGIN ( EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
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So, as you can see, we can actually
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Despite being schema-bound, this on
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14 Transactions and Locks This is o
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we are unable or do not want to com
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Figure 14-1 Data needed Data in cac
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Transaction 4 This transaction wasn
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Oops — problem!!! Transaction 2 h
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The only cure for this is setting y
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Exclusive Locks Exclusive locks are
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Also: ❑ The Sch-S is compatible w
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The syntax for switching between th
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As with most things in life, howeve
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purchased. Process 2 records sales;
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Chapter 14: Transactions and Locks
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Chapter 15: Triggers the world’s
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Chapter 15: Triggers WITH ENCRYPTIO
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Chapter 15: Triggers FOR|AFTER The
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Chapter 15: Triggers 458 To illustr
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Chapter 15: Triggers 460 IF EXISTS
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Chapter 15: Triggers ❑ Feeding de
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Chapter 15: Triggers Trigger Firing
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Chapter 15: Triggers Like regular t
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Chapter 15: Triggers The COLUMNS_UP
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Chapter 15: Triggers This is the sa
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Chapter 15: Triggers 472 we have th
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer So,
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Figu
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Elem
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer ❑
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer 482
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Name
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer The
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer 2. W
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer SQL
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer So,
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer If,
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer 496
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Note
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer RAW
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer AUTO
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer EXPL
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Chec
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer 508
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer 510
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer 512
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer The
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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer 516
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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19 Playing Administrator And so, he
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❑ Write the information to the ev
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Creating Jobs and Tasks Using Manag
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Let’s go ahead and move on to the
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Figure 19-8 Figure 19-9 Chapter 19:
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Figure 19-11 Figure 19-12 Chapter 1
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Backup and Reco very No database-dr
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❑ Differential: This might be ref
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❑ Simple: Under this model, the t
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The older DBCC commands are still s
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many rows inserted over time and th
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator T
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Appendix A: System Functions In add
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Appendix A: System Functions @@TOTA
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Appendix A: System Functions CHECKS
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Appendix A: System Functions SUM Th
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Appendix A: System Functions The de
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Appendix A: System Functions @@REMS
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Appendix A: System Functions Cert_I
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Appendix A: System Functions Encryp
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Appendix A: System Functions @@FETC
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Appendix A: System Functions CURREN
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Appendix A: System Functions SYSDAT
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Appendix A: System Functions GetRoo
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Appendix A: System Functions The ex
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Appendix A: System Functions RAND T
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Appendix A: System Functions ❑ IN
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Appendix A: System Functions ❑ Is
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Appendix A: System Functions FILEGR
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Appendix A: System Functions INDEX_
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IsCheckCnst IsConstraint IsDefault
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Appendix A: System Functions OBJECT
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Appendix A: System Functions TYPEPR
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Appendix A: System Functions The qu
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Appendix A: System Functions The SU
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Appendix A: System Functions ASCII
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Appendix A: System Functions The ch
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Appendix A: System Functions UNICOD
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Appendix A: System Functions CAST a
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Appendix A: System Functions HOST_I
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Appendix A: System Functions NULLIF
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Appendix A: System Functions 646 Pr
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Appendix A: System Functions Text a
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Appendix B: Very Simple Connectivit
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Appendix B: Very Simple Connectivit
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Appendix B: Very Simple Connectivit
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Appendix B: Very Simple Connectivit
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ABS function A ABS function, 611 AC
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closing tags closing tags, XML docu
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cryptographic functions (continued)
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EXPLICIT option EXPLICIT option bas
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IGNORE_DUP_KEY option (CREATE INDEX
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LOWER function LOWER function, 635
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online transaction-processing (OLTP
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query results query results alphabe
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scripts (continued) creating with M
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state state, basics of, 391 stateme
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transactions (continued) COMMIT TRA
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View Builder View Builder (Manageme
E<br />
editing<br />
properties and objects, 242<br />
relationships between tables, 243<br />
table properties and objects, 242<br />
elements<br />
vs. attribtues, 483<br />
ELEMENTS option, 499<br />
empty, defined, 477<br />
XML, basics of, 475, 477–478<br />
XML, content, 485–486<br />
ELSE statements, 359–360<br />
embedded spaces in object names, 19<br />
empty elements, defined, 477<br />
encrypting<br />
EncryptByAsmKey function, 601<br />
EncryptByCert function, 601<br />
EncryptByKey function, 602<br />
EncryptByPassPhrase function, 602<br />
views, 317–318<br />
entity constraints, 157–160<br />
entity data (table rows), 7<br />
Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs)<br />
adding relationships in diagramming tool,<br />
245–247<br />
check constraints, 244<br />
defined, 9<br />
fundamentals, 235–237<br />
indexes/keys, 243–244<br />
Properties window, 242<br />
relationship lines, 244–245<br />
relationships between tables, editing, 243<br />
table properties and objects, editing, 242<br />
tables, adding and deleting, 238–239<br />
@@ERROR<br />
basics of, 380–381<br />
stored procedures and, 381–384<br />
string functions and, 641<br />
error handling, 378–395<br />
@@ERROR, 380–381<br />
@@ERROR in sprocs, 381–385<br />
EXP function<br />
WITH , 393<br />
basics of, 378–379<br />
custom error messages, 393–395<br />
error arguments, 391–393<br />
handling ahead of time, 384–390<br />
inline errors, 379–380<br />
manually raising errors, 390–393<br />
message ID or message string, 390<br />
old and new models, 379<br />
severity, 390–391<br />
state and, 391<br />
errors<br />
in batches, 336, 337<br />
custom error messages, 461<br />
join order and, 101<br />
syntax vs. runtime, 337<br />
TRY/CATCH blocks and, 361–364, 381,<br />
383–384<br />
types of, 391<br />
escalation, locks and, 438<br />
ETL tool, 543<br />
Event Handlers tab (package editor), 556–557<br />
exclusive joins, defined, 88<br />
exclusive locks, 439<br />
EXEC (or EXECUTE) k eyword, 375<br />
EXEC command<br />
basics of, 344–346<br />
difficulties with, 346<br />
functions in concatenation and, 348–349<br />
scope of, 346–348<br />
security contexts and, 348<br />
stored procedures and, 132<br />
UDFs and, 349<br />
Execute P ackage Utility (SSIS), 558–560<br />
Execution Options (Execute P ackage Utility),<br />
560<br />
EXISTS k ey, 269<br />
EXISTS operator<br />
basics of, 200–203<br />
IF ... ELSE statements and, 350<br />
.exits data type method (XML), 492, 497–498<br />
EXP function, 612<br />
665<br />
Index
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