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Chapter 16: A Brief XML Primer Figure 16-1 Declaration 476 An Attribute is defined within the Opening tag of an element. Content between the opening and closing tags of an element is considered to be the “content” of that element. This can include raw text or other elements. Closing tag: every Opening tag must either be self-closing or have a closing tag. Attribute Attribute Declaration Opening Tag Attribute Opening Tag Element Content (Possibly Including Other Elements) Attribute Closing Tag Opening Tag Element Content (Possibly Including Other Elements) Closing Tag Closing Tag The Declaration is optional. If it exists, it must be first (even before white space) and follow a specific format. There is one and only one “root” element. All other elements must exist within the boundaries of that root element. Document The declaration is technically optional, but, as a practical matter, should always be included. If it exists, it must be the very first thing in the document. Nothing can be before the declaration, not even white space (spaces, carriage returns, tabs, whatever) — nothing.
The declaration is made with a special tag that begins with a question mark (which indicates that this tag is a preprocessor directive) and the xml moniker: The declaration has one required attribute (something that further describes the element) — the version. In the preceding example, we’ve declared that this is an XML document and also that it is to comply with version 1.0 (as of this writing, there is also a version 1.1, though you’ll want to stick with 1.0 wherever possible) of the XML specification. The declaration can optionally have one additional attribute — this one is called encoding, and it describes the nature of the character set this XML document utilizes. XML can handle a few different character sets, most notably UTF-16 and UTF-8. UTF-16 is essentially the Unicode specification, which is a 16-bit encoding specification that allows for most characters in use in the world today. The default encoding method is UTF-8, which is backward compatible to the older ASCII specification. A full declaration would look like this: Elements Elements that start with the letters xml are strictly forbidden by the specification — instead, they are reserved for future expansion of the language. Elements serve as a piece of glue to hold together descriptive information about something — it honestly could be anything. Elements define a clear start and end point for your descriptive information. Usually, elements exist in matched pairs of tags known as an opening tag and a closing tag. Optionally, however, the opening tag can be self-closing — essentially defining what is known as an empty element. The structure for an XML element looks pretty much as HTML tags do. An opening tag will begin with an opening angle bracket (): The exception to the rule is if the element is self-closing, in which case the closing angle bracket of the opening tag is preceded with a forward slash (/): Closing tags will look exactly like the opening tag (case sensitive), but start with a slash (/) before the name of the element it’s closing:
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Programmer to Programmer Get more
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Beginning Microsoft SQL Ser ver® 2
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Beginning Microsoft SQL Ser ver® 2
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About the Author Experiencing his f
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Acknowledgments Over the years, the
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Contents Chapter 2:T ools of the T
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Contents xviii The CREATE Statement
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Contents xx Correlated Subqueries 1
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Contents xxii SORT_IN_TEMPDB 280 ON
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Contents xxiv Control-of-Flow State
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Contents xxvi How the SQL Ser ver L
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Contents Chapter 16: A Brief XML Pr
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Contents Chapter 19: Pla ying Admin
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Introduction The beginning user wil
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Introduction ❏ We show file names
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Introduction xxxvi ❏ Understand t
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Chapter 1: RDBMS Basics: What Makes
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 22 My
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade ❑ S
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 26 Ke
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 28 Th
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 30 lo
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 32 3.
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade 34 Fi
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade Figur
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade Note
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Chapter 2: Tools of the Trade bcp i
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3 The Foundation Statements of T-SQ
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asic SELECT statement. Fire up the
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Now let’s try taking a little bit
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very few of your tables will have s
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Operator Example Usage Effect ALL,
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Chapter 3: The Foundation Statement
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WHERE SalesOrderID IN (43660, 43670
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AVG This one is for computing avera
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efore, but remove the two AS keywor
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You’ll get a result that is a bit
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What if we want to place conditions
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Let’s say, for example, that we w
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City varchar(20) NOT NULL, State ch
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for it in the INSERT statement. For
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And sure enough, we get back the on
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Chapter 4: JOINs 82 returned is in
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Chapter 4: JOINs 84 Using an INNER
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Chapter 4: JOINs 86 Uh, oh — this
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Chapter 4: JOINs How It Works Unlik
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Chapter 4: JOINs If we were to look
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Chapter 4: JOINs 92 What I’m tryi
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Chapter 4: JOINs 16 Mountain-500 Si
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Chapter 4: JOINs 96 Let’s use thi
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Chapter 4: JOINs 98 vendor. We’re
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Chapter 4: JOINs 100 Somehow, we lo
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Chapter 4: JOINs Try It Out FULL JO
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Chapter 4: JOINs Every time I teach
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Chapter 4: JOINs JOIN Sales.Special
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Chapter 4: JOINs Figure 4-1 As alwa
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Chapter 4: JOINs 110 CREATE TABLE U
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Chapter 4: JOINs There are two diff
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Chapter 5: Creating and Altering Ta
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Chapter 6: Constraints At a more sp
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Chapter 6: Constraints We can then
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Chapter 6: Constraints A table can
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Chapter 6: Constraints FOREIGN KEY
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Chapter 6: Constraints How It Works
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Chapter 6: Constraints Cascading Ac
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Chapter 6: Constraints 166 This is
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Chapter 6: Constraints 168 FROM Ord
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Chapter 6: Constraints 170 Let’s
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Chapter 6: Constraints CHECK Constr
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Chapter 6: Constraints Defining a D
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Chapter 6: Constraints Ignoring Bad
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Chapter 6: Constraints Try running
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Chapter 6: Constraints Rules and De
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Chapter 6: Constraints Dropping Rul
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Chapter 6: Constraints 184 Restrict
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7 Adding More to Our Queries When I
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Building a Nested Subquery A nested
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While this works just fine, queries
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We’ll go back to the AdventureWor
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❑ Aliases are used in both querie
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Now let’s see this at work in our
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So let’s take this now and apply
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This join-based syntax, for example
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IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT ‘True’ FR
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The conversions can actually get a
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there are no other roll up records
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GROUP BY soh.OrderDate, sod.Product
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OUTPUT $action, inserted.Year, inse
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The long-standing, traditional view
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8 Being Normal: Normalization and O
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Chapter 8: Being Normal: Normalizat
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9 SQL Ser ver Storage and Index Str
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Page Splits When a page becomes ful
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The point here is that what happens
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Page Splits — A First Look All of
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You may hear lots of bad things abo
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Navigating the Tree Figure 9-4 As I
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there was no link between the data.
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Root Non-Leaf Level Leaf Level Figu
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The CREATE INDEX Statement The CREA
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FILLFACTOR When SQL Server first cr
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works only if tempdb is on a separa
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Secondary XML Indexes Chapter 9: SQ
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occur, and that one or more non-lea
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isn’t room on the page, SQL Serve
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more administrator oriented and usu
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The Database Engine Tuning Advisor
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The output is far more self-describ
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We use a FILLFACTOR when we need to
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Chapter 9: SQL Server Storage and I
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Chapter 10: Views The preceding syn
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Chapter 10: Views 302 columns to a
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Chapter 10: Views Try It Out Using
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Chapter 10: Views 306 soh.SalesOrde
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Chapter 10: Views AW00000676 43659
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Chapter 10: Views NULL values will
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Chapter 10: Views Editing V iews wi
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Chapter 10: Views 314 There are fou
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Chapter 10: Views Editing Views in
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Chapter 10: Views 318 In addition,
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Chapter 10: Views 320 from the firs
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Chapter 10: Views You can get the y
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11 Writing Scripts and Batches Whet
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Next we have a DECLARE statement to
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I’m not going to pick any bones a
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Using @@IDENTITY @@IDENTITY is one
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How It Works What we’re doing in
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DECLARE @RowCount int; --Notice the
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When the editing tool encounters a
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When you think about it, this seems
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So, let’s try a quick query direc
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We now have our text file source fo
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Let’s build an example in the Adv
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DECLARE @InVar varchar(50); DECLARE
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-- This won’t work DECLARE @Numbe
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-- Now we’re run our conditional
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Out of the condition from inner con
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A Simple CASE A simple CASE takes a
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3 8 More Than One Apart 2 2 Ends Wi
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Now, I don’t know about you, but
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The WAITFOR statement does exactly
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IF @ErrorNo = 2714 -- Object exists
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Chapter 11: Writing Scripts and Bat
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Creat
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Dropp
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Suppl
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 374 [
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Confi
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Now,
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures SQL S
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 382 c
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures It wo
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 386 r
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 388 -
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Note
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 392 n
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures All t
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures Sproc
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures When
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 400 @
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures I’d
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures match
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures There
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Chapter 12: Stored Procedures 408 f
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13 User-Defined Functions Well, her
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types!), except for BLOBs, cursors,
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We get back the same set as with th
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AS RETURN (SELECT BusinessEntityID,
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in your relational database. These
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AS BEGIN ( EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
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So, as you can see, we can actually
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Chapter 17: Reporting for Duty, Sir
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Chapter 18: Getting Integrated with
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19 Playing Administrator And so, he
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❑ Write the information to the ev
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Creating Jobs and Tasks Using Manag
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Let’s go ahead and move on to the
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Figure 19-8 Figure 19-9 Chapter 19:
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Figure 19-11 Figure 19-12 Chapter 1
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Backup and Reco very No database-dr
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❑ Differential: This might be ref
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❑ Simple: Under this model, the t
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The older DBCC commands are still s
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many rows inserted over time and th
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Chapter 19: Playing Administrator T
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Appendix A: System Functions In add
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Appendix A: System Functions @@TOTA
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Appendix A: System Functions CHECKS
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Appendix A: System Functions SUM Th
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Appendix A: System Functions The de
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Appendix A: System Functions @@REMS
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Appendix A: System Functions Cert_I
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Appendix A: System Functions Encryp
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Appendix A: System Functions @@FETC
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Appendix A: System Functions CURREN
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Appendix A: System Functions SYSDAT
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Appendix A: System Functions GetRoo
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Appendix A: System Functions The ex
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Appendix A: System Functions RAND T
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Appendix A: System Functions ❑ IN
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Appendix A: System Functions ❑ Is
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Appendix A: System Functions FILEGR
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Appendix A: System Functions INDEX_
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IsCheckCnst IsConstraint IsDefault
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Appendix A: System Functions OBJECT
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Appendix A: System Functions TYPEPR
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Appendix A: System Functions The qu
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Appendix A: System Functions The SU
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Appendix A: System Functions ASCII
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Appendix A: System Functions The ch
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Appendix A: System Functions UNICOD
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Appendix A: System Functions CAST a
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Appendix A: System Functions HOST_I
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Appendix A: System Functions NULLIF
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Appendix A: System Functions 646 Pr
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Appendix A: System Functions Text a
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Appendix B: Very Simple Connectivit
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ABS function A ABS function, 611 AC
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closing tags closing tags, XML docu
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cryptographic functions (continued)
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defects defects. See well formed XM
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EXPLICIT option EXPLICIT option bas
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IGNORE_DUP_KEY option (CREATE INDEX
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LOWER function LOWER function, 635
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online transaction-processing (OLTP
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query results query results alphabe
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scripts (continued) creating with M
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state state, basics of, 391 stateme
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transactions (continued) COMMIT TRA
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View Builder View Builder (Manageme
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